H1421 H1421
revilings, insults—scornful, abusive words against persons or God
This masculine plural noun denotes reviling words, insults, or verbal abuse. It appears three times in prophetic contexts, always paired with related terms of reproach (ḥerpah, 'disgrace'). Isaiah uses it for insults hurled between humans (43:28) and for scorn directed at God's people that they should not fear (51:7). Zephaniah 2:8 applies it to Moab's taunts against Judah. The root suggests blasphemous or contemptuous speech that dishonors its target. This is stronger than mere criticism—it denotes actively scornful, degrading language.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Reviling words or insults, appearing three times in Isaiah and Zephaniah. Always used in parallel with ḥerpah ('reproach/disgrace'): Isaiah 43:28 pairs it with ḥerem ('destruction'), Isaiah 51:7 assures the faithful not to fear these revilings, and Zephaniah 2:8 refers to Moab's taunts. Cross-linguistic evidence shows: English 'revilings/revilings of,' Spanish 'insultos/injurias/ultrajes,' French 'reproche,' German uses brackets. The prepositions ('to/from/of revilings') indicate these are verbal assaults directed at God's people or sanctuary. This is vocabulary of verbal abuse and contemptuous speech. 3×
AR["لِلتَّجْدِيفِ", "وَ-مِنْ-شَتَائِمِهِمْ", "وَشَتَائِمَ"]·ben["-এবং-তাদের-গালাগালি-থেকে", "এবং-নিন্দা", "নিন্দার-জন্য"]·DE["[וגדופי]", "[ומגדפתם]", "[לגדופים]"]·EN["and-from-their-revilings", "and-the-revilings-of", "to-revilings"]·FR["[ומגדפתם]", "[לגדופים]", "et-reproche"]·heb["ו-גידופי", "ו-מ-גידופותם", "ל-גידופים"]·HI["और-उनकी-गालियों-से", "और-ताने", "को-निन्दाओं"]·ID["dan-dari-nista-mereka", "dan-penghinaan", "untuk-penghinaan"]·IT["[וגדופי]", "[ומגדפתם]", "[לגדופים]"]·jav["kanggé-pangina-ina", "lan-palanganipun", "lan-saking-pangece-ipun"]·KO["그리고-그들의-모욕을", "그리고-조롱을", "에-모욕"]·PT["e-blasfêmias-de", "e-de-suas-injurias", "para-insultos"]·RU["и-от-злословий-их", "и-руганья", "на-поругания"]·ES["a-insultos", "y-de-sus-injurias", "y-ultrajes-de"]·SW["kwa-kashfa", "na-matukano-yao", "na-shutuma-za"]·TR["kucultuculuklere", "ve-hakaretlerini", "ve-sovdurmelerinden"]·urd["اور-اُن-کی-برائیوں-سے", "اور-گالیاں", "رسوائیوں-کو"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† גִּדּוּפִים n.m.pl. revilings, reviling words—ג׳ Is 43:28; cstr. גִּדֻּפֵי Zp 2:8; sf. גִּדֻּפֹתָם Is 51:7 between men, Is 43:28 (‖ חֵרֶם); 51:7 Zp 2:8 (both ‖ חֶרְפָּה).