H2782 H2782
To cut, sharpen, or decide; from physical cutting and mutilation to authoritative decrees and decisive action.
Charats moves from the concrete to the judicial. At its most physical, it describes cutting or mutilating—Leviticus 22:22 lists a 'cut' animal among those unfit for sacrifice. The figurative leap to 'sharpening the tongue' (Exod 11:7, Josh 10:21) pictures hostile speech held in check: not a dog shall sharpen its tongue against Israel. The dominant biblical usage, however, is judicial: something 'determined' or 'decreed,' especially of divine decisions that are irrevocable (Isa 10:22-23, 28:22). Cognate Assyrian haraṣu similarly spans 'dig' and 'decide.'
Senses
1. determine, decree, decide — To determine, decree, or decide authoritatively, often of irrevocable divine verdicts. Spanish 'decretada/decretado' and the passive participle charuts in Isaiah 10:22 point to a settled, unalterable determination. Job 14:5 speaks of days 'determined' for mortals; Isaiah 28:22 warns of a destruction 'decreed' upon the whole land. This is the most frequent sense, appearing in both active and participial forms. 8×
AR["الْمَقْضِيَّ","حَكَمْتَ","مَحْتُومٌ","مَحْتُومَةٌ","مَقْضِيَّةٌ","وَ-الْمَقْضِيِّ","وَ-قَضَاءً","وَ-مَحْتُومًا"]·ben["এবং-নির্ধারিত","ও-নির্ধারিত","ঠিক-করেছ","নির্ধারিত","যা-নির্ধারিত"]·DE["[ונחרצה]","[חרוץ]","[חרוצים]","[נחרצה]","[נחרצת]","decided"]·EN["and-decree","and-determined","and-what-is-decreed","decided","decreed","determined","what-is-decreed"]·FR["[ונחרצה]","[חרוץ]","[נחרצה]","[נחרצת]","decided","décider"]·heb["ו-נחרצה","חרוץ","חרוצים","חרצת","נחרצת"]·HI["और-निर्धारित","और-निश्चित","ठहराया","निर्धारित","निश्चित"]·ID["dan-ketetapan","dan-yang-ditetapkan","ditentukan","ditetapkan","telah-memutuskan","yang-ditentukan","yang-ditetapkan"]·IT["[ונחרצה]","[נחרצה]","[נחרצת]","decided","determinare","determined","e-determinare"]·jav["dipun-temtokaken","ingkang-dipun-temtokaken","lan-ingkang-dipun-putusaken","lan-ingkang-dipun-temtokaken","lan-sampun-dipunputusaken","sampun-dipun-temtokaken","sampun-dipunputusaken","sampun-mutusaken"]·KO["결정된","결정된-것을","결정했다","그리고-결정된-것을","그리고-정해진-것-이","정해졌다","정해진","정해진-것이"]·PT["decidiste","decretada","determinados","e-decretada","e-determinada","e-o-que-está-determinado","está-determinada","o-que-está-determinado"]·RU["и-определённое","и-решённое","определены","определённое","решил","решённое"]·ES["decidiste","decretada","decretado","determinados","lo-determinado","y-determinación","y-lo-decretado"]·SW["imeamuliwa","na-imeamuliwa","na-uamuzi","umeamua","yaliyoamuliwa","zimepangwa"]·TR["belirlenmiş","kararlaştırılan","kararlaştırılmış","kararli","ve-karar-verilmis","ve-kararlaştırılmış","ve-kararli","verdin"]·urd["اور-فیصلہ","اور-فیصلہ-شدہ","طے-شدہ","فیصلہ-شدہ","مقرر","مقرر-ہیں","ٹھہرایا-ہے"]
2. sharpen, cut — To cut, sharpen, or mutilate physically. Leviticus 22:22 lists a 'mutilated' animal alongside blind and broken ones—Spanish 'mutilado' and English 'cut' confirm the concrete bodily sense. The idiom in Exodus 11:7 and Joshua 10:21, where no dog 'sharpens its tongue,' pictures hostile speech as a blade restrained. The physical image underlies the metaphorical extension to decisive judgment. 3×
AR["مَجْرُوحٌ","يُحَدِّدُ","يُحَدِّدْ"]·ben["কাটা","গর্জন-করবে-","ধার-করল"]·DE["schnitt","sharpened","wird-sharpen-"]·EN["cut","sharpened","will-sharpen-"]·FR["--sharpen-","couper","sharpened"]·heb["חרוץ","חרץ","יחרץ"]·HI["कटा-हुआ","तेज-किया","भौंकेगा"]·ID["menajamkan-","mengasah","yang-terpotong"]·IT["sharpened","tagliare","will-sharpen-"]·jav["badhe-salak-","layu","ngobahaken"]·KO["날카롭게-하였다","날카롭게-할-것이다","잘린"]·PT["afiou","cortado","latirá-"]·RU["заострил","заострит-","изуродованное"]·ES["aguzará-","movió","mutilado"]·SW["alinoa","kukaririka-","kukatika"]·TR["bileyerek","kesik","keskinleştirmeyecek-"]·urd["تیز-کی","زخمی","ہلائے-گا"]
3. act decisively, be diligent — To act decisively or with urgent diligence, a rare extension from the cutting/deciding senses. In 2 Samuel 5:24, David is told to 'act decisively' when he hears the sound in the balsam trees—Spanish 'te apresuras' emphasizes the haste. This sense bridges the physical sharpness and the mental resolution: to cut through hesitation and move with determined energy. 1×
AR["انْتَبِهْ"]·ben["ত্বরিত-হও"]·DE["handle-decisively"]·EN["act-decisively"]·FR["agis-decisively"]·heb["תחרץ"]·HI["जल्दी-कर"]·ID["engkau-harus-bertindak-cepat"]·IT["agisci-decisively"]·jav["panjenengan-tumindak-cepet"]·KO["공격하라"]·PT["apressa-te"]·RU["действуй-решительно"]·ES["te-apresuras"]·SW["fanya-haraka"]·TR["harekete-geç"]·urd["جلدی-کر"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. חָרַץ vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, ZehnpfundBAS i. 502; Ph. חרץ decision, HoffmAGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jos 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ 1 K 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Ex 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ 2 S 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Is 10:22 Lv 22:22; pl. חֲרוּצִים Jb 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.)— 1. cut, mutilate Lv…