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H2659 H2659
V-Qal-Perf-3fs  |  17× in 2 senses
To be ashamed, confounded, or put to shame (Qal); to cause shame or bring disgrace upon someone (Hiphil).
A verb whose Qal stem expresses the intransitive experience of shame and humiliation, while its Hiphil stem turns the action outward -- causing another person disgrace. In the Qal, it nearly always appears alongside bosh ('be ashamed'), forming a powerful hendiadys of total disgrace (Ps 35:4, 26; 71:24; Isa 24:23; Mic 3:7). The cognate field is remarkably consistent: Aramaic khaphar, Syriac khpar, Arabic khafara, and Ethiopic khafara all cluster around bashfulness and shame. In the Hiphil, Proverbs uses it for concrete social disgrace -- a son who causes shame to his parents (Prov 19:26) or a wicked person who acts disgracefully (Prov 13:5). French 'avoir honte' and Spanish 'avergonzarse' render the Qal, while Spanish 'averguenza' captures the causative Hiphil force.

Senses
1. be ashamed or confounded To be ashamed, confounded, or put to shame -- the Qal intransitive experience of disgrace, humiliation, or disappointed hope. Nearly always paired with bosh in parallel (Ps 35:4, 26; 71:24; Mic 3:7; Isa 24:23), intensifying the expression of total shame. Job 6:20 uses it of caravans disappointed by dried-up wadis. French 'avoir honte' and Spanish 'avergonzarse/afrentada' consistently render this experiential, passive sense. 13×
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Shame and Reverence
AR["تَخْجَلُ", "خَجِلوا", "خَجِلَتْ", "فَانْكَسَروا", "وَ-تَخجَلُونَ", "وَ-خَجِلَتْ", "وَ-يَخْجَلوا", "وَ-يَخْجَلُ", "وَلِيَخْجَلُوا", "وَيَخْجَلونَ", "وَيَخْزَوْنَ", "وَيَخْزَى"]·ben["অপমানিত-হয়েছে", "এবং-অপমানিত-হবে", "এবং-তারা-লজ্জিত-হয়েছিল", "এবং-তারা-লজ্জিত-হোক", "ও-অপমানিত-হোক", "ও-বিভ্রান্ত-হল", "ও-লজ্জা-পাবে", "ও-লজ্জিত-হবে", "ও-লজ্জিত-হোক", "লজ্জিত"]·DE["[וחפרה]", "[וחפרו]", "[ויחפרו]", "[ותחפרו]", "[חפרה]", "lass-sein-ashamed", "sie-sind-confounded", "und-confounded", "und-lass-ihnen-sein-humiliated", "und-sein-confounded", "und-sein-setzen-zu-Schande", "und-setzen-zu-Schande"]·EN["And-shall-be-ashamed", "and-be-confounded", "and-be-put-to-shame", "and-confounded", "and-let-them-be-humiliated", "and-put-to-shame", "and-were-disappointed", "and-will-be-put-to-shame", "and-you-shall-be-confounded", "is-disgraced", "let-be-ashamed", "they-are-confounded"]·FR["avoir-honte", "et-avoir-honte", "et-être-confus", "et-ויחפרו", "être-confus"]·heb["ו-חפרה", "ו-חפרו", "ו-יחפרו", "ו-נכלמו", "ו-תחפרו", "חפרה", "חפרו", "יחפרו"]·HI["अपमानित-हुए", "और-कलंकित-हों", "और-तुम-शर्मिंदा-होओगे", "और-निराश-हुए", "और-निराश-हों", "और-लज्जित-होगा", "और-वे-निराशा-हों", "और-शर्मिंदा-होंगे", "और-हताश-हुई", "निराश-होगी", "लज्जित-हों"]·ID["Dan-akan-malu", "dan-biarlah-mendapat-kehinaan", "dan-biarlah-mereka-terhina", "dan-bingung", "dan-kamu-akan-dipermalukan", "dan-malu", "dan-terhina", "malu", "mendapat-kehinaan"]·IT["[וחפרו]", "e-e-were-disappointed", "e-fu-svergognato", "e-svergognarsi", "fu-svergognato", "svergognarsi"]·jav["isin", "lan-diisinaken", "lan-dipun-gugu", "lan-isin", "lan-panjenengan-badhé-isin", "lan-sami-kawirangan", "lan-wirang", "saha-isin", "sampun-isin"]·KO["그리고-당황하게-하소서", "그리고-당황하리니", "그리고-수치-당하리라", "그리고-수치당하리이다", "그리고-수치를-당했다", "그리고-수치스러웠다", "낭패케-하소서", "부끄럽게-하소서", "부끄럽지", "수치-당하게-되라", "수치-당하였나이다", "수치를-당할-것이라", "수치스러워하였다"]·PT["Afrontou-se", "E-envergonhar-se-á", "e-confundam-se", "e-confundidos", "e-confundidos-ficarão", "e-decepcionaram-se", "e-foi-confundida;", "e-sejam-confundidos", "e-sejam-humilhados", "e-sereis-envergonhados", "foram-humilhados", "sejam-envergonhadas"]·RU["и-будут-посрамлены", "и-да-посрамятся", "и-посрамитесь", "и-посрамлена", "и-посрамятся", "и-постыдится", "и-разочаровались", "опозорена", "посрамлены", "постыдятся"]·ES["Y-se-avergonzará", "afrentada", "fueron-avergonzados", "fueron-confundidos", "y-confundida", "y-confundidos", "y-fueron-confundidos", "y-humillados", "y-se-confundirán", "y-sean-confundidos", "y-sean-humillados", "y-seréis-confundidos"]·SW["amefedheheshwa", "na-kufedheheshwa", "na-mtaaibika", "na-utaaibika", "na-waaibike", "na-wafedheheshwe", "na-wakavunjika-moyo", "na-watafedheheshwa", "wamefedhehedheshwa", "ziaibike"]·TR["Ve-utanacak", "rezil-oldular", "utansın", "utanç-duydu", "ve-hayal-kırıklığına-uğradılar", "ve-mahcup-olacak", "ve-mahcup-olacaksınız", "ve-rezil-oldu", "ve-rezil-olsun", "ve-rezil-olsunlar", "ve-utanç-duysunlar"]·urd["اور-تم-شرمسار-ہو-گے", "اور-رسوا-ہوئی", "اور-رسوا-ہوئے", "اور-رُسوا-ہوں", "اور-رُسوا-ہوں-گے", "اور-شرمسار-ہوں", "اور-شرمندہ-ہوگا", "رسوا-ہوئی", "رسوا-ہوئے", "شرمندہ-ہوئے", "وَ-رسوا-ہوں"]
2. cause shame or reproach To cause shame, bring disgrace or reproach upon another -- the Hiphil causative sense. Proverbs employs it for social disgrace within families: a son who shames his father (Prov 19:26) and one who acts disgracefully (Prov 13:5). Isaiah 33:9 and 54:4 extend the causative force to lands and peoples brought to shame. Spanish 'averguenza' captures the active, outward-directed shaming that distinguishes this stem from the intransitive Qal.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Shame and Reverence
AR["تُعَيَّرِي", "خَجِلَ", "وَ-مُهينٌ", "وَ-يُخْزي"]·ben["এবং-লজ্জাজনক", "এবং-লজ্জাজনক-করে", "তুমি-লজ্জিত-হবে", "লজ্জিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["[החפיר]", "[ויחפיר]", "[ומחפיר]", "[תחפירי]"]·EN["and-bringing-reproach", "and-disgracefully", "is-put-to-shame", "you-will-be-disgraced"]·FR["avoir-honte", "et-ויחפיר", "et-ומחפיר"]·heb["החפיר", "ו-יחפיר", "ו-מחפיר", "תחפירי"]·HI["और-अपमान", "और-लज्जित-करता-है", "लज्जित-हुआ", "शर्मिन्दा-होगी"]·ID["Malu", "dan-memalukan", "dan-yang-mencemarkan", "kamu-akan-diaibkan"]·IT["e-e-bringing-reproach", "e-e-disgracefully", "svergognarsi"]·jav["isin", "lan-damel-nistha", "lan-ngawirangaken", "panjenengan-badhé-dipunisinaken"]·KO["그리고-수치스럽게한다", "부끄러워하였다", "수치스러워하리라", "수치스럽게-하는-자이니라"]·PT["e-envergonha", "e-humilhando", "envergonhou-se", "te-ruborizares"]·RU["будешь-опозорена", "и-позорит", "и-позорящий", "опозорен"]·ES["se-avergonzó", "serás-afrentada", "y-avergüenza", "y-deshonra"]·SW["Imeaibishwa", "na-fedheha", "tahayarika"]·TR["utandi", "ve-utandıran", "ve-utandırır", "yuz-kizaracaksin"]·urd["اور-رُسوائی-والا", "اور-شرمندہ-کرتا-ہے", "ذلیل-ہو-گی-تو", "شرمندہ-ہوا"]

Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [חָפֵר] vb. be abashed, ashamed (𝔗 חֲפַר Pr 13:5, מַחְפְּרָנָא one causing shame Pr 19:26; Syriac ܚܦܰܪ, especially Aph. be ashamed, put to shame; Arabic خَفَرَ / خَفِرَ be bashful, خَفِرٌ shy, bashful; Ethiopic ኀፈረ: be ashamed, blush)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָֽפְרָה Je 50:12; וְחָֽפְרָה consec. Is 24:23; וְחָפֵ֑רָה Je 15:9; חָֽפְרוּ ψ 71:24; וְחָֽפְרוּ consec. Mi 3:7; Impf. יַחְפְּרוּ ψ 35:4 + 4