H1219 H1219
To cut off or make inaccessible by fortifying; also to gather grapes, harvest a vineyard
Two strikingly different concrete images live under one root. In its most frequent use, the word describes cities that are 'fortified' -- walled, cut off, inaccessible -- as when the spies report that Canaan's cities are 'great and fortified' (Deut 1:28). The agricultural sense is equally vivid: gathering grapes at vintage, as in Leviticus 25:5 and Judges 9:27. What links them is the act of cutting -- cutting stone for walls, cutting clusters from the vine. German 'befestigt' captures the fortification, while Spanish 'vendimiar' preserves the vintage sense that French 'fortifie' inadvertently absorbs.
1. fortified, inaccessible — The participial-adjectival use describing cities, walls, and strongholds as fortified and inaccessible. The spies' terrified report in Numbers 13:28 and Deuteronomy 1:28 -- cities 'great and fortified up to heaven' -- is paradigmatic. Twenty-five occurrences cluster in Deuteronomy and the conquest narratives. Spanish 'fortificada' and German 'befestigt' both reflect the military-architectural sense of a place cut off from assault. 25×
AR["الـ-مُحَصَّنَةِ","المُحَصَّنَةِ","الْحَصِينَةَ","الْمُحَصَّنَةِ","حَصِينًا","حَصِينٍ","حَصِينَةً","حَصِينَةٌ","حَصِينَةٍ","مُحَصَّنةً","مُحَصَّنَاتٍ","مُحَصَّنَةً","مُحَصَّنَةٌ","وَ-مُحَصَّنَةٌ","وَمُحَصَّنَةً"]·ben["-সুরক্ষিত","এবং-দুর্গ-প্রাচীরবিশিষ্ট","এবং-দুর্গ-বেষ্টিত","দুর্গ-বেষ্টিত","দুর্গযুক্ত","দুর্গযুক্তের","দৃঢ়","দৃঢ়-প্রাচীরবিশিষ্ট","প্রাচীরবদ্ধ","প্রাচীরবেষ্টিত","প্রাচীরযুক্ত","সুরক্ষিত"]·DE["[בצרות]","befestigt","fortified","und-fortified"]·EN["a-ruin","and-captured-them","and-fortified","city","fortified","the-fortified"]·FR["et-fortifié","fortifier","fortifié","retrancher"]·heb["בצורה","בצורות","בצרות","ה-בצורות","ה-בצרות","ו-בצורות"]·HI["और-किलेबन्द","और-दीवार-वाले","किलेबन्द","किलेवालों-के","गढ़","गढ़-वाले","गढ़वाला","गढ़े-हुए","गढ़ों","गढ़ोंमें","दीवारों-से","दृढ़","मजबूत"]·ID["berbenteng","berkubu","dan-bertembok","dan-yang-berbenteng","yang-berbenteng","yang-berkubu"]·IT["e-fortified","fortificare","fortificato","fortified"]·jav["benteng","bètèng","bètèng-bètèng","dipunkutha-bentèngi","ingkang-kabeteng","ingkang-kabètèng","ingkang-kiyat","ingkang-kukuh","ingkang-santosa","ingkang-sentosa","kabenteng","kakiyatan","kang-dipun-bèténg","kang-kukuh","kukuh","lan-dipunkutha-bentèngi","lan-kabenteng"]·KO["견고한","그-견고한","그리고-견고한","요새한","요새화된"]·PT["as-fortificadas","e-fortificadas","fortificada","fortificadas","fortificado;"]·RU["а-укреплённых","и-укреплённые","укреплённой","укреплённую","укреплённые","укреплённый","укреплёнными","укреплённых"]·ES["fortificada","fortificadas","fortificado","las-fortificadas","y-fortificadas"]·SW["habּtsurwot","imejengwa-ngome","kumkamata","na-yenye-ngome","wenye-ngome","wenye-nguvu","yenye-ngome"]·TR["berkitilmis","müstahkem","sağlam","surlu","surlıların","ve-surlu"]·urd["اور-فصیل-دار","اور-مضبوط","قلعہ-بند","مضبوط"]
Num 13:28, Deut 1:28, Deut 3:5, Deut 9:1, Deut 28:52, Josh 14:12, 2 Sam 20:6, 2 Kgs 18:13, 2 Kgs 19:25, 2 Chr 17:2, 2 Chr 19:5, 2 Chr 32:1 (+13 more)
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
2. gather grapes, vintage — The agricultural Qal: gathering or harvesting grapes from the vine. Leviticus 25:5, 11 prohibit vintage during Sabbath and Jubilee years; Judges 9:27 records Shechem's grape harvest; Jeremiah 6:9 and 49:9 use 'grape-gatherer' as a figure. Spanish 'vendimiar' and German 'Winzer' (vintner) preserve the agrarian specificity, connecting to the broader biblical vocabulary of vineyard and harvest. 7×
amh["ወይን-ለቃሚዎች"]·AR["تَقْطِفُ","تَقْطِفُوا","تَقْطِفْ","فَـ-قَطَفُوا","قاطفو","قَاطِفُونَ","كَـ-قَاطِفٍ"]·ben["আঙুর-তোল","আঙুর-সংগ্রাহকের-মতো","আঙ্গুর-চয়নকারীরা","এবং-আঙুর-তুলল","দ্রাক্ষা-সংগ্রাহক","সংগ্রহ-করবে","সংগ্রহ-করবে;"]·ces["sbrzeči"]·dan["vindruehøstere"]·DE["Winzer","befestigt","du-sammeln","du-soll-sammeln","und-sammelte"]·ell["τρυγητές"]·EN["and-gathered","as-grape-gatherer","grape-gatherers","you-gather","you-shall-gather"]·FR["et-rassembla","fortifié","tu-devra-rassembler","tu-rassembler","vendangeurs"]·guj["દ્રાક્ષ-વીણનારાઓ"]·hat["rekoltè"]·hau["masu-girbin-inabi"]·heb["בוצרים","ו-בצרו","כ-בוצר","תבצור","תבצר","תבצרו"]·HI["अंगूर-चुनने-वाले","और-तोड़े","जैसे-अंगूर-तोड़नेवाला","तुम तोड़ोगे","तू तोड़ेगा","तोड़ेगा","दाख-तोड़ने-वाले"]·hun["szüretelők"]·ID["dan-mereka-memetik","engkau-memetik-buah-anggur","kamu-memetik","kamu-petik","pemetik-anggur","pemetik-pemetik-anggur","seperti-pemetik-anggur"]·IT["e-radunò","fortificato","tu-dovra-radunare","tu-radunare","vendemmiatori"]·jav["kados-juru-undhén-anggur","lan-unduh","panjenengan-unduh","sami-unduh","sira-unduh;","tiyang-ngundhuhi-anggur","tukang-unduh"]·JA["ぶどう摘み-が"]·KO["그리고-거두었다","너는-따라","너희는-따라","따면","포도-따는-자들이","포도-따는-자처럼","포도-수확자들이"]·mar["द्राक्ष-तोडणारे"]·mya["စပျစ်သိမ်းသူများ"]·nld["druivenplukkers"]·nor["drueplukkere"]·pnb["انگور-توڑن-والے"]·pol["zbieracze-winogron"]·PT["como-vindimador","e-vindimaram","vindimadores","vindimareis","vindimares","vindimarás"]·ron["culegători-de-struguri"]·RU["будешь-собирать","и-собрали","как-собиратель","сборщики-винограда","собирай","собирайте"]·ES["como-vendimiador","vendimiadores","vendimiarás","vendimiaréis","vendimies","y-vendimiaron"]·SW["kama-mvunaji-wa-zabibu","mtachuma","na-wakakata-zabibu","utachuma","wavunaji-wa-zabibu","wavunaji-zabibu"]·swe["vinskördare"]·tam["திராட்சை-பறிப்போர்"]·tel["ద్రాక్షపండ్లు-కోయువారు"]·tgl["mga-mamimitas-ng-ubas"]·TH["ผู้เก็บองุ่น"]·TR["bağ-bözümcüleri","bağcı-gibi","bağcılar","keseceksin","keseceksiniz","toplarsan","ve-devşirdiler"]·ukr["збирачі-винограду"]·urd["انگور-چننے-والے","اور-توڑے","توڑو-گے","توڑے-انگور","توڑے-گا","مانند-انگور-توڑنے-والے-کے"]·VI["kẻ-hái-nho"]·yor["akórẹ̀-àjàrà"]·yue["摘葡萄-嘅人"]·ZH["摘葡萄的人"]
3. be withheld / fortify — The derived verbal stems: Niphal 'be withheld, be impossible' and Piel 'fortify, strengthen defenses.' Genesis 11:6 declares that nothing will 'be withheld' from unified humanity; Job 42:2 confesses that no purpose of God can be restrained. Isaiah 22:10 uses the Piel for actively strengthening a wall. Spanish 'es impedido' and German 'wird unerreichbar sein' mark the shift from physical fortification to abstract impossibility. 4×
AR["تُحَصِّنْ","لِتَحْصِينِ","يَسْتَعْصِي","يُمْنَعُ"]·ben["-শক্ত-করতে","নিবারিত-হয়","বাধা-পড়বে","সে-দুর্গম-করে"]·DE["[יבצר]","befestigt","wird-unerreichbar-sein"]·EN["is-withheld","she-should-fortify","to-fortify","will-be-withheld"]·FR["--être-withheld","fortifié","יבצר"]·heb["יבצר","ייבצר","ל-בצר","תבצר"]·HI["मजबूत-करने-के-लिए","रोक-जयेग","रोकी-जा-सकती","वह-मजबूत-करे"]·ID["akan-terhalangi","ia-membentengi","tertahan","untuk-memperkuat"]·IT["fortificato","is-withheld","will-essere-withheld"]·jav["badhé-kacegah","piyambakipun-nguwaosaken","saged-dipunalang-alangi","supados-nguataken"]·KO["견고하게-하려고","막히리라","막히지","요새화하리라-그녀가"]·PT["fortificar","para-fortificar","será-impedido","é-impedido"]·RU["будет-недоступно","недостижим","укрепил","чтобы-укрепить"]·ES["es-impedido","fortifique","para-fortificar","será-impedido"]·SW["inazuiliwa","itaimarisha","kitakachozuiliwa","kuimarisha"]·TR["engellenebilir","engellenecek","guclendirmek-icin","güçlendirse"]·urd["روکا-جائے-گا","مشکل-ہے","مضبوط-کرنے-کے-لیے","مضبوط-کرے"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H1129 1. Qal: build, construct (316×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [בָּצַר] vb. cut off, make inaccessible (especially by fortifying), enclose (NH id., Aramaic בְּצַר, ܒܨܰܪ (Pa. diminish, subtract), perhaps cf. Arabic بُصْرٌ side, edge, بِصْرٌ, etc., rough stone, أَرْضٌ بَصِرَةٌ land in wh. are sharp stones (cf. Lane))— Qal Impf. יִבְצֹר ψ 76:13; 2 ms. תִּבְצֹר Lv 25:5 Dt 24:21, וַיִּבְצְרוּ Ju 9:27, תִּבְצְרוּ Lv 25:11; Pt. act. בּוֹצֵר Je 6:9, בֹּֽצְרִים Je…