H1986 H1986
To strike, hammer, or beat; by extension, to overcome or stagger, as one struck down by wine or force.
A forceful verb evoking the heavy blow of a hammer or mallet. Its most vivid appearance is in the Song of Deborah, where Jael hammers a tent peg through Sisera's skull (Judg 5:26), and in the same poem the hooves of galloping horses pound the ground (Judg 5:22). The Phoenician cognate mahlam confirms the root's association with hammering. Beyond literal striking, the word extends to the reeling stagger of those overcome by wine (Isa 28:1) or the surging movement of a crowd (1 Sam 14:16), where the blow is metaphorical but the impact is just as disorienting.
Senses
1. strike, beat, hammer — The primary sense of delivering a physical blow -- striking, beating, or hammering with force. Jael hammers the tent peg through Sisera's temple (Judg 5:26, paired with machaq and machats for devastating effect), horse hooves pound the battlefield (Judg 5:22), and the psalmist welcomes a righteous man's corrective blow (Ps 141:5). Psalm 74:6 describes the smashing of carved panels with axes. The Spanish golpear and the consistent translation evidence point to violent, directed impact. 7×
AR["الضَّارِبَ","دَقَّتْ","ضَرَبُوا","لَكَمُونِي","لِيَضْرِبْنِي-","وَ-ضَرَبَتْ","يَحْطِمونَ"]·ben["আঘাত-করল","আঘাত-করুক-আমাকে-","এবং-আঘাত-করল","তারা-আমাকে-আঘাত-করেছে","তারা-ভেঙ্গে-ফেলে।","যে-আঘাত-করে"]·DE["[הולם]","[הלמו]","[הלמוני]","lass-schlagen-mich","pounded","sie-smash","und-sie-hammered"]·EN["and-she-hammered","let-strike-me","pounded","saying","struck-down","they-beat-me","they-smash"]·FR["[הולם]","[הלמו]","et-elle-hammered","frapper","frapper-moi","pounded"]·heb["הולם","הלמו","הלמוני","ו-הלמה","יהלמון","יהלמני"]·HI["और-मारा-उसने","तोड़-दी","पीटा-है-मुझे","पीटे","मारने-वाला","मारे-मुझे"]·ID["biarlah-memukul-aku-","dan-memukullah-ia","memukullah","mereka-memukul","mereka-menghancurkan","meremukkan","yang-memukul"]·IT["[יהלמון]","[יהלמני]","colpire","e-ella-hammered","essi-beat-me-mio","pounded"]·jav["Mugi-dipungebŭg-kula-","ingkang-nggebug","kawula-dipungebugi","lan-nuthuk","nuthuk","sampun-nggebag","tiyang-tiyang-meremuk"]·KO["그리고-쳤다","꺾었으니","나-를-치게-하라","두드렸다","매맸으나-나를","쳐부수나이다","치는-자를"]·PT["Fira-me","bateram-me","destroçam","e-martelou","golpearam","martelaram","o-que-golpeia"]·RU["бьющего","и-ударила","избили-меня","побили","пусть-поразит-меня-","разбивают","стучали"]·ES["Que-me-golpee-","golpeador","golpean","golpearon","me-azotaron","y-golpeó"]·SW["anayepiga","mwenye-haki-anipige","na-akampiga","walinichapa","wameyavunja","wanavunja","zilipiga"]·TR["dövüldler-beni","dövüldü","parçalarlar","ve-çaldı","vurana","vurdular","vursun-beni-"]·urd["اور-مارا-اُس-نے","بجے","مارے-مجھے","وہ-ٹوڑتے-ہیں","پیٹا-مجھے","پیٹنے-والے","کچلا"]
2. overcome, stagger (metaphorical) — An extended metaphorical sense of being overcome, staggered, or beaten down -- not by a physical hammer but by an overwhelming force. Isaiah 28:1 uses the Qal passive participle halumei to describe Ephraim's leaders as 'smitten by wine,' reeling drunkards whose judgment is impaired. In 1 Samuel 14:16, the verb captures the swaying, surging movement of a disintegrating army. The shift from tool-on-object to force-on-person marks a meaningful metaphorical extension from hammering to overwhelming. 2×
AR["مَضْرُوبِي","وَ-يَضْطَرِبُ"]·ben["আঘাতপ্রাপ্ত","আর-ছুটছিল"]·DE["[הלומי]","und-swaying"]·EN["and-swaying","with-wine"]·FR["[הלומי]","et-vacillant"]·heb["הלומי","ו-הלום"]·HI["और-इधर","मारे-हुए"]·ID["ke-sana-ke-mari","orang-orang-yang-mabuk"]·IT["colpire","e-swaying"]·jav["lan-mriki","tiyang-ingkang-dipun-kalahaken-kalayan"]·KO["그리고-이리저리","취하여-맞은-자들의"]·PT["atingidos-por","e-vinha"]·RU["и-сюда","поражённых-"]·ES["vencidos-de","y-acá"]·SW["na-kwenda","walioshindwa-na"]·TR["ve-öteye","vurulanlari"]·urd["اِدھر-اُدھر","مارے-ہوئے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [הָלַם] vb. smite, hammer, strike down (cf. Ph. מהלם infr. sub מַהֲלֻמוֹת);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְהָֽלְמָה consec. Ju 5:26; 3 pl. הָֽלְמוּ Ju 5:22 Is 16:8; sf. הֲלָמוּנִי Pr 23:35; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יֶהֶלְמֵנִי ψ 141:5; 3 mpl. יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן ψ 74:6; Pt. act. ה֫וֹלֶם פָּ֑עַם Is 41:7 (cf. Ges§ 29, 3 b); pass. cstr. הֲלוּמֵי Is 28:1;—smite (with hammer), sq. acc. pers. Ju 5:26 (fatally; ‖ מָחַק, מָחַץ);…