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H2865 H2865
V-Nifal-Imperf-3ms  |  51× in 4 senses
To be shattered or dismayed; to break in pieces; causatively, to terrify or cause dread before overwhelming power
Rooted in the concrete image of something being shattered or smashed to pieces, this verb extends powerfully into the emotional realm of paralyzing dread and dismay. In the great encouragement formulas of Deuteronomy and Joshua, Israel is repeatedly told not to 'be dismayed' (Deut 1:21; Josh 1:9), where Spanish consistently renders 'desmayar' and French 'être consterné,' both capturing the idea of courage collapsing under fear. The Hifil causative form appears in striking passages like Job 7:14 ('You terrify me with dreams') and Jeremiah 1:17, where God warns the prophet not to be shattered before his opponents lest God Himself shatter him. The physical sense of being broken or crushed (Isa 8:9; 30:31) forms the experiential ground from which the emotional meaning grows.

Senses
1. be dismayed or afraid The dominant emotional sense: to be filled with dread, terror, or dismay that paralyzes action. This is the verb of the battlefield exhortation — 'do not fear and do not be dismayed' (Josh 1:9; Deut 31:8). The Spanish 'desmayar' (to faint, lose heart) and French 'être consterné' (to be in consternation) together reveal the inner collapse of will this word describes. It appears characteristically paired with ירא ('to fear') in covenant encouragement contexts. 34×
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Terror and Agitation
amh["እና-ይፈራሉ"]·AR["ارْتَعَبُوا","ارْتَعَدَ","اِنْسَحَقَتْ","تَرتَعِبْ","تَرْتَعُ","تَرْتَعِبُوا","تَرْتَعِبْ","فَيَرْتَعِبُونَ","و-يرتعب","وَ-ارْتَعَبُوا","يَرْتَعِبُ"]·ben["আর-চূর্ণ-হবে","এবং-ভয়-পাবে","এবং-ভেঙ্গে-পড়ল","ও-ভীত-হবে","চূর্ণ-হয়েছে","ত্রস্ত-হও","ভয়-কর","ভীত","ভেঙে-পড়ত","সন্ত্রস্ত-হও","সে-ভীত-হয়","হতাশ-হও","হতাশা-করো"]·ces["a-zděsí-se"]·dan["Og-de-skal-forfærdes,"]·DE["Und-verzagen-werden","[יחת]","[נחת]","erschrecken","sein-verzagt","und-erschrecken","und-sie-waren-dismayed","unter"]·ell["Και-θα-κατατρομαχθούν"]·EN["and-they-were-dismayed","and-they-will-be-dismayed","and-will-be-dismayed","are-shattered","be-dismayed","it-is-dismayed","they-were-dismayed","was-shattered","you-shall-be-dismayed"]·FR["Et-seront-consternés","[תחתו]","effrayer","et-ils-furent-dismayed","et-trembler","sous","trembler","être-brisé","être-dismayed"]·guj["અને-ગભરાશે"]·hat["e-vanyan"]·hau["za-a-firgita"]·heb["ו-חתו","ו-נחתו","וחתו","חתו","יחת","נחת","תחת","תחתו","תיחת"]·HI["-घबरा","और-टूटेंगे","और-दरर-गये","और-भयभीत-होंगे","घबरा","घबराओ","चकित-हुए","टूट-गईं","वह-घबराता-है","विनम्र","हतोत्साहित-हो।"]·hun["és-megriadnak"]·ID["-gentar","Dan-akan-gentar","Dan-mereka-akan-terkejut","dan-mereka-gemetar","dan-mereka-menjadi-gentar","gemetar","gentar","ia gentar","mereka-ketakutan","remuk","terkejut"]·IT["E-saranno-atterriti","e-essi-erano-dismayed","e-spaventare","essere-costernato","essere-sgomento","esso-è-dismayed","sotto","spaventare","spaventarsi"]·jav["gemèter","giris","kuwatir","lan-ajrih","lan-badhé-ajrih","lan-kaget","lan-sami-giris","nggrangsang","nggégé","piyambak-ipun-geter","remuk"]·JA["そして恐れる"]·KO["경야했다","그리고-놀랐다","그리고-두려워하고","그리고-두려워하리라","그리고-두려워하리라-그들이","낙심하라","남담하라","남심하라","남아지도록","놀라라","놀라지-말라","두려워하라","두려워하였다","두려워한다","부서졌다"]·mar["आणि-घाबरतील"]·mya["နှင့်-ကြောက်လန့်မည်"]·nld["En-verslagen-zullen-worden"]·nor["Og-forferdet-blir"]·pnb["تے-ڈر-جان-گے"]·pol["I-strwożeni-zostaną"]·PT["E-ficarão-aterrados","E-serão-aterrados","aterraram-se","aterrorizados","desanimeis","desanimes","desmaieis","e-assustaram-se","e-serão-quebrantados","prostrou-se","se-aterroriza","te-aterrorizes","te-desanimes","te-espantes"]·ron["Și-vor-fi-sfărâmați"]·RU["И-устрашатся","и-смутились","и-сокрушатся","и-ужаснутся","сокрушены","сокрушён","страшись","страшитесь","страшится","ужасайся","устрашайтесь"]·ES["Y-serán-quebrantados","desmayes","desmayéis","destrozados","fueron-quebrantados","postrado","se-aterroricen","se-espanta","te-acobardes","te-atemorices","te-aterrorices","y-se-aterrorizaron","y-serán-destrozados"]·SW["Na-wataogopa","aliogopa","anaogopa","fanyike-na-hofu","fanywe-kukata-tamaa","moyo","na-wakaogopa","na-watashindwa","na-watavunjwa","teּchatּwּ","tishike","usivunjike-moyo","utafadhaika","vunje-moyo","vunjike-moyo","waliogopa","zimevunjwa"]·swe["och-skall-förskräckas"]·tam["-மற்றும்-அஞ்சுவார்கள்"]·tel["మరియు-భయపడుదురు"]·tgl["at-matatakot"]·TH["และ-นักรบ-ของเจ้า"]·TR["Ve-yikilacaklar","al","ezildi","korkarak-çökme","saskin","ve-değil","ve-yıkılacaklar","ve-yıldılar","ve-yılgınlaşacak","yıkıldı","yıl","yılma","yılmayacaksın","yılmayın","yılır"]·ukr["-і-злякаються"]·urd["اور-خوفزدہ-ہو-جائیں","اور-ڈریں-گے","اور-گھبرائے","خوف-کھا","ٹوٹ-گئے","ٹوٹا","گھبرا","گھبراؤ","گھبراتا"]·VI["Và-sẽ-kinh-hãi"]·yor["Àti-àwọn-akọni-rẹ"]·yue["同埋驚恐"]·ZH["-必惊惶"]
2. be shattered or broken The concrete physical sense of being broken, shattered, or smashed to pieces. In Isaiah 8:9, the nations are taunted three times with the imperative 'be shattered!' — a prophetic declaration of their destruction. At Isaiah 30:31, Assyria 'shall be shattered' by the voice of the LORD. The German translations frequently render this with 'erschrecken' (to be startled/terrified), blurring the physical and emotional senses, while Spanish 'destrozar' (to shatter) preserves the concrete breaking image. 11×
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Terror and Agitation
AR["ارْتَعَبَ","ارْتَعَبَتْ","الْمُتَشَقِّقَةِ","اِنْسَحَقَ","تَحَطَّمَتْ","تَنْقَضِي","وَ-انكَسِرُوا","وَارْتَعَبَتْ","يَرْتَعِبُ"]·ben["এবং-ভীত-হয়েছে","এবং-ভেঙে-পড়","চীরণ-হয়েছে","চূর্ণ-হয়েছে","ভাঙবে","ভীত-হবে","ভীত-হয়েছে","ভেঙে-পড়েছে","ভেঙ্গে-পড়েছে"]·DE["erschrecken","und-erschrecken","unter"]·EN["and-be-shattered","and-shattered","are-shattered","is-cracked","is-shattered","it-is-shattered","shall-be-shattered","will-be-broken"]·FR["et-trembler","sous","trembler"]·heb["ו-חותו","ו-חתה","חיתתה","חת","חתה","יחת","תחת"]·HI["और-चकनाचूर-हो-जाओ","और-टूट-गया","चटक-गई","टूट-गए","टूट-गया","टूट-जाएगा","टूटेगी"]·ID["dan-gemetar","dan-telah-hancur","diremukkan","hancur","ia-hancur","retak","terpatahkan","terpukul"]·IT["e-spaventare","sotto","spaventare"]·jav["badhé-sirna","gebèl","giris","lan-ajrih","lan-pecaha","remuk","sampun-putung"]·KO["그리고-두려워하였다","금이-갔다","깨어지라","두려워하였다-그것이","두려워할-것이다","부서졌다","부서지리라"]·PT["aterrou-se","e-foi-quebrada","e-sede-quebrados","foi-quebrada","foi-quebrado","que-ficou-abatida,","será-aterrorizado","será-quebrada"]·RU["будет-сокрушён","и-сокрушена","и-трепещите","опустошённой","сломаны","сокрушится","сокрушён"]·ES["destrozado","destrozados","está-destrozada","está-destrozado","que-se-resquebrajó","se-quebrantará","será-quebrantado","y-destrozada","y-sed-quebrantados"]·SW["amevunjwa","atavunjika","iliyovunjika","imevunjika","imevunjwa","na-imevunjwa","na-mtavunjwa","zimevunjika"]·TR["dehsete-dusecek","kirilacak","kırıldı","ve-kirilacaksiniz","ve-yıkıldı","yıkıldı","çatladı"]·urd["اور-ٹوٹ-گیا","اور-چکنا-چور-ہو","توڑ-دی-گئیں","دراڑ-پڑ-گئی-ہے","وہ-ٹوٹ-گیا","ٹوٹ-گیا","ٹوٹے-گا","ٹوٹے-گی"]
3. terrify or cause dismay The causative dimension (Hifil/Piel): to actively terrify, dismay, or shatter someone. In Job 7:14, the sufferer accuses God directly — 'You terrify me with dreams.' Jeremiah 1:17 contains a remarkable wordplay: God tells Jeremiah not to be shattered (תֵּחַת) before them, lest God shatter him (אֲחִתְּךָ) before them. Spanish 'espantar' (to frighten) and French 'effrayer' (to terrify) both render the active agency of causing dread in another.
MOVEMENT Linear Movement Release and Movement
AR["أَرعَبَنِي","أُرْعِبَكَ","فَأَرْعَبْتَني","وَأُرْعِبُ","يُرعِبُها"]·ben["এবং-আমি-ভীত-করব","এবং-তুমি-ভয়-উৎপাদন-করেছ-আমাকে","তোমাকে-ভয়-দেখাই","ভয়-পাইয়ে-দেবে-তাদের","ভীত-করত-আমাকে"]·DE["[וחתתני]","[יחיתן]","[יחתני]","erschrecken","und-erschrecken"]·EN["I-dismay-you","and-I-will-shatter","and-You-terrify-me","terrified-me","will-terrify-them"]·FR["effrayer","et-trembler","et-être-brisé","trembler","être-brisé-moi"]·heb["אחיתך","ו-החתתי","ו-היתתני","יחיתן","יחתני"]·HI["और-डराया-तूने-मुझे","और-मैं-भयभीत-करूंगा","घबराऊं-मैं-तुझे","डराएगा-तुझे","डराता-था-मुझे"]·ID["Aku-membuat-kamu-gentar","Maka-Engkau-menakutiku","akan-membuatmu-takut,","dan-Aku-akan-membuat-gentar","membuatku gentar"]·IT["e-e-You-terrify-me","e-spaventare","spaventare","terrified-me-mio"]·jav["Kawula-ndadosaken-panjenengan-gégé","badhé-nggegirisi","lan-Ingsun-ndamel-giris","lan-medeni-kawula","nggegirisi-kula"]·KO["그리고-내가-두렵게-하리라","그리고-두렵게-하신다-나를","나를-두렵게-하였다","내가-두렵게-하리라-너를","두렵게-하니-그-들-을"]·PT["E-aterrarei","aterroriza-me","desanime-te","e-assustas-me","os-aterrorizará"]·RU["И-сокрушу","Я-устрашил-тебя","и-ужасаешь-меня","страшило-меня","устрашит-их"]·ES["entonces-me-espantas","los-aterrorizará","me-espantó","y-aterrorizaré","yo-te-aterrorice"]·SW["Na-nitawafadhaisha","iliniogopesha","na-unaniogofya","nitakuvunja-moyo","utawaogofya"]·TR["korkutacak-onları","korkuttu-beni","seni-çökerteyim","ve-korkutacağım","ve-korkuttun-beni"]·urd["اور-میں-دہشت-زدہ-کروں-گا","اور-ڈراتا-ہے-تُو-مجھے","دہشت زدہ کرتی تھی مجھے","ڈرائے-گی-اُنہیں","گھبرا-دوں-تجھے"]
4. sense 4 A single occurrence at Isaiah 9:4 [Heb. 9:3] where the verb appears in the context of divine deliverance — 'the rod of his oppressor, you have shattered.' English renders 'you have shattered' while Spanish uses 'quebrantaste' (you broke/shattered), pointing to the victorious breaking of an instrument of oppression, blending the physical shattering with the dismay it produces in the oppressor.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Terror and Agitation
AR["حَطَّمْتَ"]·ben["তুমি-ভেঙেছো"]·DE["erschrecken"]·EN["you-have-shattered"]·FR["trembler"]·heb["החיתות"]·HI["तूने-तोड़-दिया"]·ID["Engkau-telah-hancurkan"]·IT["spaventare"]·jav["Panjenengan-sampun-nyuwek"]·KO["꺾으셨으니"]·PT["quebraste"]·RU["сокрушил-Ты"]·ES["quebrantaste"]·SW["umevunja"]·TR["kirdin"]·urd["توڑ-دیا"]

Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)G2309 1. want, desire (166×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חָתַת] vb. be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian ḫattu, terror, DlHWB 296; Talm. חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic ሐተተ is scrutari, examinare, v. DiLex. 105)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. חַת Je 50:2; 3 fs. חַ֫תָּה Je 14:4 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תָּה Je 48:1; 3 pl. חַ֫תּוּ Is 37:27 + 4 times, וְחַתּ֫וּ consec. Is 20:5 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תּוּ consec. Je 50:36; Impf. (Köi. 366) יֵחַת Is 7:8; 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Jb 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Is 31:4,