G0622 G0622
To destroy utterly, cause to perish; to lose or fail to keep; in the middle/intransitive, to perish, be ruined, or be lost.
A powerful verb of total destruction, ruin, and loss, running through some of the most dramatic passages in the New Testament. In its transitive sense it describes kings who seek to destroy (Matt 2:13), authorities who plot to kill (Matt 12:14), and a master who will miserably destroy wicked tenants (Matt 21:41). In its intransitive middle voice, it captures the cry of terrified disciples — 'we are perishing!' (Matt 8:25) — and the solemn warning that whoever clings to life will lose it (Matt 16:25). The participial form yields the deeply tender category of 'the lost' — the lost sheep, the lost coin, the lost son — where Spanish perdido and German verloren mirror the Greek perfect participle exactly.
1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) — The intransitive middle sense: to perish, be destroyed, come to ruin or death. Used of persons facing mortal danger ('Lord, save us, we are perishing!' — Matt 8:25), old wineskins that burst and are ruined (Matt 9:17), and the solemn eschatological warning that 'broad is the way that leads to destruction' (Matt 7:13). Spanish perecerá and German verderben consistently render this existential finality. 41×
AR["الهالِكينَ","تَبيدُ","تَهلِكُ","تَهْلِكَ","سَتَهْلِكُ","سَيَهلِكونَ","هَلَكوا","هَلَكَ","يَهْلِكَ","يَهْلِكُونَ"]·ben["তারা-বিনষ্ট-হবে;","ধ্বংস-হয়","ধ্বংস-হয়েছিল","ধ্বংস-হয়েছিল।","ধ্বংস-হয়েছে","ধ্বংস-হয়েছে।","নষ্ট-হইবে","নষ্ট-হবে","নষ্ট-হল","নাশ-হয়","বিনষ্ট-হবে","বিনাশ-হচ্ছে","বিনাশ-হবে","যারা-বিনষ্ট-হচ্ছে","যারা-বিনষ্ট-হচ্ছে;","হারায়নি,","হারিয়ে-যায়"]·DE["geht-verloren","verderben"]·EN["perished","perishing","should-perish","were-being-destroyed","were-destroyed","will-perish"]·FR["détruire"]·heb["אָבְדוּ","אָבַד","אָבָדוּ","אוֹבְדִים","הָאוֹבְדִים","יֵאָבֵד","יֹאבֵד-וּ","יֹאבֵדוּ","יֹאבַד","תֹּאבַד","תֹאבֵד"]·HI["जो-नाश-हो-रहे-हैं","नशत-हो","नशत-होने-वअलोन","नष्ट-हुई","नष्ट-होगा","नष्ट-होनेवालों","नहींगिरेगा।","नाश-हुआ","नाश-हुए","नाश-हो","नाश-हो-गए","नाश-हो-गया","नाश-होंगे","नाश-हो।"]·ID["akan-binasa","akan-binasa;","binasa","binasa,","binasa.","dibinasakan","hilang","hilang.","yang-binasa"]·IT["distruggere"]·jav["badhé-ical.","badhé-sirna","badhé-sirna;","badhé-tiwas","ical","ical,","ical.","ingkang-dipun-sirnakaken;","ingkang-katumpes","kang-sirna","karusakan,","risak.","sampun-sirna","sirna","sirna."]·KO["멸망하는-것이","멸망하는-자들-에게","멸망하는-자들에게","멸망하려니와","멸망하리라","멸망하였느니라","멸망하였으니","멸망하지","멸망하지-않았다","멸망하지-않을-것이다","멸망했다.","멸하도록","멸하리라","사라졌다","사라졌다.","잃어지지-않을-것이다"]·PT["pereceram","pereceram.","perecerá","perecerá.","perecerão","pereceu","pereciam.","pereça","que-perecem"]·RU["не-погибнет","погиб","погиб,","погибали.","погибающим","погибающих","погибла","погибла.","погибли","погибло","погибнет","погибнут"]·ES["perecerá","perecerán","pereciendo","perecieron","pereció","perezca","que-perecen"]·SW["alipotea","apotee","kiangamie","liangamie","potea","uliangamia","utapotea","wakafa","wakafa.","wameangamia","wanaopotea","wanaopotea;","wataangamia","yameangamia","zitaangamia"]·TR["aptallıktır","kaybolmadı","kaybolmayacak","kaybolsun","mahvolacak;","mahvolanlara","mahvolanlarda-","mahvoldu","mahvolsun","o-","yok edildiler","yok-olacak","yok-oldu","ölecekler"]·urd["فنا-ہو-جائیں-گے","فنا-ہو-گئی","فنا-ہو-گئی۔","کھوئے-گا","ہلاک ہوا","ہلاک-نہیں-ہوگا","ہلاک-ہو","ہلاک-ہو-جائے","ہلاک-ہوئی۔","ہلاک-ہوئے","ہلاک-ہونے-والوں","ہلاک-ہوں-گے"]
Matt 5:29, Matt 5:30, Matt 8:25, Matt 9:17, Matt 18:14, Matt 26:52, Mark 2:22, Mark 4:38, Luke 5:37, Luke 8:24, Luke 11:51, Luke 13:3 (+29 more)
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. destroy, ruin (transitive) — The active transitive sense: to destroy, kill, bring to utter ruin. Herod seeks to destroy the child (Matt 2:13); the Pharisees conspire how to destroy Jesus (Matt 12:14); the king sends armies to destroy the murderers (Matt 22:7). Spanish destruir and French détruire both preserve the Latin root destruere, emphasizing the causative violence of this usage. 23×
AR["أَهلَكَ","تُهْلِكْ","سَيُهلِكُ","سَيُهلِكُهُم","لِتُهلِكَ","لِتُهْلِكَنَا","لِيُهْلِكَ","يُهلِك","يُهلِكوا","يُهلِكَ","يُهلِكُ","يُهلِكُونَهُ","يُهْلِكونَهُ","يُهْلِكَهُ","يُهْلِكُوا","يُهْلِكُونَهُ"]·ben["তারা-ধ্বংস-করবে","তিনি-ধ্বংস-করবেন","ধ্বংস-কর,","ধ্বংস-করতে","ধ্বংস-করতে-পারে","ধ্বংস-করতে-পারে।","ধ্বংস-করবে","ধ্বংস-করল","ধ্বংস-করলেন","ধ্বংস-করা","ধ্বংস-করে"]·DE["geht-verloren","verderben"]·EN["destroy","destroyed","he-will-destroy","it-might-destroy","might-destroy","they-might-destroy","they-should-destroy","to-destroy","will-destroy"]·FR["détruire"]·heb["הֶאֱבִיד","יְאַבְּדוּ","יְאַבֵּד","יַאֲבִיד-וּ","יַאֲבֵד","יַשְׁמִידוּ","לְ-הַאֲבִיד","לְ-הַשְׁמִיד","לְאַבֵּד","לְהַשְׁמִיד","שֶׁלּוֹ","תְאַבֵּד"]·HI["नअश-करेइन","नाश-कर","नाश-कर-दिया","नाश-करना","नाश-करने","नाश-करने-को","नाश-करे","नाश-करें","नाश-करेगा","नाश-करे।","नाश-किया"]·ID["Dia-akan-membinasakan","ia-membinasakan","membinasakan","membinasakan,","membunuh","mereka-binasakan.","mereka-membinasakan","untuk-membinasakan"]·IT["distruggere"]·jav["badhé-numpes","dipunsirnakaken.","ngicalaken","ngrisak","ngrisak.","numpes","nyirnakaken","nyirnakaken.","panjenengan-ngrisak,","supados-numpes","supados-nyédani,"]·KO["머리기-려고","멸망시켰다","멸망시키려고","멸망시키리라","멸하게-하는-것이","멸하게-하지","멸하게-할-것이다","멸하게-할까","멸하도록","멸하러","멸하려","멸하시게-하는","멸할-것이다","죽이기를","죽이다","죽이려고"]·PT["destrua","destruas,","destruir","destruir.","destruirá","destruiu","destruísse","destruíssem"]·RU["-которого","погубил","погубили","погубило","погубит","погубить","погубить."]·ES["a-destruir","destruir","destruirá","destruya","destruyas","destruyera","destruyeran","destruyó"]·SW["-","aangamize","amwangamize","atawaangamiza","iliwaangamiza","kuangamiza","kumuangamiza","kumwangamiza","kutuangamiza","mharibu,","wamwangamize","wamwangamize.","wao"]·TR["mahvetme","mahvetmeye","mahvetsinler","yok-edecek","yok-etmek","yok-etmek,","yok-etmek?","yok-etmeye","yok-etmeyi","yok-etsin","yok-etsinler","yok-etsinler.","yok-etti","öldürmek","öldürsün"]·urd["مارنے","ہلاک-کر","ہلاک-کر-دیا","ہلاک-کرنا","ہلاک-کرنے","ہلاک-کریں","ہلاک-کرے","ہلاک-کرے-گا","ہلاک-کیا"]
Matt 2:13, Matt 10:28, Matt 12:14, Matt 21:41, Matt 22:7, Matt 27:20, Mark 1:24, Mark 3:6, Mark 9:22, Mark 11:18, Mark 12:9, Luke 4:34 (+11 more)
3. lose, fail to keep — To lose something or someone one possesses or is responsible for. The shepherd loses one sheep out of a hundred (Luke 15:4); a woman loses one coin out of ten (Luke 15:8); whoever would save their life will lose it (Matt 10:39, 16:25). Spanish perder ('habiendo perdido') captures the pathos of losing what one treasured. This sense lacks the violence of destruction — the loss may be accidental, careless, or paradoxically willing. 20×
AR["أَضَاعَ","أَضَاعَتْ","أَضَعْتُهُ","أَهلَكَ","أَهْلَكَ","أُهْلِكَ","أُهْلِكْ","تَخسَروا","سَيُهْلِكُها","مُهلِكُ","مُهْلِكاً","يُضيعَ","يُضِيعَ","يُهلِكُ","يُهلِكُها","يُهْلِكُ","يُهْلِكُهَا"]·ben["তোমরা-হারাও","ধ্বংস-করে","হারাই-আমি","হারাইনি","হারাবে","হারায়","হারিয়ে","হারিয়েছিলাম","হারিয়েছে"]·DE["geht-verloren","verderben"]·EN["I-lose","I-lost","having-lost","loses","losing","may-lose","she-loses","will-he-lose","will-lose","you-lose"]·FR["détruire"]·heb["אִבֵּד","אִבַּדְתִּי","אַאַבֵּד","יְאַבְּדֶנָּה","יְאַבֵּד","מְאַבֵּד","תְאַבְּדוּ","תְאַבֵּד"]·HI["खोऊँ","खोए","खोएगा","खोकर","खोता-है","खोनेवाला","खोया-था-मैंने।","खोयेग","तुम-खो-दो","मैंने-खोया"]·ID["Aku-kehilangan","Ku-hilangkan","akan-kehilangan","aku-hilangkan","ia-akan-kehilangan","kamu-kehilangan","kehilangan"]·IT["distruggere"]·jav["Kawula-icalaken","Kula-kelangan","badhe-kècalan","badhé-kecalan","badhé-kècalan","badhé-kècaldal","ical","kecalan","kula-kecalan.","kècalan","kècalan,","kècaldal","ngicalaken","ngicali","panjenengan-icalaken"]·KO["너희-가-잃어버리지","잃는다","잃어버리지-않고","잃어버린","잃었다","잃으리라","잃으면","잃은-자는","잃을-것이고","잃을-것이다","잃을-것이요","잃지"]·PT["a-perder","a-perderá","percais","perdendo","perder","perderá","perdi","perdê-la-á","que-perder","tendo-perdido"]·RU["губит","погубивши","погубил","погубит","потеряв","потерявший","потеряет","потерял","потеряла","потеряли"]·ES["habiendo-perdido","la-perderá","la-perdiere","perderá","perdiendo","perdiere","perdáis","perdí","pierda","pierde"]·SW["akiipoteza","akijiangamiza","akipoteza","anaipoteza","ataipoteza","atapoteza","ataupoteza","ipoteza","nilipoteza","niliyoipoteza","nipoteze","poteza","poteze"]·TR["kaybedecek","kaybedecektir","kaybeden","kaybeder","kaybederek,","kaybederse","kaybedeyim","kaybetmeyecektir","kaybetmeyesiniz","kaybettim"]·urd["کھو-دے","کھو-کر","کھوؤ","کھوؤں","کھوئے","کھوئے-گا","کھوتا-ہے","کھونے-والا","کھویا","کھویا-تھا"]
Matt 10:39, Matt 10:39, Matt 10:42, Matt 16:25, Matt 16:25, Mark 8:35, Mark 8:35, Mark 9:41, Luke 9:24, Luke 9:24, Luke 9:25, Luke 15:4 (+8 more)
4. lost (state, as adjective) — The perfect passive participle used adjectivally: 'lost,' describing the state of being misplaced, estranged, or spiritually wandering. Jesus is sent to 'the lost sheep of the house of Israel' (Matt 10:6, 15:24); the parables of Luke 15 revolve around what was lost (τὸ ἀπολωλός) being found. Spanish perdido/perdida and German verloren serve as exact functional equivalents, used substantivally just as in Greek. 8×
AR["الضَّالَّ","الضَّالَّةِ","الضَّالِّ","الهالِكَ","الهَالِكَ","ضالَّةِ","ضَالًّا"]·ben["হারানো","হারানোকে","হারানোটি","হারানোটির","হারিয়ে-যাওয়াকে"]·DE["geht-verloren"]·EN["having-been-lost","lost"]·FR["détruire"]·heb["אָבוּד","אֹבְדוֹת","הָאֹבֵד"]·HI["खोए-हुए","खोए-हुए-के","खोया-हुआ","खोयि-हुइ","खोयी-हुई!","खोये-हुए-को"]·ID["hilang","yang-hilang"]·IT["distruggere"]·jav["ical","ingkang-ical.","ingkang-kesasar","kesasar!","kesasar,"]·KO["잃어버린","잃어버린-것-을","잃어버린-것을"]·PT["perdida","perdidas","perdido"]·RU["погибшее","погибшим","пропавшей","пропавший","пропавшую"]·ES["perdida","perdidas","perdido"]·SW["aliyepotea","amepotea","kilichopotea","waliopotea"]·TR["kaybolana","kaybolmuş","kaybolmuş-olanı","kaybolmuşu","kayıp"]·urd["کھوئی-ہوئی","کھوئیوں-کے","کھویا-ہوا","گمشدہ-کو","گُم-شدہ-کو"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)G2190 1. enemy / hostile one (32×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
Included with: ἀπόλλῡμι or ἀπολλύω Refs 5th c.BC+; the form is rejected by Refs 5th c.BC+, imperfect ἀπώλλυνRefs 5th c.BC+future ἀπολέσω, Epic dialect ἀπολέσσω, Attic dialect ἀπολῶ, Ionic dialect ἀπολέωRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ἀπώλεσα, Epic dialect ἀπόλεσσα: perfect ἀπολώλεκα:—frequently in tmesi in Epic dialect; preposition postponed in Refs 8th c.BC+ —stronger form of ὄλλυμι, destroy utterly, kill,…