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H0693 H0693
V-Qal-Imperf.Cohort-1cp  |  41× in 3 senses
Lie in wait, ambush; to lurk with hostile intent, or the ambush party itself
A verb of stealth and hostile intent, 'arav describes the concealed predator poised to strike. Its range runs from the literal military ambush -- as in Joshua 8, where Israel sets an elaborate ambush against Ai -- to the metaphorical lurking of the wicked, who 'lie in wait like a lion in a thicket' (Ps 10:9). Proverbs uses it for the enticements of sinners: 'let us lie in wait for blood' (Prov 1:11). The Qal participle frequently substantivizes into 'the ambush' or 'the ambushers,' and Spanish neatly distinguishes between 'acechar' (to stalk) and 'emboscada' (ambush party).

Senses
1. lie in wait, lurk The basic verbal action of concealing oneself to attack by surprise. Deuteronomy 19:11 legislates the case of one who 'lies in wait' for a neighbor, while Judges 16:2 describes the Gazites lying in wait for Samson. Psalm 10:9 uses the vivid simile of a lion lurking in its den. The Qal imperfect and participle forms dominate, with Proverbs 1:11 and 1:18 extending the image to moral enticement. 21×
VIOLENCE_CONFLICT Hostility, Strife Ambush Lurk
AR["تَتَرَبَّصُ", "تَتَرَبَّصْ", "فَـ-كَمَنَ", "فَـ-كَمَنُوا", "كَامِنٌ", "كَمينُ-", "كَمَنتُ", "كَمَنوا", "كَمَنُوا", "لِـ-نَكْمُنْ", "لِـ-يَكْمُنَ", "وَ-اكْمُنْ", "وَ-كَمَنُوا-", "وَاكْمِنُوا", "وَيَكْمُنُ", "يَكْمُنُ", "يَكْمُنُونَ", "يَكْمِنُونَ"]·ben["এবং-অপেক্ষায়-থাকল", "এবং-ওঁত-পাতলেন", "এবং-ওঁত-পাতো", "এবং-তারা-ওঁত-পাতল", "এবং-সে-ঘাপটি-পাতে", "ওঁত-পাতি", "ওঁত-পাতে", "ওঁত-পেতে-থাকে-", "ওত-পাতে", "ওত-পাতো", "ওৎ-পেতেছিলাম", "ঘাতি-পেতে-ছিল-তারা", "ঘাতী-হতে", "তারা-ঘাতি-পাতেছে", "ব-হ-দ্রাক্ষাক্ষেতে", "লুকিয়ে-থাকা", "সে-ঘাঁটিতে-থাকে"]·DE["[ארב]", "[ארבו]", "[ארבתי]", "[יארבו]", "[נארבה]", "[תארב]", "er-lauert", "sie-lagern-in-warten", "und-lag-in-warten", "und-liegen-in-warten", "und-liegt-in-warten", "wie-eins-liegend-in-wait"]·EN["I-have-lurked", "and-lay-in-wait", "and-lie-in-wait", "and-lies-in-wait", "as-one-lying-in-wait", "he-lurks", "let-us-lie-in-wait", "lie-in-wait", "lie-in-wait-for", "lies-in-wait", "lying-in-wait", "they-lay-in-wait", "they-lie-in-wait"]·FR["[ארב]", "[ארבו]", "comme-un-étendu-dans-attends", "embuscade", "et-se-coucha-dans-attendre", "et-se-couche-dans-wait", "et-se-coucher-dans-attendre"]·heb["אורב", "ארב־", "ארבו", "ארבתי", "ו-ארב", "ו-ארבו", "ו-ארבתם", "ו-ארוב", "יארבו", "יארוב", "יארובו", "ל-אורב", "נארוב", "תארוב"]·HI["और-घात-में-बैठे", "और-घात-लगा", "और-घात-लगाए", "और-घात-लगाएगा", "और-घात-लगाओ", "और-घात-लगाया", "घत-मेइन-बैथने-के-लिये", "घात", "घात-में-बैठा-मैं", "घात-में-बैठा-हुआ", "घात-में-लग", "घात-में-लगती-है", "घात-लगाए", "घात-लगाए-हैं-वे", "घात-लगाएँ", "घात-लगाते-हैं", "वह-घात-लगाता-है"]·ID["Ia-mengintai", "aku mengintai", "dan-bersembunyilah", "dan-dia-menghadang", "dan-menghadang", "dan-mengintai", "dan-mengintai-", "dan-mereka-menghadang", "ia-mengintai", "mari-kita-mengintai", "mengintai", "mengintai-", "mereka-menghadang", "sebagai-penghadang", "yang-mengintai"]·IT["Io-have-lurked", "[ארב]", "[ארבו]", "[יארבו]", "agguato", "come-uno-giacendo-in-aspetta", "e-giace-in-attendere", "e-lay-in-aspettare", "e-lie-in-aspettare", "let-noi-lie-in-wait", "lie-in-wait", "lie-in-wait-per", "lies-in-wait"]·jav["Nyengkerem", "ingkang-ngintip", "kangge-ngintip", "kula-ngentosi", "lan-ngadhang", "lan-ngintip", "lan-ngintip-", "lan-ngintipa", "ngadang", "ngintip", "nyengkerem", "piyambakipun-sami-ngintip", "saking-para-tiyang"]·KO["그들-이-매복했네", "그리고-매복하고", "그리고-매복하라", "그리고-매복했다", "내가-매복하였다", "매복-이다", "매복하나", "매복하는", "매복하려고", "매복하였도다", "매복하자", "매복하지", "매복한다", "숨어있나이다"]·PT["Arma-ciladas", "arma-ciladas", "armam-emboscada", "de-emboscada", "e-embosca", "e-emboscai", "e-emboscar", "e-emboscaram", "e-emboscaram-", "e-emboscou", "embosca", "emboscada-de", "emboscaram", "embosquemos", "embosques", "espreitam", "espreitei", "para-emboscada"]·RU["для-засады", "засада-", "засадай", "и-подстерегали-", "и-подстережёт", "и-устроил-засаду", "и-устроили-засаду", "и-устрой-засаду", "и-устройте-засаду", "подстерегает", "подстерегал-я", "подстерегали", "подстерегают", "подстерегающий", "устраивают-засаду,", "устроим-засаду"]·ES["Acecha", "acecha", "acechan", "acecharon", "acechemos", "aceches", "acechí", "nos-pusieron-emboscada", "para-acechar", "que-acecha", "y-acecharéis", "y-aceche", "y-embosca", "y-emboscaron", "y-emboscó", "y-pusieron-emboscada"]·SW["Anavizia", "anavizia", "anayevizia", "huvizia", "kuvizia", "na-akamvizia", "na-akavizia", "na-muvizie", "na-mvizie", "na-wakamvizia", "na-wakavizia", "ni-kuvizia", "nimevizia", "tuvizie", "vizie", "walituvizia", "wamenivizia", "wanavizia"]·TR["-pusu-kurarak", "-pusu-kurmaya", "pusu-", "pusu-kuralım", "pusu-kurar", "pusu-kurarlar", "pusu-kurdular", "pusu-kurduysam", "pusuya-yat", "pusuya-yatan", "pusuya-yatar", "pusuya-yattılar", "ve-pusu-kur", "ve-pusu-kurarsa", "ve-pusu-kurdu", "ve-pusu-kurdular", "ve-pusu-kurdular-", "ve-pusuya-yatın"]·urd["اور-غات-لگائے", "اور-گھات-لگا", "اور-گھات-لگاؤ", "اور-گھات-لگائی", "اور-گھات-لگائے", "میں نے گھات لگائی", "وہ-گھات-لگاتا-ہے", "گَھات-لگائے", "گھات-لگا", "گھات-لگائیں", "گھات-لگاتی-ہے", "گھات-لگاتے-ہیں", "گھات-لگانے", "گھات-میں-بیٹھا", "گھات-میں-بیٹھے", "گھات-ہیں"]
2. ambush, ambush party The substantive use of the Qal participle ('orev) as a noun denoting the ambush force, the ambush position, or the act of ambushing. Joshua 8 alone accounts for most occurrences (vv. 2, 4, 7, 12, 14, 19, 21), where the detailed ambush strategy against Ai is narrated. Spanish 'emboscada' and French 'embuscade' translate this nominal sense, distinguishing it from the verbal 'lie in wait.' Judges 20:29-37 provides a parallel extended ambush narrative. 18×
VIOLENCE_CONFLICT Military Activities Ambush Military
AR["الكَمينُ", "الْ-كَمِينُ", "الْ-كَمِينِ", "الْكَمَائِنَ", "بِكَمينِهِم", "كامِنونَ", "كَميناً", "كَمِينًا", "مِنَ-الكَمينِ", "وَ-الكامِن", "وَ-الكَمينُ", "وَ-الْ-كَمِينُ", "وَ-الْكَامِنُ"]·ben["আর-ঘাতকের", "এবং-ওৎ-পাতাকারীরা", "এবং-ঘাতক", "এবং-যে-ঘাতক", "ওৎ-থেকে", "ওৎ-পাতাকারী", "ওৎ-পাতারা", "ঘাতক", "ঘাতকদের", "ঘাতকের", "তাদের-ঘাতিতে"]·DE["[בארבם]", "[הארבים]", "[ואורב]", "ambushes", "der-Hinterhalt", "ein-Hinterhalt", "sind-liegend-in-Hinterhalt", "und-Hinterhalt-von", "und-der-Hinterhalt", "von-der-Hinterhalt", "wie-ein-Hinterhalt"]·EN["ambushes", "an-ambush", "and-ambush-of", "and-the-ambush", "and-the-ambusher", "are-lying-in-ambush", "as-an-ambush", "from-the-ambush", "in-their-lying-in-wait", "the-ambush", "the-ambushes"]·FR["[הארבים]", "[ואורב]", "comme-un-embuscade", "de-le-embuscade", "embuscade", "embuscades", "et-embuscade-de", "et-le-embuscade", "le-embuscade", "sont-couché-dans-embuscade", "un-embuscade"]·heb["אורב", "אורבים", "ב-אורבם", "ה-אורב", "ה-אורבים", "ו-אורב", "ו-ה-אורב", "מ-ה-אורב"]·HI["और-घात", "और-घात-से", "घात", "घात-ने", "घात-में-उनके", "घात-लगानेवाले", "घात-से"]·ID["Dan-penghadang", "Dan-pengintai", "dalam-pengintaian-mereka", "dan-penghadang", "dan-pengintai", "dari-penghadangan", "orang-orang-yang-menyergap", "penghadang"]·IT["[בארבם]", "[הארבים]", "[ואורב]", "ambushes", "come-un-imboscata", "da-il-imboscata", "e-il-imboscata", "e-imboscata-di", "il-imboscata", "sono-lying-in-imboscata", "un-imboscata"]·jav["Lan-pangendhem", "Lan-tiyang-ingkang-ngintip", "ing-kala", "lan-tiyang-ingkang-ngintip", "lan-tiyang-kang-ngintip", "ngendhem", "pangendhem", "saking-pangendhem", "tiyang-ingkang-ngintip", "tiyang-ngendhem"]·KO["그-매복이", "그들의-매복에서", "그리고-그-매복이", "그리고-그-매복하는-자가", "그리고-매복이", "그리고-매복하는-자", "매복", "매복으로", "매복을", "매복이", "매복하는-자들을", "매복하는-자들이다", "에서-그-매복에서"]·PT["E-a-emboscada", "a-emboscada", "as-emboscadas", "da-emboscada", "e-a-emboscada", "e-emboscada-de", "e-emboscador", "emboscada", "emboscadas", "emboscadores", "na-emboscada-deles", "¶ E-a-emboscada"]·RU["А-засада", "И-засада", "в-засаде", "в-засаде-своей", "в-засаду", "засада", "засадой", "засаду", "засады", "и-засада", "и-засады", "из-засады"]·ES["Y-la-emboscada", "de-la-emboscada", "emboscada", "emboscadas", "emboscándoos", "en-su-emboscada", "la-emboscada", "las-emboscadas", "y-el-que-acecha", "y-la-emboscada-de"]·SW["Na-mtu-aliyevizia", "Na-waviziaji", "katika-hila-yao", "kutoka-uvizini", "na-mtu-aliyevizia", "na-wanaotuvizia", "na-wavizi", "na-waviziaji", "wavizi", "waviziaji"]·TR["Ve-puscu", "Ve-pusu", "Ve-pusucu", "puscu", "puscunun", "puscuya", "pusu", "pusucuları", "pusudan", "pusuya", "pusuya-yatanlar", "pusuyu", "ve-pusucu", "ve-pusuya-yatanin"]·urd["-گھات-لگانے-والے", "اور-غات-لگانے-والے", "اور-کمین", "اور-گھات", "اور-گھات-لگانے-والے-سے", "کمین", "کمین-سے", "کمین-میں", "کمین-میں-بیٹھنے-والے", "کمین-نے", "گھات", "گھات-", "گھات-اپنی-میں", "گھات-نے", "گھات-کے"]
3. ambushers (Piel intensive) The Piel intensive participle (me'arvim) denoting professional or deliberate ambushers. Judges 9:25 describes men of Shechem who 'set ambushers' against Abimelech on the hilltops, and 2 Chronicles 20:22 records God setting ambushers against Judah's enemies. The Piel stem may intensify the deliberateness or organized nature of the ambush. Spanish 'emboscadores' (ambushers as agents) captures the participial, agentive force.
VIOLENCE_CONFLICT Military Activities Ambush Military
AR["كَمَائِنَ"]·ben["ওঁত-পাতা", "ঘাতকদের"]·DE["[מארבים]", "ambushers"]·EN["ambushers"]·FR["[מארבים]", "embusqués"]·heb["מארבים"]·HI["घात-लगानेवालोंको", "घातलगानेवालोंको"]·ID["penghadang", "penyergap"]·IT["[מארבים]", "ambushers"]·jav["tiyang-ingkang-nyingidaken", "tiyang-ngadhang"]·KO["매복-하는-자들", "매복하는-자들을"]·PT["emboscadas", "emboscadores"]·RU["засады"]·ES["emboscadas", "emboscadores"]·SW["wavamizi", "waviziaji"]·TR["pusucular", "pusular"]·urd["گھات-لگانے-والے"]

Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
אָרַב vb. lie in wait (Arabic أَرُبَ i. was crafty, iii. went obliquely Dozy (knot) Frey)— Qal Pf. וְאָרַב consec. Dt 19:11 וַאֲרַבְתֶּם Ju 21:20; אָרָֽבְתִּי׃ Jb 31:9; אָֽרְבוּ ψ 59:4 La 4:19; Impf. יֶאֱרֹב ψ 10:9(×2); יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ Pr 1:18; Mi 7:2; וַיֶּֽאֶרְבוּ Ju 9:34; 16:2; נֶֽאֶרְבָה Pr 1:11; Imv. אֱרֹב Ju 9:32; Inf. אֱרָב־ Pr 12:6; Pt. אֹרֵב Jos 8:2 + 11 times; אוֹרֵב Jos 8:12 + 4 times;