יָתַר107 H3498
To remain over, be left, survive; in Hifil, to leave remaining, preserve alive, or cause to abound and exceed.
The verb yatar captures the idea of surplus and survival — what is left over after the main portion is removed. In its Nifal stem it describes remnants of offerings (Exod 12:10; Lev 2:3), survivors of battles, and whatever remains after destruction. The Hifil causative adds intentionality: to leave something remaining on purpose, to preserve alive, or — in a striking semantic extension — to cause abundance and excess (Deut 28:11; Gen 49:4). Spanish alternates between quedar (remain) and dejar (leave/cause to remain), while the Hifil abundance sense draws sobrar (exceed) and hacer abundar, revealing a real semantic boundary within the causative stem itself.
Senses
1. the remaining, remnant (Nifal participle) — The Nifal participle used as a substantive meaning 'the remainder,' 'the rest,' or 'the remnant' — functioning essentially as a noun. At 53 occurrences this is the most frequent usage, appearing in ritual instructions about leftover offerings (Exod 12:10; Lev 2:3), lists of remaining tribes or territories (Exod 28:10), and historical summaries of surviving peoples. Spanish lo sobrante/la restante and German der Rest confirm the nominal, 'leftover' quality of this participle. French sometimes paraphrases with le remaining, showing the challenge of capturing the substantival force. 53×
AR["-البَاقِينَ", "-البَاقِيَةَ", "الباقينَ", "الـ-باقينَ", "الـ-بَاقِينَ", "الْبَاقِينَ", "وَ-البَاقِي", "وَ-المُتَبَقِّي"]·ben["-অবশিষ্ট", "-অবশিষ্টদের", "অবশিষ্টদের", "এবং-অবশিষ্ট", "এবং-যা-অবশিষ্ট-থাকে", "বাকিদের", "যারা-অবশিষ্ট"]·DE["der-remaining", "uebriglassen", "und-der-Rest"]·EN["and-the-remainder", "the-remaining"]·FR["et-le-remainder", "laisser", "le-remaining"]·heb["ה-נותרים", "ה-נותרת", "ו-ה-נותר", "ו-ה-נותרת"]·HI["-के-शेष", "और-बचा-हुआ", "और-बची-हुई", "बची-हुई", "बचे-हुओं", "बचे-हुओं-को", "बचे-हुओं-पर", "बचेहुए", "बाकी"]·ID["Dan-yang-tersisa", "dan-yang-tersisa", "yang-tersisa"]·IT["e-il-rimanente", "il-remaining", "il-restante", "lasciare"]·jav["Lan-turahipun", "ingkang-kantun", "ingkang-taksih", "ingkang-tasih", "ingkang-tasih-gesang", "lan-turahipun"]·KO["그-남은", "그-남은-자들", "그-남은-자들의", "그리고-나머지를", "그리고-남은-것-은"]·PT["E-o-restante", "a-restante", "e-o-restante", "os-restantes"]·RU["и-оставшееся", "и-остаток", "оставшееся", "оставшиеся", "оставшимся", "оставшихся", "остальных"]·ES["Y-lo-sobrante", "la-restante", "los-que-quedaron", "los-quedando", "los-restantes", "y-lo-sobrante"]·SW["Na-iliyobaki", "iliyobaki", "na-iliyobaki", "waliobaki"]·TR["-kalanlar", "den-bütün", "geri-kalanlar", "kalan", "ve-kalanı"]·urd["اور-باقی", "باقی", "باقی-لیے", "باقی-ماندہ", "باقی-کی", "بچی-ہوئی", "بچے-ہوئے"]
Gen 30:36, Exod 12:10, Exod 28:10, Exod 29:34, Lev 2:3, Lev 2:10, Lev 6:16, Lev 7:16, Lev 7:17, Lev 8:32, Lev 10:12, Lev 10:12 (+38 more)
2. remain, be left (Nifal) — Nifal finite verb forms expressing the stative or passive sense of remaining behind, being left over, or surviving after others have departed or been destroyed. Jacob 'was left alone' at Peniel (Gen 32:24), the youngest son 'remains' with his father (Gen 44:20), and nothing 'was left' after the locusts (Exod 10:15). Spanish quedar/quedaron and German bleiben consistently select stative verbs of remaining, distinguishing these 30 occurrences from the participial-nominal usage of Sense 1 by their finite verbal force — these describe events of remaining, not static categories of leftovers. 30×
AR["بَقيتُ", "بَقُوا", "بَقِيَ", "لَبَقِيَ", "وَ-بَقيتُ", "وَ-بَقِيَ", "وَ-تُبقَى", "يَبقَ", "يَبْقَ", "يَبْقَوْنَ", "يُبْقَى", "يُتْرَكُ"]·ben["অবশিষ্ট", "অবশিষ্ট-আছে", "অবশিষ্ট-ছিল", "অবশিষ্ট-থাকবে", "অবশিষ্ট-রইল", "অবশিষ্ট-রয়েছি", "আর-অবশিষ্ট-আছে", "এবং-আমি-অবশিষ্ট-হয়েছি", "এবং-বাকি-ছিল", "ও-অবশিষ্ট-থাকে", "থাকবে", "বাকি-রইল"]·DE["[יותר]", "[יותרו]", "bleibe", "blieb", "hatte-gewesen-linke", "remained", "remains", "uebriglassen", "und-blieb", "und-ich-bleibe", "und-uebriglassen", "und-übrig-geblieben-ist", "war-links", "wird-sein-linke"]·EN["and-I-remain", "and-he-remains", "and-is-left", "and-remained", "had-been-left", "remain", "remained", "remains", "was-left", "will-be-left", "will-remain"]·FR["avait-été-gauche", "et-il-reste", "et-je-reste", "et-laisser", "et-resta", "fera-être-gauche", "laisser", "resta", "reste", "rester", "était-gauche", "יותרו"]·heb["ו-יותר", "ו-נותרה", "ו-נותרו", "ו-נותרתי", "יותר", "ייוותר", "ייוותרו", "נוֹתְרוּ", "נותר", "נותרו", "נותרת", "נותרתי"]·HI["और-बच-गया", "और-बचा", "और-बचे", "और-रह-गई-है", "बचता", "बचा", "बचा-हूँ", "बचा-है", "बची-रही", "बचे-थे", "बचे-रहे", "बचे-रहेंगे", "बचेगा", "वह-बचा-रहेगा"]·ID["Dan-tersisa", "Dan-tertinggal", "akan-tersisa", "akan-tinggal", "dan-tersisa", "dan-tertinggallah", "tersisa"]·IT["aveva-stato-sinistra", "e-egli-remains", "e-io-rimani", "e-restò", "e-rimanere", "fu-sinistra", "lasciare", "resto'", "restò", "rimane", "rimanere", "rimani", "rimase", "vorrà-essere-sinistra", "will-remain"]·jav["Lan-dipuntilaraken", "badhe-katilar", "bakal-tetep", "dipun-tilar", "dipuntilar", "kantun", "lan-kantun", "lan-kula-kantun", "lan-taksih", "tilar", "wonten-ingkang-kantun"]·KO["그리고-남았다", "남아-있었다", "남았다", "남았도다", "남았으리라", "남으리라", "남은", "남을-것이다", "남지", "남지-않을-것이다"]·PT["E-restaram", "E-restou", "e-restei", "e-restou", "permanecerão", "restar", "restaram", "restará", "restei", "restou", "será-deixado", "sobrou"]·RU["И-остались", "и-осталась", "и-остался", "остались", "осталось", "остался", "остался-бы", "останется", "останутся"]·ES["Y-quedaron", "Y-quedó", "hubiera-quedado", "permanecerán", "quedaron", "quedará", "quedé", "quedó", "y-quedé", "y-quedó"]·SW["alibaki", "aliyebaki", "amebaki", "atabaki", "baki", "itabaki", "kubaki", "na-iliendelea", "na-imebaki", "na-nimebaki", "na-walibaki", "nimebaki", "walibaki", "walisalia", "watabakia"]·TR["bırakılacak", "kalacak", "kalacaklar", "kalacaktı", "kalanlar", "kaldı", "kaldılar", "kaldım", "ve-bırakıldı", "ve-kaldı", "ve-kaldılar", "ve-kaldım"]·urd["اور-بچ-گیا-ہوں", "اور-بچا", "اور-رہ-گئے", "اور-چھوڑی-گئی", "باقی-رہ-گئی", "باقی-رہا", "باقی-رہیں-گے", "باقی-رہے", "بچ-جائے-گی", "بچا", "بچا-ہوں", "بچتا", "بچے-گا"]
Gen 32:24, Gen 44:20, Exod 10:15, Exod 29:34, Num 26:65, Josh 11:11, Josh 11:22, Josh 18:2, Judg 9:5, 1 Sam 25:34, 2 Sam 9:1, 2 Sam 13:30 (+18 more)
3. leave remaining, preserve (Hifil) — Hifil causative forms meaning to cause to remain, leave over deliberately, or preserve alive — the agent chooses to leave a surplus or spare survivors. Instructions not to 'leave any of it until morning' (Exod 12:10; Lev 22:30) and promises like 'I will leave a remnant' use this stem. Spanish dejar (to leave) and dejar sobrevivir (to leave surviving) capture the causative agency, as does German bewahren (to preserve). The 18 occurrences cluster in ritual law and prophetic promises of preservation. 18×
AR["أَبقَى", "أَبْقَاهُ", "أَبْقَتْهُ", "أَبْقِ", "أُبْقِي", "تُبْقُوا", "تُبْقُونَ", "وَ-أَبْقَتْ", "وَ-أَبْقَى", "وَ-أُبْقي", "وَ-بَقِيَ", "وَ-تَرَكَ", "وَأَبقى", "وَأُبْقِي", "يَتْرُكْ", "يُبْقِي"]·ben["অবশিষ্ট-রাখতে", "আর-আমি-অবশিষ্ট-করব", "আর-আমি-অবশিষ্ট-রাখব", "এবং-রেখে-দিল", "এবং-রেখে-দিলেন", "এবং-সে-বাকি-রাখল", "ও-অবশিষ্ট", "ছেড়ে-রাখব", "রক্ষা-কর", "রেখে-গিয়েছিল", "রেখে-দিতেন", "রেখে-দেবে", "রেখে-যাবে", "সে-বাকি-রেখেছিল", "সে-রেখে-দেবে", "হাজার"]·DE["[הותרה]", "[ותתר]", "bewahren", "du-soll-verlassen", "du-soll-verlassen-ueber", "du-verlassen", "er-Blaetter", "er-liess-uebrig", "links", "uebriglassen", "und-er-linke", "und-links", "und-uebriglassen", "verlassen"]·EN["and-I-shall-leave", "and-I-shall-leave-remaining", "and-having-left-over", "and-he-left", "and-left", "and-reserved", "and-she-had-left-over", "had-left", "he-leaves", "leave", "left", "preserve", "she-left-over", "will-I-leave", "you-leave", "you-shall-leave", "you-shall-leave-over"]·FR["elle-gauche-sur", "et-elle-avait-gauche-sur", "et-gauche", "et-il-gauche", "et-laisser", "et-rester", "gauche", "il-leaves", "laisser", "le-rester", "quitter", "rester", "tu---quitter", "tu-devra-quitter-sur", "tu-quitter"]·heb["אותיר", "הותיר", "הותירה", "הותר", "ו-הותירה", "ו-הותירו", "ו-הותר", "ו-הותרתי", "ו-יותר", "יותיר", "יותר", "נותרת", "תותירו"]·HI["और-छोड़-दिया", "और-छोड़ा", "और-बचाऊँगा", "और-बचाना", "और-बचाया", "और-मैं-बचाऊंगा", "छोड़-देता", "छोड़ने-को", "छोड़ा-था", "छोड़ूंगा", "छोड़े", "छोड़ो", "बचा-ले", "बचाया", "बचेगा।", "रहने-दोगे"]·ID["Aku-meninggalkan", "Dan-Aku-akan-menyisakan", "dan-Aku-akan-menyisakan", "dan-berbaki", "dan-menyisakan", "dan-tersisa", "dia-sisakan", "ditinggalkan", "kamu-sisakan", "meninggalkan", "menyisakan", "sisakan", "tersisa", "tidak-meninggalkan"]·IT["e-egli-sinistra", "e-ella-ebbe-sinistra-sopra", "e-lasciare", "e-rimanere", "e-sinistra", "egli-foglie", "ella-sinistra-sopra", "lasciare", "resto'", "rimanere", "sinistra", "tu-dovra-lasciare-sopra", "tu-lasciare", "tu-shall-lasciare"]·jav["Ingsun-nilaraken", "Lan-Kawula-ninggalaken", "dipun-tilar", "lan-nyisihaken", "lan-sisa", "lan-taksih", "lan-tiyang-nyisakaken", "lestariken", "mboten-nilaraken", "nyisakaken", "panjenengan-sedaya-ngantos-tilas", "panjenengan-taksih", "sami-nilaraken", "sisa", "tilar"]·KO["그녀가-남겨둔", "그리고-그녀가-남겨두었다", "그리고-남겨두었다", "그리고-남겼다", "그리고-남기리라", "남겨-주지-않으셨더라면", "남겨두다", "남겨두소서", "남겨두지", "남겨둔", "남겨둘-것이다-너희는", "남기는", "남기지", "남기지않겠다", "남긴다"]·PT["E-deixarei", "deixar", "deixardes", "deixarei", "deixareis", "deixasse", "deixe-sobrar", "deixou", "e-deixaram-sobrar", "e-deixarei-remanescentes", "e-deixou", "e-sobrar", "e-sobrou", "preserva", "restarão", "restou"]·RU["и-оставил", "и-оставила", "и-оставили", "и-оставлю", "и-оставлять", "оставил", "оставила", "оставит", "оставите", "оставить", "оставлю", "оставляйте", "пусть-оставляет", "сохрани"]·ES["Y-dejaré", "Y-dejaré-sobrevivir", "deja-en-vida", "dejar", "dejare", "dejaré", "dejaréis", "deje", "dejéis", "dejó", "hubiera-dejado", "sobró", "y-dejaron", "y-dejó", "y-sobrar", "y-sobró"]·SW["akabakisha", "alituachia", "amebakisha", "asibakize", "ataachilia", "kando-ya-", "kuacha", "kubakisha", "mtaacha", "mtawaacha", "na-akaacha", "na-akabakisha", "na-nitaacha-mabaki", "na-wakabakiza", "nitamwacha", "wahifadhi", "whwoter"]·TR["arttı", "bırakacaksınız", "bırakacağım", "bırakacağınız", "bırakmak", "bıraksın", "bıraktı", "bırakın", "bırakır", "kurtar", "ve-arttı", "ve-bırakacağım", "ve-bıraktı", "ve-bıraktılar"]·urd["اور-باقی-رکھا", "اور-بچا", "اور-بچا-رکھا", "اور-بچاؤں-گا", "اور-بچایا", "اور-رکھا", "باقی-رکھ", "باقی-رکھو", "باقی-رکھو-گے", "باقی-رہے", "بچا-رکھے", "بچایا-اُس-نے", "و-میں-بچاؤں-گا", "چھوڑا-تھا", "چھوڑتا-نہیں", "چھوڑو-گے", "چھوڑوں-گا", "چھوڑےگا"]
Exod 10:15, Exod 12:10, Exod 16:19, Exod 16:20, Lev 22:30, Num 33:55, Deut 28:54, Ruth 2:14, Ruth 2:18, 2 Sam 8:4, 1 Chr 18:4, 2 Chr 31:10 (+6 more)
4. have abundance, exceed (Hifil) — A distinctive Hifil extension expressing excess, abundance, or preeminence — going beyond mere remainder to suggest overflowing surplus. Reuben's 'preeminence in dignity' (Gen 49:4), the materials that 'were more than enough' for the tabernacle (Exod 36:7), and the covenant promise that God 'will make you abound' (Deut 28:11; 30:9). Spanish hacer abundar and tener preeminencia, along with German Vorrang haben (have precedence), clearly distinguish this quantitative-excellence sense from the neutral 'leave remaining' of Sense 3. Only 6 occurrences, but semantically sharp. 6×
AR["تَفْضُلْ", "وَ-يَفضُلُ", "وَفَضَلَ", "وَيَفْضُلُ", "وَيُكْثِرُكَ"]·ben["এবং-অবশিষ্ট-হবে", "এবং-অবশিষ্ট-হল", "এবং-বৃদ্ধি-করবেন-তোমাকে", "এবং-বেশি-হল", "তুমি-শ্রেষ্ঠ-হবে-না"]·DE["sollst-du-Vorrang-haben", "und-having-linke-ueber", "und-linke-ueber", "und-macht-du-abound", "und-zu-spare"]·EN["and-having-left-over", "and-left-over", "and-makes-you-abound", "and-to-spare", "have-preeminence"]·FR["avoir-preeminence", "et-gauche-au-dessus", "et-having-gauche-au-dessus", "et-makes-tu-abound", "et-à-épargner"]·heb["ו-הותירו", "ו-הותירך", "ו-הותר", "תותר"]·HI["और-बचना", "और-बचा", "और-बढ़ाएगा-तुझको", "और-बहुतायत-देगा-तुझे", "श्रेष्ठ-रहेगा"]·ID["Dan-memberikan-kelimpahan-kepadamu", "dan-akan-ada-sisa", "dan-berlebih", "dan-tersisalah", "unggul"]·IT["avere-preeminence", "e-a-spare", "e-fa-tu-abound", "e-having-sinistra-sopra", "e-sinistra-sopra"]·jav["Lan-ndamel-kathah-panjenengan", "Lan-nglimpahaken-panjenengan", "badhe-unggul", "lan-langkung.", "lan-tirah"]·KO["그리고-남겠다", "그리고-남았다", "그리고-너에게-넘치게-하시리라", "그리고-넘치게-하시리라", "넘치지-말라"]·PT["e-far-te-á-prosperar", "e-sobrando", "e-sobrar", "e-sobraram", "terás-preminência"]·RU["И-даст-изобилие-тебе", "И-даст-тебе-изобилие", "будь-превосходным", "и-оставалось", "и-оставили", "и-оставить"]·ES["Y-te-hará-abundar", "tendrás-preeminencia", "y-sobraba", "y-sobrará", "y-sobró", "y-te-hará-abundar"]·SW["Na-atakufanya-kuzidi", "homa", "na-atakufanya-uenee", "na-ikabaki", "na-ilizidi", "na-kubaki"]·TR["ve-artacak", "ve-artti", "ve-artıracak-seni", "ve-artıyordu", "üstün-olacaksın"]·urd["اور-بچ-گیا", "اور-بچا", "اور-بچنا", "اور-زیادہ-کرےگا-تجھے", "اور-فراغت-دےگا-تجھے", "بڑھ"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[יָתַר107] vb. remain over (NH id.; Aramaic יְתַר, ܝܺܬܰܪ id.; Zinj. יתר n. rest, remainder; Ethiopic ወተረ Assyrian [atâru], remain over, in der. conj., DlHWB; in Sab. ותר CIS iv, 15, 46, p. 77; especially n. ותר as epithet of king = noble one, and as n.pr. ותרם MordtZMG, 1876, 37, 292 DHMZMG, 1883, 15 CISiv, 10; Arabic وَتَرَ is make single, make to be one, or an odd number)— †Qal Pt. הַיּוֹתֵר 1…