H3607 H3607
To shut up, restrain, or withhold; to confine or imprison; passively, to be held back or cease.
A verb of containment and control whose range spans from physical imprisonment to cosmic restraint. Jeremiah is 'shut up' in the court of the guard (Jer 32:2-3), while Abraham tells the Hittites that no one should withhold his burial site (Gen 23:6). The Niphal passive describes the restraining of primordial floodwaters (Gen 8:2) and the halting of excessive generosity (Exod 36:6). Spanish consistently distinguishes 'encerrar' (confine physically) from 'detener/retener' (restrain or hold back), revealing a clean semantic split the Hebrew does not mark morphologically. The lone Piel occurrence at Dan 9:24 extends the root toward bringing transgression to its appointed end -- a theological capstone on a verb about limits and boundaries.
Senses
1. restrain, withhold, hold back — The primary Qal active sense: to restrain, withhold, or hold back someone or something from proceeding or being given. Abraham asks that no one withhold a burial site from him (Gen 23:6); Abigail restrained David from bloodshed (1 Sam 25:33); the psalmist declares he has not withheld his lips from proclaiming righteousness (Ps 40:9). Spanish uses 'impedir' and 'detener' for this restraining function, while French renders it variously as 'retenir' or 'withhold,' capturing the sense of active prevention by a human agent. 10×
AR["أَكْبُتُ","الرُّوحِ","اِمْنَعْهُمَا","تَحْبِسْ","تَمْنَعِي","حَبَسَتِ","حَبَسَتْ","مَنَعتِني","مَنَعْتُ","يَمْنَعُ"]·ben["আটকাতে","আটকে-রেখ","আমি-নিবৃত্ত-করেছি","নিবারণ-করেছ-আমাকে","নিষেধ-কর-তাদের।","বন্ধ-কর","বন্ধ-করব","রুখবে","রুদ্ধ-করেছে"]·DE["[כלאה]","[כלאו]","[לכלוא]","[תכלאי]","ich-restrain","restrain-ihnen","restrained-mich","wird-vorenthalten","withhold"]·EN["I-restrain","restrain-them","restrained-me","to-restrain","will-withhold","withheld","withhold"]·FR["--withhold","[תכלאי]","comme-retenir","restrain-eux","retenir","retint-moi","à-לכלוא"]·heb["אכלא","יכלה","כלאה","כלאו","כלאם","כלאתי","כליתני","ל-כלוא","תכלא","תכלאי"]·HI["मैं-रोकता","रोक","रोक-लिया","रोकने-को","रोका","रोका-मुझे","रोकेगा"]·ID["akan-menolak","aku-menahan","laranglah-mereka","menahan","mencegahku","untuk-menahan"]·IT["[תכלאי]","per-a-restrain","restrain-loro","trattenere","trattenne","trattenne-me","will-withhold"]·jav["awisa","badhe-nahan","badhé-nulak","kula-nahan","kula-tahan","nahan","nyegah","sampun-ngendheg-kawula","supados-nahan"]·KO["가두기-위해","가둔다","금하소서-그들을","금하였나이다","막도다","막았다","막으라","막으리라","막으소서"]·PT["detém-os","impedi","impediste-me","para-reter","re-tenhas","refreio","retenhas","reterá","reteve","retiveram"]·RU["запрети-им","запретит","удержала","удержала-меня","удержали","удерживай","удерживал-я","удерживаю","чтобы-удержать"]·ES["detuve","encárcelalos:","me-impediste","para-retener","refreno","retendrá","retengas","retiene","retienen"]·SW["imezuia","kumfanya","kutoka","kuzuia","ninazuia","umenizuia","wazuie","zimezuia","zuie"]·TR["alıkoydum","engelle-onları","engelledin-beni","engelleyecek","tut","tutma","tutmak-icin","tuttu","tuttular","tutuyorum"]·urd["روک","روک-دے-اُنہیں","روکا-مجھے","روکتا","روکنے-کے-لیے","روکی-ہے","روکے","روکے-گا","روکے-ہیں"]
2. confine, shut up, imprison — The sense of physical confinement or imprisonment: to shut up, enclose, or lock someone in a space. Jeremiah is confined in the court of the guard (Jer 32:2-3), and the psalmist laments being shut in with no escape (Ps 88:8). The Philistines shut up their milch cows (1 Sam 6:10) in a pen. Spanish cleanly distinguishes this with 'encerrar' and 'encarcelar' (to imprison), while the passive participle kalua functions almost as an adjective meaning 'imprisoned' or 'confined.' 4×
AR["حَبَسَهُ","حَبَسُوهُمَا","مَحْبُوسًا","مَحْبُوسٌ"]·ben["আটকে-রাখলেন","বন্দী","বন্দী-করেছিল-তাকে"]·DE["[כלאו]","[כלוא]","shut-in","sie-schloss-hinauf"]·EN["confined","confined-him","shut-in","they-shut-up"]·FR["[כלאו]","[כלוא]","comme-ne...pas","ils-ferma-en-haut"]·heb["כלאו","כלו","כלוא"]·HI["बंद","बंद-किया","बंद-किया-था-उसे"]·ID["mengurungnya","mereka-kurung","terkurung"]·IT["[כלאו]","[כלוא]","come-non","essi-chiuse-su"]·jav["Kula-kakurung","dipun-kurung","ngurung-piyambakipun","piyambakipun-kurung"]·KO["가두었다","갇혀-있어","갇힌"]·PT["encerrado","prenderam","prendeu-o","preso"]·RU["заключил-его","заключён","заключён-я","заперли"]·ES["encerrado","encerraron","lo-encerró"]·SW["alimfunga","amefungwa","nimefungwa","walikwisha"]·TR["kapattılar","kapatılmış","tutuklu","tutuklu-tuttu-onu"]·urd["بند-کیا","قید","قید-کیا-تھا-اسے"]
3. be restrained, cease — The Niphal passive sense: to be restrained, held back, or caused to cease. The fountains of the deep and windows of heaven were 'restrained' after the flood (Gen 8:2); the people were commanded to stop bringing offerings because there was more than enough (Exod 36:6); God restrains the waters in Ezek 31:15. Spanish 'fue detenida/detenido' and French 'retenir' capture the passive cessation. This sense focuses on impersonal forces -- rain, floodwaters, plague -- being checked by divine authority. 3×
AR["فَٱنْحَبَسَتْ","وَ-امْتَنَعَ","وَ-اِمتَنَعَ"]·ben["আর-আটকে-গেল","এবং-নিষেধ-করা-হল","এবং-বন্ধ-হল"]·DE["[ויכלאו]","und-waren-restrained","und-zurückgehalten-wurde"]·EN["and-was-restrained","and-were-held-back","and-were-restrained"]·FR["et-retenir","et-étaient-retint","et-était-retint"]·heb["ו-ייכלא","ו-יכלא","ו-נכלאו"]·HI["और-रुके","और-रोका-गया"]·ID["dan-dihentikan","dan-terhentilah","dan-tertahan"]·IT["e-fu-restrained","e-furono-restrained","e-trattenere"]·jav["lan-dipun-cegah","lan-kacegah"]·KO["그리고-막혔다","그리고-멈추었다","그리고-멈취졌다"]·PT["e-foi-contido","e-foi-detida","e-foram-contidas"]·RU["и-задержаны-были","и-прекратился","и-удержан"]·ES["y-fue-detenida","y-fue-detenido","y-fueron-retenidas"]·SW["na-ikazuiliwa","na-wakazuiliwa","na-yakazuiliwa"]·TR["ve-engellendi","ve-kesildi","ve-tutuldu"]·urd["اور-روکے-گئے","اور-رُک-گئے","اور-رک-گئی"]
4. bring to an end, finish — The intensive Piel sense appearing only at Dan 9:24: to bring to completion, finish, or seal up transgression. The seventy weeks are decreed 'to finish' transgression and seal up sin. Spanish 'para terminar' and French 'pour tout' reflect the finalizing nuance. This extends the root metaphor of containment to its ultimate conclusion: not merely holding back, but bringing something to its appointed end and sealing it shut permanently -- a fitting eschatological climax for a verb about boundaries and limits. 1×
AR["لِـ-إِنْهَاءِ"]·ben["শেষ-করতে"]·DE["[לכלא]"]·EN["to-restrain"]·FR["pour-tout"]·heb["ל-כלוא"]·HI["रोकने-को"]·ID["untuk-mengakhiri"]·IT["trattenere"]·jav["kangge-mungkasi"]·KO["마치려"]·PT["para-fazer-cessar"]·RU["чтобы-запретить"]·ES["para-terminar"]·SW["kukomesha"]·TR["bitirmek-için"]·urd["ختم-کرنے-کے-لیے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [כָּלָא] vb. shut up, restrain, withhold (NH id.; Aramaic כְּלָא, ܟܠܴܐ; Ethiopic ከልአ: restrain, hinder; Assyrian kâiû, id.; Arabic كَلَأَ protect Qor 21:43 cf. Ba ZMG 1887, 605 Anm. 4)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. כְּלָאוֹ Je 32:3; 3 fs. כָּֽלְאָה Hg 1:10; 2 fs. sf. כְּלִתִ֫נִי 1 S 25:33; 1 s. כָּלִאתִי ψ 119:101; 3 pl. כָּֽלְאוּ Hg 1:10, כָּלוּ 1 S 6:10; Impf. 3 ms. יִכְלֶה Gn 23:6; 2 ms. תִּכְלָא ψ…