H2782 H2782
To cut, sharpen, or decide; from physical cutting and mutilation to authoritative decrees and decisive action.
Charats moves from the concrete to the judicial. At its most physical, it describes cutting or mutilating—Leviticus 22:22 lists a 'cut' animal among those unfit for sacrifice. The figurative leap to 'sharpening the tongue' (Exod 11:7, Josh 10:21) pictures hostile speech held in check: not a dog shall sharpen its tongue against Israel. The dominant biblical usage, however, is judicial: something 'determined' or 'decreed,' especially of divine decisions that are irrevocable (Isa 10:22-23, 28:22). Cognate Assyrian haraṣu similarly spans 'dig' and 'decide.'
Senses
1. determine, decree, decide — To determine, decree, or decide authoritatively, often of irrevocable divine verdicts. Spanish 'decretada/decretado' and the passive participle charuts in Isaiah 10:22 point to a settled, unalterable determination. Job 14:5 speaks of days 'determined' for mortals; Isaiah 28:22 warns of a destruction 'decreed' upon the whole land. This is the most frequent sense, appearing in both active and participial forms. 8×
AR["الْمَقْضِيَّ", "حَكَمْتَ", "مَحْتُومٌ", "مَحْتُومَةٌ", "مَقْضِيَّةٌ", "وَ-الْمَقْضِيِّ", "وَ-قَضَاءً", "وَ-مَحْتُومًا"]·ben["এবং-নির্ধারিত", "ও-নির্ধারিত", "ঠিক-করেছ", "নির্ধারিত", "যা-নির্ধারিত"]·DE["[ונחרצה]", "[חרוץ]", "[חרוצים]", "[נחרצה]", "[נחרצת]", "decided"]·EN["and-decree", "and-determined", "and-what-is-decreed", "decided", "decreed", "determined", "what-is-decreed"]·FR["[ונחרצה]", "[חרוץ]", "[נחרצה]", "[נחרצת]", "decided", "décider"]·heb["ו-נחרצה", "חרוץ", "חרוצים", "חרצת", "נחרצת"]·HI["और-निर्धारित", "और-निश्चित", "ठहराया", "निर्धारित", "निश्चित"]·ID["dan-ketetapan", "dan-yang-ditetapkan", "ditentukan", "ditetapkan", "telah-memutuskan", "yang-ditentukan", "yang-ditetapkan"]·IT["[ונחרצה]", "[נחרצה]", "[נחרצת]", "decided", "determinare", "determined", "e-determinare"]·jav["dipun-temtokaken", "ingkang-dipun-temtokaken", "lan-ingkang-dipun-putusaken", "lan-ingkang-dipun-temtokaken", "lan-sampun-dipunputusaken", "sampun-dipun-temtokaken", "sampun-dipunputusaken", "sampun-mutusaken"]·KO["결정된", "결정된-것을", "결정했다", "그리고-결정된-것을", "그리고-정해진-것-이", "정해졌다", "정해진", "정해진-것이"]·PT["decidiste", "decretada", "determinados", "e-decretada", "e-determinada", "e-o-que-está-determinado", "está-determinada", "o-que-está-determinado"]·RU["и-определённое", "и-решённое", "определены", "определённое", "решил", "решённое"]·ES["decidiste", "decretada", "decretado", "determinados", "lo-determinado", "y-determinación", "y-lo-decretado"]·SW["imeamuliwa", "na-imeamuliwa", "na-uamuzi", "umeamua", "yaliyoamuliwa", "zimepangwa"]·TR["belirlenmiş", "kararlaştırılan", "kararlaştırılmış", "kararli", "ve-karar-verilmis", "ve-kararlaştırılmış", "ve-kararli", "verdin"]·urd["اور-فیصلہ", "اور-فیصلہ-شدہ", "طے-شدہ", "فیصلہ-شدہ", "مقرر", "مقرر-ہیں", "ٹھہرایا-ہے"]
2. sharpen, cut — To cut, sharpen, or mutilate physically. Leviticus 22:22 lists a 'mutilated' animal alongside blind and broken ones—Spanish 'mutilado' and English 'cut' confirm the concrete bodily sense. The idiom in Exodus 11:7 and Joshua 10:21, where no dog 'sharpens its tongue,' pictures hostile speech as a blade restrained. The physical image underlies the metaphorical extension to decisive judgment. 3×
AR["مَجْرُوحٌ", "يُحَدِّدُ", "يُحَدِّدْ"]·ben["কাটা", "গর্জন-করবে-", "ধার-করল"]·DE["schnitt", "sharpened", "wird-sharpen-"]·EN["cut", "sharpened", "will-sharpen-"]·FR["--sharpen-", "couper", "sharpened"]·heb["חרוץ", "חרץ", "יחרץ"]·HI["कटा-हुआ", "तेज-किया", "भौंकेगा"]·ID["menajamkan-", "mengasah", "yang-terpotong"]·IT["sharpened", "tagliare", "will-sharpen-"]·jav["badhe-salak-", "layu", "ngobahaken"]·KO["날카롭게-하였다", "날카롭게-할-것이다", "잘린"]·PT["afiou", "cortado", "latirá-"]·RU["заострил", "заострит-", "изуродованное"]·ES["aguzará-", "movió", "mutilado"]·SW["alinoa", "kukaririka-", "kukatika"]·TR["bileyerek", "kesik", "keskinleştirmeyecek-"]·urd["تیز-کی", "زخمی", "ہلائے-گا"]
3. act decisively, be diligent — To act decisively or with urgent diligence, a rare extension from the cutting/deciding senses. In 2 Samuel 5:24, David is told to 'act decisively' when he hears the sound in the balsam trees—Spanish 'te apresuras' emphasizes the haste. This sense bridges the physical sharpness and the mental resolution: to cut through hesitation and move with determined energy. 1×
AR["انْتَبِهْ"]·ben["ত্বরিত-হও"]·DE["handle-decisively"]·EN["act-decisively"]·FR["agis-decisively"]·heb["תחרץ"]·HI["जल्दी-कर"]·ID["engkau-harus-bertindak-cepat"]·IT["agisci-decisively"]·jav["panjenengan-tumindak-cepet"]·KO["공격하라"]·PT["apressa-te"]·RU["действуй-решительно"]·ES["te-apresuras"]·SW["fanya-haraka"]·TR["harekete-geç"]·urd["جلدی-کر"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. חָרַץ vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, ZehnpfundBAS i. 502; Ph. חרץ decision, HoffmAGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jos 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ 1 K 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Ex 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ 2 S 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Is 10:22 Lv 22:22; pl. חֲרוּצִים Jb 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.)— 1. cut, mutilate Lv…