Military Activities

רֶ֫גֶל247 n.f.Dt 8:4 (on sf. m. Ct 5:3 v. KöSynt. § 14 AlbrZAW (xvi, 1896, 76) xv (1895), 316 f.), foot (NH id.; Arabic رِجْلٌ leg, foot; Aramaic רַגְלָא, ܪܶܓܠܴܐ foot; Palm. sf. רגלה Lzb 368; transp. Zinj. (pl. cstr.) לגרי Id.ib., Mand. ליגרא NöM 102; cf. Ethiopic ሰረገላ vehicle Di347);—abs. ר׳ Ex 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל v 24 +; cstr. רֶגֶל Nu 22:25 +; sf. רַגְלִי Gn 30:30 +, etc.; du. רַגְלַ֫יִם Is 28:3 +, רַגְלָ֑יִם 2 S 4:4 +; cstr. רַגְלֵי Gn 24:32 +; sf. רַגְלָי Nu 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Ex 3:5 +, etc.; pl. רְגָלִים 23:14 + 3 times (v. 2 infr.);— 1. foot: a. human, Gn 18:4; 19:2 + 10 times of washing feet (רהץ); Ex 3:5; 4:25 + often; in fig. Dt 32:25 1 S 2:9 Je 2:25 Jb 12:5 + often; ר׳ גַּאֲוָה ψ 36:12 foot of pride; הֲדֹם לְר׳ 110:1; כַּף ר׳ sole of foot Dt 2:5; 11:24; 28:56, 65 + 6 times, + מִכַּף ר׳ וְעַד רֹאשׁ Is 1:6, cf. (וְעַד קדקד) 2 S 14:25 Dt 28:35 Jb 2:7; also מֵרֹאשׁ וְעַד ר׳ Lv 13:12; שָׁרְשֵׁי ר׳ Jb 13:27, v. שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ" dir="rtl" >שֹׁרֶשׁ; אֶצְבְּעוֹת ר׳ 2 S 21:20 = toes, בֹּהֶן ר׳ = great toe Ju 1:6, 7 Ex 29:20 + 6 times Lv; ר׳ = leg 1 S 17:6 (v. also f. ad fin.). †b. anthrop. of God, Ex 24:10; 2 S 22:10 = ψ 18:10, Na 1:3; Hb 3:5; Is 60:13; Zc 14:4; כַּפּוֹת ר׳ Ez 43:7; הֲדֹם ר׳ Is 66:1 La 2:1 1 Ch 28:2 ψ 99:5; 132:7. †c. of seraphim Is 6:2, Ezekiel’s חַיּוֹת Ez 1:7, 7 and (כַּף ר׳) v 7, cherubim 2 Ch 3:13; idols ψ 115:7. d. of animals: dove, כַּף ר׳ Gn 8:9 (J); שֶׁרֶץ עוֹף Lv 11:21, 23, שֶׁרֶץ v 42; calf, כַּף ר׳ Ez 1:7 (in sim.), בְּהֵמָה 29:11; Pharaoh under fig. of תַּנִּים 32:2; prob. of beast also Jb 39:15, indef. Is 28:3 (in fig.). e. of table Ex 25:26; 37:13 (P). f. phrases: †לְר׳ (ל 5 i) acc. to the pace of Gn 33:14(×2) (J; as fast as cattle, children, can go); at one’s guidance Dt 33:3; at one’s foot, i.e. at every step Gn 30:30 (J), Is 41:2, cf. Jb 18:11 (v. I. [פּוּץ] Hiph.); הלך לְר׳ 1 S 25:42, i.e. went where she went, cf. 2 S 15:16, 17, 18; †בְּר׳ on one’s feet, on foot, Nu 20:19 (JE), Dt 2:28 Ju 4:15, 17 ψ 66:6, שֻׁלַּח בְּר׳ Ju 5:15 (v. שׁלח), cf. Jb 18:8 (and רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ 30:12); אֲשֶׁר בְּר׳ (הַבְּהֵמָה, הַיְקוּם, הָעָם), i.e. which follow one, hence obey or belong to one, Ex 11:8 (J), Ju 4:10; 8:5 1 K 20:10; Dt 11:6 2 K 3:9, הַמִּתְהַלְּכִים בְּר׳ 1 S 25:27; נָשָׂא ר׳ †Gn 29:1 (E) = set out, but יָרִים אֶת־ר׳ †41:44 (E) lift the foot, i.e. make a movement, do anything; †euphemism מֵסִיךְ אֶת־ר׳ Ju 3:24, cf. 1 S 24:3 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v 4; v. I. [סָכַךְ] Hiph.); וַתְּפַשְּׂקִי אֶת־ר׳ לְ Ez 16:25 (v. פשׂק); הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין ר׳ Dt 28:57 (v. יצא 1 h); מֵימֵי ר׳ Qr 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12 (Kt שיניהם; v. מַיִם 3); שַׂעַר הָר׳ Is 7:20, i.e. hair of the private parts. †2. pl. only in phr. שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים three times (feet, paces, cf. פַּ֫עַם" dir="rtl" >פַּעַם Ex 23:14 (E), Nu 22:28, 32, 33 (J).

II. סוּס138 n.m. Ex 15:1 horse (NH סוּס, סוּסָה, Aramaic סוּסְיָא, ܣܽܘܣܝܳܐ, Mand. סוסיא, Sin. id., Lzb 328; Assyrian sisû (sîsû?) DlHWB 506; Tel Am. su-u[su] WklTA. 191, 24; prob. foreign word cf. NöM 147 Erman Ägypten 649; Eng. tr. 490);—ס׳ abs. 1 K 20:20 +; cstr. Ex 15:19 +; pl. סוּסִים Gn 47:17 +, סֻסִים 2 S 15:1; cstr. סוּסֵי 2 K 2:11; sf. סוּסַי 1 K 22:4; 2 K 3:7, סוּסֶיךָ Mi 5:9 + 4 times, סוּסָיו Is 5:28 +, סוּסֵיכֶם Am 4:10, סוּסֵיהֶם Jos 11:6 +;—horse: 1. non-Isr.; chariot-horses of Canaanites Ju 5:22 (cf. v 28 4:3, 13; עִקְבֵי ס׳; ס׳ coll., as often), Jos 11:4, 6, 9 (JE); horses as property of Egyptians Gn 47:17; Ex 9:3 (both J), cf. Zc 14:15; merchandise of Tyre Ez 27:14; chariot-horses of Egypt [cf. Hom Il. ix. 384], Ex 14:9, 23 (P), 15:1, 21 (poem), v 19 (P; on all v. Di), Dt 11:4; Is 31:1, 3; Je 46:4, 9; Ez 17:15; of Aram 1 K 20:1 + 11 times K (1 K 20:20 ridden, for flight), Assyr. Is 5:28 + 3 times, Chaldeans Je 4:13 + 6 times; other nations Na 3:2; Je 50:42 + 5 times; as ridden 1 K 20:20 (v. supr.), Je 8:23; Ez 38:4, 15 + 13 times (late). 2. in Isr.; chariot-horses of Absalom 2 S 15:1, especially of Sol., and later, 1 K 5:6, 8; 10:25, 28, 29, and ‖ Chr; 18:5 and (as war-equipment) 22:4 2 K 3:7; 9:33; 10:2 Pr 21:31; סוּסֵי אֵשׁ 2 K 2:11 (Elijah), cf. 6:17; consecr. to sun 2 K 23:11 (cf. RSSem. 275; 2nd ed. 293); sign of luxury and apostasy Am 4:10; Ho 1:7; 1:4 Is 2:7 Mi 5:9 Zc 9:10, cf. Dt 17:6, 16, but v. Zc 14:20; in vision Zc 6:2(×2), 3(×2), 6; ridden 2 K 9:18, 19; 18:23 = Is 36:8, Am 2:15 + 4 times Is Je; in vision Zc 1:8(×2); שַׁעַר הַסּ׳ Je 31:40; Ne 3:28, cf. 2 K 11:16 = 2 Ch 23:15; property of returned exiles Ezr 2:66 = Ne 7:68 van d. H. (om. Mass. Baer Ginsb q.v.); description of horse Jb 39:19; in various sim. and fig. Am 6:12; Je 5:8; 8:6; 12:5; Ez 23:20; Is 63:13; Jo 2:4; Pr 27:3 ψ 32:9; 147:10. 3. chariot-horses of י׳ Hb 3:15 (fig. of clouds), cf. Zc 10:3.—Cf. also חֲצַר סוּסָה" dir="rtl" >חֲצַר סוּסִים, and פָּרָשׁ²" dir="rtl" >פָּרָשׁ, רֶ֫כֶשׁ" dir="rtl" >רֶכֶשׁ.

† רוּץ vb. run (NH id. (rare); Ethiopic ሮጸ Zinj. Pf. 1 s. רצת; = Aramaic רְהַט; ܪܗܰܛ (WSG 47); cf. Assyrian râṣu, be helpful (i.e. run to help?));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָץ Gn 18:7; 2 ms. רַצְתָּה Je 12:5, etc.; Impf. יָרוּץ Hb 2:2 +, יָרֻץ Jb 16:14, וַיָּ֫רָץ Gn 18:2 +, וַיָּרֹ֑ץ 2 S 18:21; 1 s. sf. ארוצם Je 50:44 Kt (but רָצַץ" dir="rtl" >רצץ]; Imv. ms. רוּץ 2 S 18:23 2 K 4:26, רֻץ 1 S 20:36 Zc 2:8; Inf. cstr. לָרוּץ 1 S 20:6 +; Pt. רָץ 2 S 18:22 +, pl. רָצִים 1 S 22:17 +, רָצִין 2 K 11:13 (Ges§ 87 e);— 1. run, c. אֶל loc. Gn 18:7; 24:20 (both J), Nu 17:12 (P), אֶל pers. Gn 24:29 (J; + ה loc.), 1 S 3:5; Is 55:5 (fig.), with hostility, against, Jb 15:26 (fig.), so goat against ram Dn 8:6, עַלִ pers., against Jb 16:14; ה loc. also Jos 7:22, לְבֵיתוֹ Hg 1:9, לָרַע Is 59:7; Pr 1:16; acc. loc. 1 S 20:6; 17:22, 48 (+ לִקְרַאת); ב loc. on (ב II. 2), of horses Am 6:12, locusts Jo 2:9; into Pr 18:10 (fig.); מִן loc. 1 S 4:12, so MT 2 K 23:12 (= he went quickly thence, but text perhaps corrupt, v. Kit Benz, and cf.> Hiph. infr.); אַחֲרֵי pers. 2 S 18:22; 1 K 19:20; 2 K 5:20, 21; Ct 1:4, עַד pers. 2 K 4:22; לִפְנֵי pers. 2 S 15:1; 1 K 1:5 (both of royal escort, 2), 18:46 (+ עַד loc.), לִפְנֵי rei 1 S 8:11; אֵת pers. accomp. Je 12:5; c. acc. of way, אֹרַח ψ 19:6, דֶּרֶךְ 2 S 18:23; ψ 119:132 (fig.); as prelim., + inf. לִקְרַאת run to meet Gn 18:2; 24:17; 29:13; 33:4 (all J), 2 K 4:26; Je 51:31 + vb. fin. Gn 24:28; 29:12 (both J), Nu 11:27; Jos 8:19 (both JE), Ju 7:21; 13:10; 1 S 10:23; 17:51; 2 S 18:19; ψ 59:5; as imv. + imv. 1 S 20:36; Zc 2:8; abs. 1 S 20:36; Is 40:31; 2 Ch 23:12 (v. 2 a), Pr 4:12; 6:18 (of feet), of locusts Jo 2:4, 7; specif., run as messenger 2 S 18:21, 22, 23(×2), 24, 26(×2), fig. of prophet’s activity Je 23:21, of י׳’s word ψ 147:15; fig. of reading smoothly, יָרוּץ קוֹרֵא בוֹ Hb 2:2.—ψ 18:30 = 2 S 22:30 read אָרֹץ (for אָרֻץ, אָרוּץ), √ רצץ Ew Ol Che Bae al. 2. Pt. as subst.: a. pl. הָרָצִים the runners (proposes 3, as royal escort, cf. vb. 2 S 15:1; 1 K 1:5; then) of royal body-guard 1 S 22:17; 1 K 14:27, 28(×2) = 2 Ch 12:10, 11(×2); 2 K 10:25(×2); 11:4, 6, 11, 19(×2).—(הָעָם) הָרָצִין v13 is gloss (Kit Benz; whence [easier] הָעָם הָרָצִים 2 Ch 23:12 v. 1).—Pr 29:6 for יָרֻן Pinsk Toy favour יָרוּץ. b. runner = (royal messenger, post, late), רָץ Je 51:31(×2) (‖ מַגִּיד), cf. Jb 9:25 (as swift); הָרָצִים 2 Ch 30:6, 10; Est 3:13, 15, riders הָר׳ בַּסּוּסִים 8:10, הָר׳ רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ v14. Pōʿlēl Impf. 3 mpl. יְרוֹצֵ֑צוּ Na 2:5 they run swiftly, dart (like lightning; of chariots). Hiph. cause to run: 1. bring, or move, quickly, Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וַיְרִיצֻהוּ, מִן loc. Gn 41:14 (E), read perhaps also 3 ms. וַיָּרֶץ 2 K 23:12 (acc. om.; for MT וַיָּרָץ v. Qal); ל pers., acc. rei om. וַיָּרִיצוּ 2 Ch 35:13; Imv. ms. הָרֵץ 1 S 17:17 (+ acc. loc., ל pers.); Impf. 3 fs. תָּרִיץ יָדָיו ψ 68:32 quickly stretch out hands, לֵאלֹהִים (viz. with offerings). 2. c. מֵעַל = drive away from, 1 s., sf. 3 ms., אֲרִיצֶנּוּ Je 49:19, so read prob. also in ‖ 50:44 (Qr אֲרִיצֵם, > Kt ארוצם).

מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת78 n.f. guard, watch, also charge, function;—מ׳ abs. 2 S 20:3 +, cstr. 2 K 11:5 +; abs. מִשְׁמָ֑רֶת Ex 16:34; sf. מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Gn 26:5 +, etc.; pl. מִשְׁמָרוֹת 1 Ch 9:23 +; cstr. מִשְׁמְרוֹת Ne 7:3; sf. -רוֹתָם 2 Ch 7:6 +, -תֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:17;— †1. guard, watch: בֵּית מ׳ 2 S 20:3 = house of detention, confinement; מ׳ אַתָּה עִמָּדִי 1 S 22:23 i.e. protected, secure; c. שָׁמַר keep the watch 2 K 11:5, 6, 7; 1 Ch 12:30 (van d. H. v 29); = post of watch (fig.) Is 21:8 (‖ מִצְפֶּה), Hb 2:1 (‖ מָצוֹר); pl. = guards Ne 7:3; 1 Ch 9:23. †2. keeping, preserving, וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמ׳ Ex 12:6 i.e. ye shall keep it; הַנִּיחוּ לָכֶם לְמ׳ 16:23, cf. v 32, 33, 34; Nu 17:25; 19:9 (all P). †3. charge, injunction of י׳, c. שָׁמַר, in gen. Dt 11:1 (+ חֻקּוֹת, מִשְׁפָּטִים, מִצְוֹת), cf. Gn 26:5; 1 K 2:3, and (מ׳ מִצְוַת י׳) Jos 22:3 (all RD), Mal 3:14; of specif. injunctions Lv 18:30; Nu 9:19, 23. †4. a. ceremoniral office or function (AV RV usually charge) of priest or Levite (P [especially Nu], Ez 40, 44, 48, Chr Zc), mostly c. שָׁמַר: מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדוּת Nu 1:53, מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן י׳ 31:30, 47, מ׳ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ez 44:15; Nu 3:38, מ׳ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 18:4 cf. v 3; 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Nu 3:28, 32; 18:5 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ קָדָשַׁי (of Isr. in gen.) Ez 44:8, מ׳ ה��מִּזְבֵּחַ Nu 18:5; Ez 40:46, תְּרוּמֹתָ֑י Nu 18:8, מ׳ הַבַּיִת Ez 40:45; 44:14, מ׳ הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45; c. genit. (sf.) שׁ׳ מ׳ = perform the service imposed by, due to, Lv 8:35; 22:9; Ez 44:8, 16; 48:11; Zc 3:7, מ׳ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ne 12:45 (of Judah in gen.); מ׳ הָעֵדָה Nu 3:7a, מ׳ בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ 3:8, 38, מ׳ בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן 3:25, cf. v 7a, 31, 36; 4:27, 28, 31, 32; 18:3; 1 Ch 23:32; also, in secular sense, מ׳ בֵּית שָׁאוּל 1 Ch 12:30; מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם Nu 4:31, כְּלֵי מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם v 32 (v 27 read c. 𝔊 Di Gr Gray, etc. בְּשֵׁמוֹת for במ׳, and perhaps מִשְׁמֶרֶת after אֵת, cf. v 32); עֲלֵיהֶם מ׳ 1 Ch 9:27 i.e. the duty rested upon them;—25:8; 26:12 v. i. עֻמָּה" dir="rtl" >עֻמָּה c, d (p. 769 supr.); עַל־מ׳ עֹמְדִים 2 Ch 7:6 were standing according to (or in) their offices, הֱעֶמִיד עַל מ׳ appoint to their offices 8:14; 35:2. b. pl. of Levitical divisions for service Ne 12:9.

† II. פָּרָשׁ n.m. Na 3:3 horseman (i.e. parrâš, cf. Ges§ 84 b b; Arabic فَارِسٌ; Ethiopic ፈረስ; Aramaic פָּרָשׁ, ܦܰܪܳܫܳܐ );—abs. פ׳ Na 3:3 Je 4:29, also פָּרַשׁ Ez 26:10 (as if cstr. KöSynt. § 337 s); pl. פָּרָשָׁים Gn 50:9 +; sf. פָּרָשָׁיו Ex 14:9 +;—horseman, usually pl., especially + רֶכֶב chariotry: Egyptian Gn 50:9 (J), Jos 24:6 (E), Ex 14:9,17,18,23,26,28 (all P), 15:19 (song), Is 31:1; 2 K 18:34 = Is 36:9, 2 Ch 12:3 cf. 16:8; Philistine 1 S 13:5; 2 S 1:6 (del. בַּעֲלֵי 𝔊 We Dr Bu HPS); Aramæan 2 S 10:18 (but read prob. אִישׁ, cf. ‖ 1 Ch 19:18, We Dr al.), and (+ אִישׁ רַגְלִי) 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4, cf. 1 Ch 19:6; also עַל־סוּס וּפָרָשִׁים 1 K 20:20 (si vera l.); Isr., of Adonijah 1 K 1:5 (+ רֶכֶב, חֲמִשִּׁים אִישׁ רָצִים); Solomon + רֶכֶב 9:19, 22; 10:26(×2) = 2 Ch 8:6, 9; 1:14(×2), prob. also 1 K 5:6 (+ סוּסִים לְמֶרְכָּבוֹ) = 2 Ch 9:25 (+ סוּסִים ומֶרְכָּבוֹת); Jehoahaz 2 K 13:7 (+ רַגְלִי); + רֶכֶב, fig. of Elijah 2 K 2:12, of Elisha 13:14; + סוּסִים Ho 1:7; Assyrian Is 22:6, 7 (+ רֶכֶב), cf. Na 3:3, פ׳ רֹכְבֵי סוּסִים Ez 23:6, 12; Babylonian Hb 1:8(×2) Je 4:29 (+ רֹמֵה קֶשֶׁת), Ez 26:7 (+ סוּס, רֶכֶב), v 10 (+ גַּלְגַּל וָרֶכֶב), Scythian (Gog) 38:4 (+ סוּסִים); Persian Is 21:7, 9 (צֶמֶד פ׳), Ne 2:9 Ezr 8:22; of king of north Dn 11:40 (+ רֶכֶב).

φῠλᾰκ-ή, ἡ, (φύλαξ) watching or guarding, especially by night, φυλακῆς μνήσασθε Refs 8th c.BC+; φυλακὰς ἔχειν keep watch and ward, Refs; φ. κατέχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴ ἔχει αὐτόν watching engages him, variant in Refs 8th c.BC+ tell an unarmed man to stand on the defensive, i.e. to give commands that cannot be obeyed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως ἀφανὴς εἴη ἡ φ. that there might be nothing visible to watch, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς φυλάξειν keep watch and ward, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς καταστήσασθαι, κατασκευάσασθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 watch or guard, of persons, NT+5th c.BC+; φ. τοῦ σώματος a body guard, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; garrison of a place or fortress, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐν τῇ Ναυπάκτῳ φ., of a squadron of ships, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b the rank of φύλακες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 station, post, Refs 8th c.BC+; Διὸς φ., Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the centre of the universe, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 of time, a watch of the night, ἐπεὰν τῆς νυκτὸς ἦ δευτέρη φ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρώτης φ. ἀρχομένης Wilcken Refs 3rd c.BC+; φυλακαῖσι νυκτέροισιν Refs 5th c.BC+: of these there were three, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; but five are mentioned in Refs 7th c.BC+; and the Roman division was four, NT __5 place for keeping others in, ward, prison, δημοσία φ. NT+1st c.BC+; πολιτικὴ φ. the town-prison, Refs 1st c.AD+ __6 Astrology texts ={ταπείνωμα}, Refs __II guarding, keeping, preserving, whether for security or custody, ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχειν τινά Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Ἰσθμὸν ἔχειν ἐν φ. to keep the Isthmus guarded or occupied, Refs; τὸν ἠνείκαντο γλώσσης χαρακτῆρα τοῦτον ἔχειν ἐν φ. to preserve the same character of language, Refs 6th c.BC+; στόματος φυλακᾷ κατασχεῖν φθόγγον probably in Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν φ. σχεθέμεν μεγάλᾳ be very ware of, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴν ἔχειν, ={φυλάττεσθαι}, keep guard, be on the watch, περί τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἔχειν μή.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. λαμβάνειν μή.. Refs 4th c.BC+; δεινῶς ἦσαν ἐν φυλακῇσι were straitly on their guard, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 custody of property, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 safeguard, τὴν μεγίστην φ. ἀνῄρηκε τῆς πόλεως its chief safeguard, Refs 5th c.BC+; δημοκρατίας, μοναρχίας φ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III (from middle) precaution, πολλῆς φ. ἔργον Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 with genitive, precaution against, εὐλάβεια φ. κακοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+

שָׁבָה47 vb. take captive (NH, Old Aramaic id.; Arabic سَبَا (سبى); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ );— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Je 41:14; sf. וְשָׁבָם (consec.) 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conj. וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2 ms. שָׁבִיתָ 2 K 6:22 ψ 68:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁבְּ Nu 21:1 Je 41:10, etc.; Imv. ms. וּשְׁבֵה Ju 5:12; Inf. cstr. שְׁבוֹת Ob 11; Pt. act. pl. שֹׁבִים Is 14:2, etc.; pass. mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Is 61:1, fpl. cstr. שְׁבֻי��ֹת Gn 31:26;—take captive: 1. a. c. acc. pers., Nu 24:22 (JE), 1 S 30:2; 2 K 5:2; 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Je 41:10(×2) (but v 10b Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, cf. 𝔊 Luc), v 14, Gn 34:29 (P), 2 Ch 28:8 (+ מִן part.), + 6 times; + Je 43:12 appar. c. acc. idols (but v. supra; acc. of land Gie). b. acc. חֵילוֹ Ob 11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ 2 Ch 21:17, cattle, etc., 1 Ch 5:21; 2 Ch 14:14. c. pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Is 14:2; pt. c. sf. = their captives, etc., 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36; Is 14:2; Je 50:33, + 5 times; pt. pass. Is 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Gn 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword. 2. c. acc. cogn. שְׁבִי Ju 5:12 lead captive thy captives, cf. ψ 68:19 2 Ch 28:17, so (+ מִן pers.) Nu 21:1 (JE), and (acc. שִׁבְיָה) 2 Ch 28:5, 11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Dt 21:10 = take him captive. †Niph. be taken captive: Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבָּה, of man Gn 14:14, of beast Ex 22:9 (E), of עֵדֶר י׳ Je 13:17; 3 pl. נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. 1 S 30:3, 5; 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37; Ez 6:9.

† אָרַב vb. lie in wait (Arabic أَرُبَ i. was crafty, iii. went obliquely Dozy (knot) Frey)— Qal Pf. וְאָרַב consec. Dt 19:11 וַאֲרַבְתֶּם Ju 21:20; אָרָֽבְתִּי׃ Jb 31:9; אָֽרְבוּ ψ 59:4 La 4:19; Impf. יֶאֱרֹב ψ 10:9(×2); יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ Pr 1:18; Mi 7:2; וַיֶּֽאֶרְבוּ Ju 9:34; 16:2; נֶֽאֶרְבָה Pr 1:11; Imv. אֱרֹב Ju 9:32; Inf. אֱרָב־ Pr 12:6; Pt. אֹרֵב Jos 8:2 + 11 times; אוֹרֵב Jos 8:12 + 4 times; אֹרְבִים Jos 8:4 + 2 times;—lie in wait (with hostile purpose), abs. Ju 9:32, 43 + 21:20; Jb 31:9; ψ 10:9; Pr 7:12; 23:28; 1 S 22:8, 13; La 3:10 (of bear, cf. ψ 10:9); c. inf. of purpose ψ 10:9; c. acc. א׳ דָּם Pr 12:6; c. עַל, and pers. against whom Ju 9:34; usually c. ל Dt 19:11; Mi 7:2; Ju 16:2; ψ 59:4; Pr 1:11, 18; 24:15; La 4:19 cf. Jos 8:2, 4, 14; Pt. as subst. = liers-in-wait (pl.) Ju 20:29; usually sg. coll. ambush Jos 8:2, 12, 14, 19, 21; Ju 16:9, 12; 20:33, 36, 37(×2), 38 Ezr 8:31; pl. of this sing. = ambuscades Je 51:12; sg. = place of lying-in-wait, ambush (loc. sense) Jos 8:7. Pi. Pt. pl. מְאָֽרְבִים liers-in-wait. Qal Pt. Ju 9:25 (c. ל), 2 Ch 20:22 (c. עַל).? Hiph. Impf. וַיָּרֶב בנחל (for וַיַּאֲרֶב) 1 S 15:5 (cf. Dr Köi 390; Ges-Kau§68. 2 queries) but text dub.; cf. Ol§ 257 b, & Klo, who proposes ויעבר בנחל.

טַבָּח n.m. 1 S 9:23 1. cook, 2.guardsman;— †1. cook (who also killed the animal for food and served it) טַבָּח abs. 1 S 9:23, 24†. 2. elsewhere only pl. טַבָּחִים guardsmen, bodyguard (orig. royal slaughterers; v. RSOTJC 426 (262); Sem i. 1st ed., 396); always in the foll. combinations: שַׂר הַטּ׳ captain of Pharaoh’s bodyguard Gn 37:36; 39:1 (both J), 40:3, 4; 41:10, 12 (all E); רַב־ט׳ chief of Nebuchadr.’s bodyguard 2 K 25:8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20 Je 39:9 + 16 times Je (hence Aramaic רַב טַבָּחַיָּא Dn 2:14).

פְּקֻדָּה32 n.f. oversight, mustering, visitation, store;—abs. פ׳ Ho 9:7; 1 Ch 23:11; cstr. פְּקֻדַּת Nu 3:32 +; sf. פְּקֻדָּתוֹ 109:8, etc.; pl. פְּקֻדּ(וֹ)ת Je 52:11 +;— 1. visitation: a. = punishment Ho 9:7; Is 10:3; Mi 7:4; Ez 9:1; Nu 16:29 (P), especially in (שְׁנַת)עֵת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 8:12; 10:15 + 6 times Je (cf. עֵת c. פָּקַד 6:15; 49:8; 50:31), בֵּית הַפּ׳ = prison 52:11. b. gracious visitation, providence Jb 10:12. 2. a. oversight, charge Nu 4:16 (P), also 3:36 (P; redund.), 1 Ch 26:30; = office 2 Ch 23:18. b. overseer (abstr. for concr.), 2 K 11:18; Ez 44:11 (c. אֶל rei), Nu 3:32 (P); coll. = magistracy Is 60:17 (LagBN 151), cf. 2 Ch 24:11. c. class of officers 1 Ch 23:11; 24:3, 19. d. charge = thing entrusted Nu 4:16 (P). 3. mustering 2 Ch 17:14; 26:11. 4. store, things laid up, Is 15:7 ψ 109:8 (perhaps; Hup WeSkizzen vi. 184 al. office).

χῑλίαρχ-ος, ὁ, captain over a thousand, Refs 4th c.BC+: especially commandant of a garrison, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ={χιλιάρχης}Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 title of Persian court official, Refs 1st c.AD+; also in Macedonia, Refs 1st c.BC+

† מִשְׁמָר n.[m.] place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance;—abs. מ׳ Gn 42:17 +; cstr. מִשְׁמַר 40:3 +; sf. מִשְׁמָרוֹ Ne 7:3, etc.; pl. sf. -רָיו 13:14;— 1. gaol, prison, מ׳ בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים Gn 40:3, cf. v 4 (abs.), v 7; 41:10; 42:17 (abs.), + v 30 (𝔊), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם v 19 (all E); guard-house in camp Lv 24:12 (P), Nu 15:34 (P). 2. guard, Je 51:12; Ne 4:3, 16, אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳ v 17; guard-post 7:3; fig. of י׳ setting a guard, כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַי מ׳ Jb 7:12; band of (Levit.) guards or functionaries 1 Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24, 25 (cf. מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, מִכָּל־מ׳ Pr 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart.—לְמ׳ Ez 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy al. reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל. 3. pl. observances, services, of temple Ne 13:14.

ἑκᾰτόντ-αρχος, ὁ, ={ἑκατοντάρχης}, NT+5th c.BC+

ἵππος, ὁ, horse, ἡ, mare, most frequently feminine in Poets; in full θήλεες ἵπποι Refs 8th c.BC+ team of chariot-horses, Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, of the chariot itself, ἀφ᾽ ἵπποιιν, ἀφ᾽ ἵππων, from the chariot, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενος intending to mount his chariot, Refs; opposed to πεζοί, πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων Refs 8th c.BC+; of riders, νῶθ᾽ ἵππων ἐπιβάντες ἐθύνεον Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently of race-horses, ἵ. ἀκαμαντόποδες Refs 5th c.BC+., of ships, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 the constellation Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 title of Hecate in the Mithraic cult, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __4 perhaps an instrument of torture, Latin eculeus, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II as Collective Noun, ἵππος, ἡ, horse, cavalry, ἡ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ἵ. Refs 5th c.BC+ a thousand horse, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ διακοσία ἵ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III a sea-fish, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ὁ ἵ. ὁ ποτάμιος the hippopotamus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV lewd woman, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.b pudenda muliebria et virilia, Refs 5th c.AD+ __V a complaint of the eyes, such that they are always winking, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VI title of ministrants ('chuckersout') in certain religious ceremonies, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII in compounds, to express anything large or coarse, as in our horse-chestnut, horse-laugh, see at {ἱππό-κρημνος}, -λάπαθον, -μάραθον, -πορνος, -σέλινον, -τυφία, and compare βου-. (From ἴκϝος, see at {ἴκκος}; cf. Sanskrit aśvas, Latin equus: the ἴ- (in place of e-) and the aspirate are unexplained; the latter accusative to Refs 2nd c.AD+ was confined to Attic; compare Λεύκ-ιππος, Γλαύκ-ιππος.)

† שָׂכִיר adj. hired;—abs. שׂ׳ Ex 12:45 +, f. שְׂכִירָה Is 7:20; cstr. שְׂכִיר Lv 25:53; sf. שְׂכִירְךָ v 6; pl. sf. שְׂכִרֶיהָ Je 46:21;— 1. hired, of beast Ex 22:14 (E), razor Is 7:20 (fig.). 2. usually as subst. hireling, hired labourer Dt 15:18; 24:14; Lv 19:13; 22:10; 25:6, 40, 53 (all H), Ex 12:45; Lv 25:50 (both P), Mal 3:5; Jb 7:1, 2; 14:6; כִּשְׁנֵי שׂ׳ Is 16:14 years like a hireling’s years (reckoned strictly), so 21:16; mercenaries Je 46:21.

† מַטָּרָה and (La 3:12) מַטָּרָא n.f. 1. guard, ward, prison. 2. target, mark (as kept in the eye, watched, cf. נָצַר Pr 23:26, and σκόπος (watcher, mark) from σκέπτομαι; perhaps Nab. מט[רתא] Lzb323);—always abs.:— 1. guard, ward, prison, usually חֲצַר הַמּ׳ court of guard (v. i. חָצֵר) Je 32:2, 8, 12; 33:1; 37:21(×2); 38:6, 13, 28; 39:14, 15; Ne 3:25; שַׁעַר הַמּ׳ 12:39. 2. target, mark Jb 16:12 (fig. of י׳’s chastisement), כַּמַּטָּרָא לַחֵץ La 3:12 (sim. id.); lit. only 1 S 20:20.

† רַגְלִי adj. on foot;—אִישׁ ר׳ (after num.) footmen, especially foot-soldiers, Ju 20:2; 2 S 8:4 = 1 Ch 18:4; 1 Ch 19:18 (פָּרָשִׁים in ‖ 2 S 10:18); elsewhere ר׳ as subst., usually coll., of Isr. at Exod. Ex 12:37; Nu 11:21 (both JE); = foot-soldiery 1 S 4:10; 15:4; 2 S 10:6; 1 K 20:29; 2 K 13:7; n. pl. רַגְלִים footmen, men on foot Je 12:5 (opp. הַסּוּסִיס).

στρᾰτηγ-ός, ὁ (the feminine in Refs 5th c.BC+ and Doric dialect στρᾰτᾱγός Refs 4th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect στρότᾱγος Refs:— leader or commander of an army, general, Refs 7th c.BC+; ἀνὴρ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ναύαρχος (admiral), Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generally, commander, governor, πόλει κήρυγμα θεῖναι τὸν σ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 with genitive, στρατηγοὶ τοῦ πεζοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, παραλαβὼν.. οἶνον σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; στρατηγοὶ κυνηγεσίων masters of hounds, Refs 4th c.BC+; so strategum te facio huic convivio, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II at Athens, the title of 10 officers elected by yearly vote to command the army and navy, and conduct the war-department at home, commanders in chief and ministers of war, Refs 5th c.BC+; when distinguished from ναύαρχος and ἵππαρχος, the στρατηγός is commander of the infantry, Decrees cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; χειροτονηθεὶς σ. ἐπὶ τὸ ναυτικόν, ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα, Refs __II.2 also of chief magistrates of the cities of Asia Minor, Refs 5th c.BC+; of many other Greek states, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, military and civil governor of a nome, Refs 3rd c.BC+; also in other parts of the Ptolemaic empire, e.g. at Calynda in Caria, Refs 3rd c.BC+; in Cyprus, Refs 3rd c.BC+; σ. τῆς πόλεως at Alexandria, Refs 2nd c.AD+; at Ptolemais, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.4 σ. ὕπατος consul, Refs 2nd c.BC+; also ς. alone, Refs 2nd c.BC+ alone, see at {ὕπατο; σ. ἀνθύπατος} proconsul, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἑξαπέλεκυς σ. praetor, Refs 2nd c.BC+; used of the praetor urbanus, Refs 1st c.BC+; ς. alone, = praetor, Refs 1st c.BC+: also of the duumviri or chief magistrates of Roman colonies, as of Philippi, NT: later of the Comes Orientis, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.5 an officer who had the custody of the Temple at Jerusalem, ὁ σ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ NT+1st c.AD+ __II.6 νυκτερινὸς σ. superintendent of police at Alexandria, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.7 ={φαλαγγάρχης} (which see), Refs 2nd c.AD+

אֲחֵת Ezr 5:15 v. נְחַת.

† מַאֲרָב n.m. ambush—מַאֲרָב Jos 8:9 + 2 times; מַאְ֯רָב Ju 9:35; cstr. מַאֲרַב ψ 10:8;— 1. a. ambush, place of lying-in-wait Jos 8:9; Ju 9:35; b. lurking-place ψ 10:8 (‖ מִסְתָּרִים). 2. liers-in-wait 2 Ch 13:13(×2) (cf. ארב Pt.)

† I. [פָּרָשׁ n.] horse, steed (less common synon. of סוּס (> explained away by SchwallyZAW viii (1888), 191); Arabic فَرَسٌ horse, mare (often), so Ethiopic ፈረስ, cf. Sab. פרס horse, MordtmHim. Inschr. 70);—pl. פָּרָשִׁים (erron. for פְּרָשִׁים Köii, 1, 89) Ez 27:14 +, sf. פָּרָשָׁיו Is 28:28 1 S 8:11;—steeds Ez 27:14 (+ סוּסִים, פְּרָדִים), from Togarmah; sim. of swiftness Jo 2:4 (‖ סוּסִים); prob. also Is 28:28 Je 46:4 (‖ סוּסִים, cf. Gf Gie), and perhaps וְשָׂם לוֹ בְּמֶרְכַבְתּוֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁיו וְרָצוּ וגו׳ 1 S 8:11 (kg. subj.).

αἰχμᾰλ-ωτίζω, take prisoner, LXX+1st c.BC+:—more frequently in middle, αἰχμαλωτίζομαιRefs 1st c.AD+: future -ίσομαιRefs: aorist ᾐχμαλωτισάμηνRefs 1st c.BC+: perfect ᾐχμαλώτισμαιRefs 1st c.AD+; also in passive sense, Refs

λεγεών, ῶνος, ἡ, = Latin legio, NT+1st c.AD+:—frequently written λεγιών, Refs: —hence λεγιονάριος, ὁ, Refs

† אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִים n.m.pl. satraps (Pers. Khshatřapâvan, protectors of the realm, v. SpiegAPK 215 = ἐξατράπης, σατράπης, cf. Lag G. Abh. 68, 14; Sem. i. 42f, who rds אַחְשַׁדְרְפָן)—א׳ Est 8:9; 9:3; cstr. אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי 3:12 Ezr 8:36.

κεντορίων, ωνος, ὁ, = Latin centurio, Refs:—also κεντουρίων, Refs 6th c.AD+; κεντυρίων, NT

κουστωδία, ἡ, = Latin custodia, NT

φῠλᾰκ-τήριος, α, ον, serving as a protection, τὰ περί τι φ. Refs 5th c.BC+, φῠλᾰκ-της, ου, ὁ, one who preserves, τῶν ἰδίων ἐθῶν Refs 1st c.AD+ __II ={φυλακτήρ}, a magistrate at Cumae, Refs 1st c.AD+

† רַכָּב n.m. 1. charioteer, רַכָּבוֹ 1 K 22:34 = הָרַכָּב 2 Ch 18:33. 2. horseman, רַכָּב 2 K 9:17 (= רֹכֵב (ה)סוּם v 18, 19).

ἐνέδρ-α, ἡ, sitting in: hence, lying in wait, ambush, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ τῆς ἐ. ἀνίστασθαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __b men laid in ambush, τὴν ἐ. ἐζανιστάναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, trickery, treachery, δόλου καὶ ἐνέδρας πλήρης Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἐνέδρας, opposed to φανερῶς, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II position, ναρθήκων Refs 5th c.BC+ __III delay, περί τι Refs 3rd c.AD+

ζωγρ-έω, (ζωός, ἀγρέω) take, save alive, take captive instead of killing, ζώγρει, Ἀτρέος υἱέ, σὺ δ᾽ ἄξια δέξαι ἄποινα Refs 8th c.BC+; πλὴν μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς ζωγροῦντας provided that they do not spare him alive, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to διαφθείρειν, ἀποκτεῖναι, NT+2nd c.BC+; of ships, ἃς ἐζώγρησεν αὐτάνδρους Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II restore to life and strength, revive, περὶ δὲ πνοιὴ Βορέαο ζώγρει ἐπιπνείουσα Refs 8th c.BC+; preserve alive, ζώγρει, δέσποτ᾽ ἄναξ, τὸν σὸν ναετῆρα Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἱππ-εύς, genitive έως (-έω uncertain in Refs 5th c.AD+, Epic dialect ῆος, ὁ, (ἵππος) one who fights from a chariot, Refs 8th c.BC+; either of the driver or of the hero who fights, Refs; also of one who drives in a chariot-race, Refs __2 horseman, rider, cavalryman, ἰππήων στρότος Refs 7th c.BC+; τῆς πολιτείας ἱ. a public courier, Refs 5th c.AD+ __3 groom, Class.Rev.Refs __II ἱππεῖς, in social and political sense, knights, forming an aristocracy in early Greek communities, Refs 4th c.BC+; at Sparta, a royal bodyguard, Refs 5th c.BC+; later, an aristocratic corps of cavalry, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of the Roman equites, Refs 1st c.BC+; ἱππεὺς Ῥωμαίων,= Latin eques Romanus, Refs __III nimble kind of crab, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV kind of comet, Refs 1st c.AD+ __V girl's ornament, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __VI a measure, πυρῶν, ἀμυγδάλων, ἀλεύρων, Refs

Included with: πεζός, ή, όν, (see. πούς): __1 in Poets, especially Epic dialect, __1.a on foot, walking, πεζοί fighters on foot, opposed to those in chariots, πεζοί θ᾽ ἱππῆές τε Refs 8th c.BC+; πλῆτο δὲ πᾶν πεδίον πεζῶν τε καὶ ἵππων Refs 8th c.BC+ __1.b on land, going by land, opposed to sea-faring, especiallyin Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἢ π. Refs 8th c.BC+ __2in Prose, ὁ π. (with or without στρατός), __2.a sometimes infantry, opposed to cavalry (ἡ ἵππος), Refs 5th c.BC+; but, __2.b more frequently land-force, army, opposed to naval force, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ π. variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; στρατιὰ καὶ ναυτικὴ καὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ π. κράτιστοι strongest by land, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ π. μάχη battle by land, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν τοῖς ναυτικοῖς κινδύνοις, ὥσπερ ἐν τοῖς π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of animals, land, opposed to birds and fishes, τὰ π. καὶ τὰ πτηνά beasts and birds, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. καὶ ἔνυδρονRefs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically Refs 3rd c.BC+, of language, prosaic, λόγοι π. proseRefs 1st c.BC+; διὰ πεζῶν [λ.] Refs 1st c.BC+; ἡ π. διάλεκτος Refs 1st c.BC+; ἡ π. alone, Refs 1st c.BC+; π. τις ποιητική, of bombastic prose, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κομιδῇ πεζὸν καὶ χαμαιπετέςRefs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 of verse, unaccompanied by music, καὶ πεζὰ καὶ φορμικτά Refs 5th c.BC+; πεζῷ γόῳ· ἄνευ αὐλοῦ ἢ λύρας, Refs 9th c.AD+ __II.3 common, ordinary, ἑταῖραι Refs 5th c.BC+ __III dative feminine πεζῇ (i.e. ὁδῷ) as adverb, __III.1 on foot, opposed to σὺν ἵππῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.1.b more commonly, by land, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἕπεσθαι to follow by land, Refs 5th c.BC+; καὶ π. καὶ ναυμαχοῦντες by land and by sea, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 without musical accompanimentRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 regular adverb πεζῶς in prose, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV comparative πεζότερος more like a foot-journey, Refs 1st c.AD+; more like prose, στίχοι π. τῇ συνθέσει Refs 8th c.BC+

† [אֶ֫רֶב], אָ֑רֶב n.[m.]— 1. a lying-in-wait Jb 38:40. 2. covert, lair 37:8 (‖ מְעוֹנוֹת).

—

† [שִׁמֻּר] n.[m.] watching, vigil (so Di; > observance);—pl. לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים לי׳ Ex 12:42 a night of vigils to י׳, שׁ׳ לְכָל־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v 42.

† תַּרְתָּן n.m. title of Assyrian general = field-marshal (loan-word from Assyrian tartânu, turtânu DlWB 716 TieleGesch. 495 f. PinchesHast. DB Tartan JohnsEncy. Bib. Id.);—Is 20:1 2 K 18:17 (+ רַב־סָרִיס, רַב־שָׁקֵה; only this last in ‖ Is 36:2).

αἰχμᾰλ-ωτεύω, = {αἰχμαλωτίζω}, LXX+NT; capture, πλοῦτονRefs 3rd c.AD+

ἅλ-ωσις, εως, Ionic dialect ιος, ἡ, capture, Refs 5th c.BC+; δαΐων ἅ. conquest by enemy, Refs: means of conquest, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 taking, catching of birds and fish, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἑαλωκότες ἰσχυρὰν ἅλωσιν taken without power to escape, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II law-term, conviction, Refs 5th c.BC+

Ἀσι-άρχης, ου, ὁ, an Asiarch, priest of the Imperial cult in the province of Asia, NT+1st c.BC+:—hence Ἀσι-αρχέω, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἱππικός, ή, όν, (ἵππος) of a horse or horses, frequently in Trag., ἱ. ἐκ πλευμόνων Refs 4th c.BC+; ἱ. φρυάγματαRefs 5th c.BC+; ὀχήματα, ἄντυγες,Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of horsemen or chariots, ἀγών Refs 5th c.BC+; ναυάγιαRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 = Latin equester, τάξις, ἀξίωμα, Refs 1st c.BC+; of persons, of equestrian rank, ἱ. ἄνδρες Refs 1st c.BC+ __II of riding or horsemanship, equestrian, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἱ. ἄσκησις training in horsemanship, Refs; ἱ. ἡγήτωρ leader of the knights, Refs; skilled in riding, opposed to ἄφιππος, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative, Refs 1st c.BC+ K.: superlative, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 ἡ -κή (i.e. τέχνη), horsemanship, riding, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ -κῆς, title of treatise by Xenophon; ἱ. ἐπιστήμη Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἱ. [πράγματα] Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐμὴ ἱ. this riding of mine, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III fit for riding, superlative -ώτατον, χρῆμα γυνή Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV τὸ ἱ. the horse, cavalry, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἱ. Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV.2 course or space of four stadia, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV.2.b the circus at Rome, Refs __V adverb -κῶς like a horseman: superlative -κώτατα with best horsemanship, Refs 5th c.BC+

κατάσκοπ-ος, ὁ, one who reconnoitres, scout, spy, Refs 5th c.BC+; πεμφθεὶς Ἰλίου κ. Refs 6th c.BC+. __2 examiner, inspector, Refs 5th c.BC+. __II κατάσκοπος, ον, closely covered, Refs 2nd c.AD+

πεζ-εύω, go or travel on foot, walk, ἐπὶ γαίας πόδα πεζεύων (where πόδα is pleonastic) Refs 5th c.BC+; π. περὶ τὴν τροφήν, of certain birds, Refs __2 go or travel by land, opposed to going by sea, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ πεζεύοντες land-forces, Refs 4th c.BC+; π.διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης, of Xerxes passing by his bridge over the Hellespont, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὴν θάλασσαν pass it like dry land, Refs 2nd c.AD+; simply, march, pass through, ἀνοδίας Refs 1st c.AD+:— passive, ὁ Ἄθως πλείσθω καὶ ὁ Ἑλλήσποντος πεζευέσθω Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἡ ἐκ Βρεντεσίου πεζευομένη ὁδός by land, Refs 1st c.BC+; πεζεύεται impersonal, ταῖς ἁρμαμάξαις Refs

σπεκουλάτωρ, ορος, ὁ, = Latin speculator, properly scout: but in the Roman Imperial army, __1 one of the principales or head-quarters' staff of a legionary commander or provincial governor (whose duties included the carrying out of executions), NT+4th c.AD+ __2 one of the Imperial body-guard (speculatores Augusti),= δορυφόρος, Refs

στρᾰτο-λογέω, (λέγω (B)) levy an army, enlist soldiers, Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, ἐκ συμμάχων στρατολογηθέντων Refs 1st c.BC+

στρᾰτοπεδ-άρχης, ου, ὁ, military commander, Refs 1st c.BC+; = praefectus castrorum, Refs 2nd c.AD+

σῡλᾰγωγέω, (σῦλον) carry off as booty, lead captive, τινα NT+3rd c.AD+ __II rob, despoil, τὸν οἶκον Refs 5th c.AD+

τετρᾰδ-ιον, τό, a guard of soldiers (normally consisting of four men), NT+1st c.AD+ __II quaternion of parchment, Refs 4th c.AD+; compare τετράδειον.

† אַלְקוּם band of soldiers (= Ar. القَومُ, people; so E. Castle, Thes etc., cf. CheJob & Sol. 175; > text. error for אֱלֹהִים Hi cf. Now) Pr 30:31.

† [חָלַט] vb. only וַיַּחְלְטוּ הֲמִמֶּנּוּ 1 K 20:33, read prob. וַיַּחְלְטוּהָ מִמֶּנּוּ (cf. 𝔊 ἀνέλεξαν τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ and StaG i. 445f.) and they snatched it from him, caught the word from his lips; Sta§ 529a as Qal ; Köi. 251 Ges§ 53. 3 R 4 and most as Hiph. , with—ִ om.

† [טַבָּח] n.m. guardsman (v. BH id.; √ טבח);—pl. emph. טַבָּחַיָּא Dn 2:14.

† [מוֹעָד] n.[m.] appointed place (of soldier in army); pl. sf. מוֹעָדָיו i.e. his ranks Is 14:31, so Thes SS RVm Ew De Che Dr Du; his places of assemblage Di; at his appointed times RV.

† [סוּסָה] n.f. mare;—c. sf. סֻסָתִי Ct 1:9.—Cf. also חֲצַר סוּסָה.

† פְּקִדֻת n.f. oversight;—בַּעַל פ׳ Je 37:13 sentinel.

† [צִפִּיָּה] n.f. outlook-post(?);—sf. בְּצִפִּיָּתֵנוּ צִפִּינוּ La 4:17 (BaNB 139; Bi [for both] בְּצַפּוֹתֵנוּ).

† שָׁמְרָה n.f. guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי ψ 141:3 (‖ נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

† [שְׁמֻרָה] n.f. eye-lid (from its guarding the eye);—pl. cstr. שְׁמֻרוֹת עֵינָ֑י ψ 77:5.