H1305 H1305
To purify, select, or refine — encompassing moral purging, choosing the best, and sharpening weapons
Barar spans a vivid semantic range from the refiner's fire to the warrior's whetstone. In its reflexive stems (Niphal, Hitpael), it describes showing oneself pure before God — 'with the pure you show yourself pure' (2 Sam 22:27; Ps 18:26). God himself will 'purge out' rebels from among Israel (Ezek 20:38). As a Qal passive participle, it shifts toward selection and quality: chosen warriors (1 Chr 7:40; 9:22), choice sheep prepared for the governor's table (Neh 5:18), and words that are 'pure' or clear (Job 33:3). In the Hiphil, it takes on a sharply physical sense: sharpening arrows for battle (Jer 51:11). Spanish 'purificados/escogidos/afilen' traces each sense distinctly.
Senses
1. be pure / purify — To be pure, purify oneself, or purge out — used in reflexive and causative stems for moral and ritual cleansing. In Ps 18:26 and 2 Sam 22:27, God shows himself pure to the pure-hearted. Ezekiel 20:38 uses the verb for God's sovereign act of purging rebels from among his people. The Spanish 'purificados' and 'limpiar' capture the refining dimension. Dan 12:10 extends this to eschatological testing. 10×
AR["الطَّاهِرِ", "النَّقِيِّ", "تَتَنَقَّى", "تَطَهَّرُوا", "تَكُونُ-طَاهِرًا", "لِـ-تَنْقِيَةٍ", "لِيَمْتَحِنَهُمُ", "وَ-لِـ-يُنَقُّوا", "وَأُنَقِّي", "يَتَنَقَّوْنَ"]·ben["আপনি-শুদ্ধতা-দেখান", "এবং-বাদ-দেব-আমি", "ও-শুদ্ধ-করতে", "তুমি-শুদ্ধ-হবে", "পরিষ্কার-করার-জন্য", "পরীক্ষা-করতে", "শুদ্ধ", "শুদ্ধ-হও", "শুদ্ধ-হবে"]·DE["You-zeige-Yourself-rein", "[הברו]", "[וברותי]", "[ולברר]", "[יתבררו]", "[לברם]", "[להבר]", "der-rein", "du-show-dich-selbst-rein", "rein"]·EN["You-show-Yourself-pure", "and-I-will-purge-out", "and-to-purify", "pure", "purify-yourselves", "shall-be-purified", "the-pure", "to-cleanse", "to-test-them", "you-show-yourself-pure"]·FR["Tu-montre-Yourself-pur", "[הברו]", "[להבר]", "et-purifier", "pur", "purifier", "à-לברם-eux", "éprouver"]·heb["היברו", "ו-ברותי", "ו-ל-ברר", "יתבררו", "ל-ברם", "ל-הבר", "נבר", "תתבר", "תתברר"]·HI["और-छाँटूँगा-मैं", "और-छान्टने-को", "परखने-को-उन्हें", "शुद्ध", "शुद्ध-करने-के-लिए", "शुद्ध-किए-जाएँगे", "शुद्ध-है", "शुद्ध-होगा"]·ID["Akan-dimurnikan", "Engkau-menunjukkan-diri-murni", "Engkau-menunjukkan-murni", "dan-Aku-akan-memisahkan", "dan-untuk-membersihkan", "tahirkanlah-dirimu", "untuk-Allah-menguji-mereka", "untuk-membersihkan", "yang-murni"]·IT["You-mostra-Yourself-puro", "[הברו]", "[וברותי]", "[ולברר]", "[יתבררו]", "[להבר]", "per-a-test-loro-loro", "purifico'", "puro"]·jav["Lan-Aku-badhé-nyaring", "Panjenengan-nedahaken-kamurnen", "Panjenengan-tumindak-murni", "badhé-dipun-sucèkaken", "kangge-ngresiki", "kangge-nguji-sami", "lan-kangge-murnekaken", "sucèkna", "tiyang-ingkang-murni", "tiyang-murni"]·KO["그리고-에-정화하려고", "그리고-정화하리라", "순수하게-행하시나이다", "순수한-자-와", "시험하기-위해-그들을", "에-정하게-하기-위해", "정결하게-하신다", "정결하라", "정결한-자", "정화되리라"]·PT["Serão-purificados", "e-para-refinrar", "e-separarei", "mostras-te-puro", "o-puro", "para-limpar", "para-prová-los", "purificai-vos", "te-mostras-puro"]·RU["Очистятся", "Ты-чист", "и-очищу", "и-чтобы-очистить", "очиститесь", "поступаешь-чисто", "чистым", "чтобы-очистить-их", "чтобы-очищать"]·ES["Serán-purificados", "Y-apartaré", "para-limpiar", "para-probarlos", "purificaos", "puro", "te-muestras-puro", "y-para-limpiar"]·SW["Na-nitawachuja", "jitakaseni", "kusafisha", "kuwajaribu", "na-kutakasa", "safi", "unajionyesha-safi", "utajionyesha-safi", "wengi-watajisafisha"]·TR["arinini", "arındırılacaklar", "saf", "saf-davranırsın", "sinayacak-onlari", "temiz", "temiz-göstereceksin-kendini", "temizlemek-için", "ve-ayıklayacağım", "ve-le-temizlemek"]·urd["آزمائے", "اور-پاک-کرنے-کے-لیے", "اور-چھانٹ-دوں-گا", "تُو-پاک-دکھاتا-ہے", "تُو-پاکیزگی-دکھاتا-ہے", "صاف-کرنے-کو", "پاک-کے", "پاک-ہو", "پاک-ہوں-گے"]
2. chosen, select, choice — Chosen, select, of the finest quality — the Qal passive participle functioning adjectivally. In 1 Chr 7:40 and 9:22, warriors are described as 'chosen' men. Nehemiah 5:18 lists 'choice' sheep prepared daily. Job 33:3 speaks of words that are 'pure' — carefully selected and clear. The Spanish 'escogidos' distinguishes this selection sense from purification, while the underlying image of sifting connects the two. 7×
AR["المُخْتَارُونَ", "الْمُخْتَارِينَ", "مَصْقُولٍ", "مُختارونَ", "مُخْتارَةٌ", "نَقِيَّةً", "نَقِيّاً"]·ben["পরিষ্কৃত", "বেছে-নেওয়া", "মনোনীত", "মনোনীতরা", "শুদ্ধ", "স্পষ্টভাবে"]·DE["[ברור]", "[ברורה]", "[ברורים]", "[בררות]", "[הברורים]"]·EN["choice", "chosen", "polished", "pure", "purely", "the-chosen"]·FR["[ברור]", "[ברורים]", "[בררות]", "[הברורים]", "purifier", "ברור"]·heb["ברור", "ברורה", "ברורים", "בררות", "ה-ברורים"]·HI["-के-चुने-हुए", "चमकीला", "चुने-हुए", "शुद्ध", "शुद्ध।"]·ID["murni", "pilihan", "terpilih", "yang-berkilau", "yang-terpilih"]·IT["[ברור]", "[ברורה]", "[ברורים]", "[בררות]", "[הברורים]", "purely"]·jav["cetha", "ingkang-kapilih", "ingkang-pilihan", "kang-resik", "kapilih", "kling", "pilihan"]·KO["광채나는", "그-선택된-자들", "깨끗한", "선택된", "선택된-것들", "순수하게"]·PT["escolhidas", "escolhidos", "os-escolhidos", "polida", "puramente", "puro"]·RU["·-избранные", "избранные", "отборных", "отшлифованной", "чистое", "чистый"]·ES["escogidas", "escogidos", "los-escogidos", "pulida", "puramente", "puro"]·SW["bora", "kwa-uwazi", "safi", "uliosafishwa", "waliochaguliwa", "wateule"]·TR["açıkça", "cilali", "seçilenler", "seçilenlerin", "seçilmiş", "seçme", "temiz"]·urd["صاف", "پاک", "چمکدار", "چنے-ہوئے", "چُنے-ہوئے"]
3. sharpen, polish — To sharpen or polish weapons — the Hiphil stem in its most concrete, physical application. In Jer 51:11, the Lord commands: 'Sharpen the arrows!' as Babylon's judgment approaches. The Spanish 'afilen' (sharpen/hone) captures this martial sense precisely. This single occurrence preserves the word's connection to material craftsmanship. 1×
AR["جَهِّزُوا"]·ben["ধারালো-কর"]·DE["[הברו]"]·EN["sharpen"]·FR["[הברו]"]·heb["הברו"]·HI["तेज-करो"]·ID["tajamkanlah"]·IT["[הברו]"]·jav["Lanciping-na"]·KO["날카롭게-하라"]·PT["Polir"]·RU["Острите"]·ES["afilen"]·SW["Inueni-mshale"]·TR["keskinleştirin"]·urd["تیز-کرو"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [בָּרַר] vb. purify, select (cf. Assyrian barâru, be shining, in deriv. ZimBP 46, 73 Belser BAS ii. 154; Arabic بِرٌّ pious, kind, true; بَرَّ he was pious, good, virtuous, honest)— Qal Pf. בָּרוֹתִי Ez 20:38; Inf. sf. לְבָרָם Ec 3:18, Ges§ 67 p; cf. לָבוּר 9:1 (si vera l.) as metaplastic form, but on text vid. בּוּר" dir="rtl" >בּוּר supra p. 101; Pt. pass. m. בָּרוּר Jb 33:3 + 4 times; f.…