H3334 H3334
To be in distress, be narrow or constricted; in Hifil, to oppress or cause anguish to others.
A verb rooted in the physical image of narrowness and constriction, extending naturally into the emotional realm of distress and anguish. When Jacob heard that Esau was coming with four hundred men, he was greatly distressed (Gen 32:7), and when David's men spoke of stoning him at Ziklag, he too was deeply troubled (1 Sam 30:6). The spatial sense appears in passages like Isaiah 49:19, where a restored land will be 'too narrow' for its inhabitants. The lone Hifil occurrence in Nehemiah 9:27 describes enemies who oppressed Israel, capturing the causative force of the stem.
Senses
1. be in distress — The Qal stative sense of emotional or psychological distress, describing inner anguish and trouble. Spanish 'angustia' and German 'Angst' preserve the etymological link between narrowness and anxiety that this Hebrew root embodies. Prominent in narrative crisis moments: Gen 32:7 (Jacob before meeting Esau), Judg 2:15 and 10:9 (Israel under enemy pressure), 1 Sam 30:6 (David at Ziklag), 2 Sam 13:2 (Amnon's torment). 6×
AR["وَ-ضاقَ", "وَاغتَمَّ", "يَضِيقُ"]·ben["আর-সংকীর্ণ-হল", "এবং-কষ্ট-পেল", "এবং-সংকটে-ছিল", "এবং-সংকীর্ণ-হল", "সংকীর্ণ-হবে"]·DE["[יצר]", "und-es-war-distressing", "und-es-war-ihm-angst", "und-war-bedraengt", "und-war-distressed"]·EN["and-it-was-distressing", "and-was-distressed", "he-is-in-distress"]·FR["et-cela-fut-distressing", "et-fut-distressed", "et-il-était-distressing", "et-était-distressed", "יצר"]·heb["ו-יצר", "ו-צר", "ו-צרה", "יצר"]·HI["उस-पर-संकट-होगा", "और-तंग-थे", "और-तनग-हुअ", "और-संकट-हुआ", "और-संकट-हुई"]·ID["Dan-menjadi-sesak", "Dan-tersiksa", "dan-sangat-tertekan-lah", "dan-sesak", "dan-susahlah", "sempit"]·IT["e-era-angosciato", "e-esso-era-distressing", "e-esso-fu-distressing", "e-fu-distressed", "egli-è-in-distress"]·jav["Lan-rumaos-sangsara", "Lan-susah", "lan-piyambakipun-susah", "lan-rupek", "lan-sesak", "sesak"]·KO["그리고-괴로워했다", "그리고-괴로웠다", "좋아지리라"]·PT["E-angustiou-se", "e-angustiou-se", "e-foi-angustiado", "e-houve-angústia", "será-apertado"]·RU["будет-тесно", "и-было-тесно", "и-стало-тесно", "и-стеснилось", "и-страдал"]·ES["Y-hubo-angustia", "tendrá-angustia", "y-angostió", "y-angustia", "y-fue-angustiado", "y-fue-estrecho"]·SW["atabanwa", "na-akataabika", "na-ikawa-dhiki", "na-ilikuwa-dhiki", "na-ilimdhiki"]·TR["Ve-sıkıntı-verdi", "daralır", "ve-daralıp-sıkıldı", "ve-daralıverdi", "ve-sıkıldı", "ve-sıkıntı-çekti"]·urd["اور-تنگ-تھا", "اور-تنگ-ہوئے", "اور-تنگ-ہوا", "اور-تنگی-ہوئی", "تنگی ہو"]
2. be narrow or constricted — The Qal sense of spatial or physical narrowness -- being too constricted, too small, or hindered in movement. Job 18:7 uses it for steps that 'are shortened,' Prov 4:12 for steps that 'will not be hindered,' and Isa 49:19 for a land too narrow for its returning inhabitants. Spanish 'estrecha' and 'estrechan' clearly reflect this concrete spatial dimension. 3×
AR["تَضِيقُ", "تَضِيقِينَ"]·ben["খুব-সংকীর্ণ-হবে", "সংকীর্ণ-হবে"]·DE["[יצר]", "[יצרו]", "[תצרי]"]·EN["are-shortened", "will-be-hindered", "you-will-be-too-narrow"]·FR["[תצרי]", "יצר", "יצרו"]·heb["ייצר", "יצרו", "תצרי"]·HI["तू-तंग-होगी", "संकुचित-होगी", "सिकुड़ेंगे"]·ID["akan-sempit", "dipersempit", "terlalu-sempit"]·IT["[תצרי]", "sono-shortened", "will-essere-hindered"]·jav["dipundamel-ciyut", "panjenengan-badhé-rupek", "sesak"]·KO["너무-좋으리라", "좁아지리라", "좋아진다"]·PT["São-apertados", "será-estreitado", "serás-estreita"]·RU["будет-стеснён", "будешь-тесна", "сузятся"]·ES["Se-estrechan", "se-angostaran", "serás-estrecha"]·SW["banwa", "utakuwa-finyu", "zitapunguzwa"]·TR["dar-kalacaksin", "daralacak", "daralır"]·urd["تنگ ہوں", "تنگ-ہو-جائے-گی", "تنگ-ہوں-گے"]
3. oppress or cause distress — The Hifil causative sense of inflicting distress or oppression upon others. Attested only in Neh 9:27, where enemies 'oppressed' Israel during their periods of rebellion. Spanish 'angustiaron' and English 'oppressed' both capture the transitive, causative force that distinguishes this stem from the stative Qal uses. 1×
AR["فَ-ضَايَقُوا"]·ben["আর-কষ্ট-দিল"]·DE["[ויצרו]"]·EN["and-they-oppressed"]·FR["[ויצרו]"]·heb["ו-יצרו"]·HI["और-सताया"]·ID["dan-mereka-menyesakkan"]·IT["[ויצרו]"]·jav["lajeng-sami-ngina"]·KO["그리하여-괴롭혀다"]·PT["e-oprimiram"]·RU["и-притесняли"]·ES["y-los-angustiaron"]·SW["na-wakawadhulumu"]·TR["ve-sıkıştırdılar"]·urd["اور-ستایا"]
Related Senses
H7965 1. peace, absence of conflict (198×)H3467 1. save, deliver, rescue (Hifil active) (156×)H5127 1. flee, run away (Qal) (144×)G1515 1. peace, well-being, harmony (93×)H8002 1. peace offering(s) (87×)G4982 1. save spiritually, grant salvation (79×)H3444 1. salvation, deliverance (67×)H4422 1. Nifal: escape, flee (63×)H1272 1. flee, run away (Qal) (58×)H6869b 1. distress, trouble (57×)G4991 1. of salvation (46×)G2347 1. tribulation, affliction, distress (45×)H0983 1. security, safety, confidence (42×)H6031b 1. Piel: afflict, oppress (42×)H6040 1. affliction, misery, suffering (36×)H3468 1. salvation, deliverance (33×)G5343 1. flee, run away (28×)H3467 2. savior, deliverer (Hifil participle substantive) (28×)H8668 1. salvation, deliverance (27×)H8252 1. be quiet, be at rest (26×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
I. צָרַר vb. bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (NH id.; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );— A. trans.: Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָרַר Ho 4:19; Pr 30:4; Imv. צוֹר Is 8:16; Inf. cstr. צְרוֹר Pr 26:8 (?); Pt. act. צֹרֵר Jb 26:8; pass. צָרוּר Ho 13:12, f. צְרוּרָה 1 S 25:29; fpl. צְרֻרֹת Ex 12:34; 2 S 20:3;—bind or tie up, of kneading-troughs Ex 12:34 (E); fig. of a life…