H4355 H4355
to sink down, be humiliated, brought low
A verb meaning to sink down, become low, or be humiliated. It appears in Qal, Niphal, and Hophal forms describing decline and degradation. Psalm 106:43 recalls how rebellious Israel repeatedly sank low in their iniquity. Ecclesiastes uses it for a house whose beams sag and sink due to neglect (10:18). Job speaks of the wicked being brought low and humiliated (24:24). The verb captures the downward movement of decay, defeat, or divine humbling.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Multilingual glosses identify lowering and humiliation: Spanish 'fueron-abatidos, son-abatidos' (were brought low), English 'brought-low, sank.' Psalm 106:43 laments Israel's repeated cycle of rebellion leading to humiliation under enemies. Job 24:24 describes the wicked ultimately brought low despite temporary prosperity. Ecclesiastes 10:18 uses it literally for structural decay—lazy hands allow the house beams to sag and sink. Physical sinking and moral-spiritual humiliation merge in this word's semantic range. 3×
AR["وَ-انْخَفَضُوا", "وَ-يَنحَطّونَ", "يِمَّكْ"]·ben["এবং-তারা-নিচু-হয়েছিল", "এবং-তারা-নীচু-হয়", "ঝুলে-পড়ে"]·DE["[והמכו]", "[ימך]", "und-sie-sank"]·EN["and-are-brought-low", "and-they-sank", "sags"]·FR["et-abaisser", "et-והמכו", "ימך"]·heb["ו-הומכו", "ו-ימוכו", "יימוך"]·HI["और-वे-नीचे-गिराए-गए", "और-वे-नीचे-लाए-जाते-हैं", "गिरती-है"]·ID["dan-mereka-direndahkan", "dan-mereka-merosot", "merosot"]·IT["[וימכו]", "e-e-sono-brought-basso", "sags"]·jav["ambruk", "lan-piyambakipun-dipunandhapaken", "lan-sami-asor"]·KO["그리고-낮아지나니", "그리고-비참해졌나이다", "무너진다"]·PT["afunda", "e-foram-abatidos", "e-são-abatidos"]·RU["и-ниспадали", "и-унижены", "провисает"]·ES["se-hunde", "y-fueron-abatidos", "y-son-abatidos"]·SW["huanguka", "na-wakaanguka", "na-wameshushwa"]·TR["cokur", "ve-alçaldılar", "ve-alçaltılırlar"]·urd["اور-پست-ہوتے", "اور-گرائے جاتے ہیں", "جھکے-گی"]
Related Senses
G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)G1849 1. authority, power (91×)H6485a 2. Qal: punish, bring judgment (63×)H8198 1. maidservant, female slave (63×)G2962 2. master, lord (human authority) (61×)H0034 1. needy, poor, destitute (61×)H0519 1. female servant, maidservant (56×)H6041 1. poor, needy person (55×)H0113 2. master, owner of servants (49×)H4910 1. Qal: to have dominion, exercise power over (44×)H1800 1. poor, needy (socioeconomic) (38×)H3515 1. heavy, severe, grievous (36×)G4434 1. (34×)G5092 1. honor, esteem, respect (33×)H6485a 4. Qal: visit, attend to, care for (32×)H3513 1. honor / show respect (Piel) (30×)H4910 2. Qal: to rule, govern (administrative authority) (27×)H4513 1. withhold, restrain, hold back (25×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [מָכַךְ] vb. be low, humiliated (Aramaic מְכַךְ, ܡܰܟ; Arabic مَكَّ is suck entirely out, diminish, consume);— Qal Impf. וַיָּמֹ֫כּוּ ψ 106:43 of perverse Isr. Niph. Impf. יִמַּךְ Ec 10:18 sink (in decay) of house-timbers. Hoph. Pf. וְהֻמְּכוּ Jb 24:24 be brought low, of wicked.