Guards and Watchers

† רוּץ vb. run (NH id. (rare); Ethiopic ሮጸ Zinj. Pf. 1 s. רצת; = Aramaic רְהַט; ܪܗܰܛ (WSG 47); cf. Assyrian râṣu, be helpful (i.e. run to help?));— Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָץ Gn 18:7; 2 ms. רַצְתָּה Je 12:5, etc.; Impf. יָרוּץ Hb 2:2 +, יָרֻץ Jb 16:14, וַיָּ֫רָץ Gn 18:2 +, וַיָּרֹ֑ץ 2 S 18:21; 1 s. sf. ארוצם Je 50:44 Kt (but רָצַץ" dir="rtl" >רצץ]; Imv. ms. רוּץ 2 S 18:23 2 K 4:26, רֻץ 1 S 20:36 Zc 2:8; Inf. cstr. לָרוּץ 1 S 20:6 +; Pt. רָץ 2 S 18:22 +, pl. רָצִים 1 S 22:17 +, רָצִין 2 K 11:13 (Ges§ 87 e);— 1. run, c. אֶל loc. Gn 18:7; 24:20 (both J), Nu 17:12 (P), אֶל pers. Gn 24:29 (J; + ה loc.), 1 S 3:5; Is 55:5 (fig.), with hostility, against, Jb 15:26 (fig.), so goat against ram Dn 8:6, עַלִ pers., against Jb 16:14; ה loc. also Jos 7:22, לְבֵיתוֹ Hg 1:9, לָרַע Is 59:7; Pr 1:16; acc. loc. 1 S 20:6; 17:22, 48 (+ לִקְרַאת); ב loc. on (ב II. 2), of horses Am 6:12, locusts Jo 2:9; into Pr 18:10 (fig.); מִן loc. 1 S 4:12, so MT 2 K 23:12 (= he went quickly thence, but text perhaps corrupt, v. Kit Benz, and cf.> Hiph. infr.); אַחֲרֵי pers. 2 S 18:22; 1 K 19:20; 2 K 5:20, 21; Ct 1:4, עַד pers. 2 K 4:22; לִפְנֵי pers. 2 S 15:1; 1 K 1:5 (both of royal escort, 2), 18:46 (+ עַד loc.), לִפְנֵי rei 1 S 8:11; אֵת pers. accomp. Je 12:5; c. acc. of way, אֹרַח ψ 19:6, דֶּרֶךְ 2 S 18:23; ψ 119:132 (fig.); as prelim., + inf. לִקְרַאת run to meet Gn 18:2; 24:17; 29:13; 33:4 (all J), 2 K 4:26; Je 51:31 + vb. fin. Gn 24:28; 29:12 (both J), Nu 11:27; Jos 8:19 (both JE), Ju 7:21; 13:10; 1 S 10:23; 17:51; 2 S 18:19; ψ 59:5; as imv. + imv. 1 S 20:36; Zc 2:8; abs. 1 S 20:36; Is 40:31; 2 Ch 23:12 (v. 2 a), Pr 4:12; 6:18 (of feet), of locusts Jo 2:4, 7; specif., run as messenger 2 S 18:21, 22, 23(×2), 24, 26(×2), fig. of prophet’s activity Je 23:21, of י׳’s word ψ 147:15; fig. of reading smoothly, יָרוּץ קוֹרֵא בוֹ Hb 2:2.—ψ 18:30 = 2 S 22:30 read אָרֹץ (for אָרֻץ, אָרוּץ), √ רצץ Ew Ol Che Bae al. 2. Pt. as subst.: a. pl. הָרָצִים the runners (proposes 3, as royal escort, cf. vb. 2 S 15:1; 1 K 1:5; then) of royal body-guard 1 S 22:17; 1 K 14:27, 28(×2) = 2 Ch 12:10, 11(×2); 2 K 10:25(×2); 11:4, 6, 11, 19(×2).—(הָעָם) הָרָצִין v13 is gloss (Kit Benz; whence [easier] הָעָם הָרָצִים 2 Ch 23:12 v. 1).—Pr 29:6 for יָרֻן Pinsk Toy favour יָרוּץ. b. runner = (royal messenger, post, late), רָץ Je 51:31(×2) (‖ מַגִּיד), cf. Jb 9:25 (as swift); הָרָצִים 2 Ch 30:6, 10; Est 3:13, 15, riders הָר׳ בַּסּוּסִים 8:10, הָר׳ רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ v14. Pōʿlēl Impf. 3 mpl. יְרוֹצֵ֑צוּ Na 2:5 they run swiftly, dart (like lightning; of chariots). Hiph. cause to run: 1. bring, or move, quickly, Impf. 3 mpl. sf. וַיְרִיצֻהוּ, מִן loc. Gn 41:14 (E), read perhaps also 3 ms. וַיָּרֶץ 2 K 23:12 (acc. om.; for MT וַיָּרָץ v. Qal); ל pers., acc. rei om. וַיָּרִיצוּ 2 Ch 35:13; Imv. ms. הָרֵץ 1 S 17:17 (+ acc. loc., ל pers.); Impf. 3 fs. תָּרִיץ יָדָיו ψ 68:32 quickly stretch out hands, לֵאלֹהִים (viz. with offerings). 2. c. מֵעַל = drive away from, 1 s., sf. 3 ms., אֲרִיצֶנּוּ Je 49:19, so read prob. also in ‖ 50:44 (Qr אֲרִיצֵם, > Kt ארוצם).

מִשְׁמֶ֫רֶת78 n.f. guard, watch, also charge, function;—מ׳ abs. 2 S 20:3 +, cstr. 2 K 11:5 +; abs. מִשְׁמָ֑רֶת Ex 16:34; sf. מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Gn 26:5 +, etc.; pl. מִשְׁמָרוֹת 1 Ch 9:23 +; cstr. מִשְׁמְרוֹת Ne 7:3; sf. -רוֹתָם 2 Ch 7:6 +, -תֵיהֶם 2 Ch 31:17;— †1. guard, watch: בֵּית מ׳ 2 S 20:3 = house of detention, confinement; מ׳ אַתָּה עִמָּדִי 1 S 22:23 i.e. protected, secure; c. שָׁמַר keep the watch 2 K 11:5, 6, 7; 1 Ch 12:30 (van d. H. v 29); = post of watch (fig.) Is 21:8 (‖ מִצְפֶּה), Hb 2:1 (‖ מָצוֹר); pl. = guards Ne 7:3; 1 Ch 9:23. †2. keeping, preserving, וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמ׳ Ex 12:6 i.e. ye shall keep it; הַנִּיחוּ לָכֶם לְמ׳ 16:23, cf. v 32, 33, 34; Nu 17:25; 19:9 (all P). †3. charge, injunction of י׳, c. שָׁמַר, in gen. Dt 11:1 (+ חֻקּוֹת, מִשְׁפָּטִים, מִצְוֹת), cf. Gn 26:5; 1 K 2:3, and (מ׳ מִצְוַת י׳) Jos 22:3 (all RD), Mal 3:14; of specif. injunctions Lv 18:30; Nu 9:19, 23. †4. a. ceremoniral office or function (AV RV usually charge) of priest or Levite (P [especially Nu], Ez 40, 44, 48, Chr Zc), mostly c. שָׁמַר: מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדוּת Nu 1:53, מ׳ מִשְׁכַּן י׳ 31:30, 47, מ׳ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ Ez 44:15; Nu 3:38, מ׳ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד 18:4 cf. v 3; 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Nu 3:28, 32; 18:5 1 Ch 23:32, מ׳ קָדָשַׁי (of Isr. in gen.) Ez 44:8, מ׳ ה��מִּזְבֵּחַ Nu 18:5; Ez 40:46, תְּרוּמֹתָ֑י Nu 18:8, מ׳ הַבַּיִת Ez 40:45; 44:14, מ׳ הַטָּהֳרָה Ne 12:45; c. genit. (sf.) שׁ׳ מ׳ = perform the service imposed by, due to, Lv 8:35; 22:9; Ez 44:8, 16; 48:11; Zc 3:7, מ׳ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Ne 12:45 (of Judah in gen.); מ׳ הָעֵדָה Nu 3:7a, מ׳ בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ 3:8, 38, מ׳ בְּנֵי גֵרְשׁוֹן 3:25, cf. v 7a, 31, 36; 4:27, 28, 31, 32; 18:3; 1 Ch 23:32; also, in secular sense, מ׳ בֵּית שָׁאוּל 1 Ch 12:30; מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם Nu 4:31, כְּלֵי מ׳ מַשָּׂאָם v 32 (v 27 read c. 𝔊 Di Gr Gray, etc. בְּשֵׁמוֹת for במ׳, and perhaps מִשְׁמֶרֶת after אֵת, cf. v 32); עֲלֵיהֶם מ׳ 1 Ch 9:27 i.e. the duty rested upon them;—25:8; 26:12 v. i. עֻמָּה" dir="rtl" >עֻמָּה c, d (p. 769 supr.); עַל־מ׳ עֹמְדִים 2 Ch 7:6 were standing according to (or in) their offices, הֱעֶמִיד עַל מ׳ appoint to their offices 8:14; 35:2. b. pl. of Levitical divisions for service Ne 12:9.

φῠλᾰκ-ή, ἡ, (φύλαξ) watching or guarding, especially by night, φυλακῆς μνήσασθε Refs 8th c.BC+; φυλακὰς ἔχειν keep watch and ward, Refs; φ. κατέχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴ ἔχει αὐτόν watching engages him, variant in Refs 8th c.BC+ tell an unarmed man to stand on the defensive, i.e. to give commands that cannot be obeyed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως ἀφανὴς εἴη ἡ φ. that there might be nothing visible to watch, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς φυλάξειν keep watch and ward, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὰς καταστήσασθαι, κατασκευάσασθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 watch or guard, of persons, NT+5th c.BC+; φ. τοῦ σώματος a body guard, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; garrison of a place or fortress, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἐν τῇ Ναυπάκτῳ φ., of a squadron of ships, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b the rank of φύλακες, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 station, post, Refs 8th c.BC+; Διὸς φ., Refs 4th c.BC+ name for the centre of the universe, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 of time, a watch of the night, ἐπεὰν τῆς νυκτὸς ἦ δευτέρη φ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρώτης φ. ἀρχομένης Wilcken Refs 3rd c.BC+; φυλακαῖσι νυκτέροισιν Refs 5th c.BC+: of these there were three, accusative to Refs 5th c.BC+; but five are mentioned in Refs 7th c.BC+; and the Roman division was four, NT __5 place for keeping others in, ward, prison, δημοσία φ. NT+1st c.BC+; πολιτικὴ φ. the town-prison, Refs 1st c.AD+ __6 Astrology texts ={ταπείνωμα}, Refs __II guarding, keeping, preserving, whether for security or custody, ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχειν τινά Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Ἰσθμὸν ἔχειν ἐν φ. to keep the Isthmus guarded or occupied, Refs; τὸν ἠνείκαντο γλώσσης χαρακτῆρα τοῦτον ἔχειν ἐν φ. to preserve the same character of language, Refs 6th c.BC+; στόματος φυλακᾷ κατασχεῖν φθόγγον probably in Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν φ. σχεθέμεν μεγάλᾳ be very ware of, Refs 5th c.BC+; φυλακὴν ἔχειν, ={φυλάττεσθαι}, keep guard, be on the watch, περί τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἔχειν μή.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. λαμβάνειν μή.. Refs 4th c.BC+; δεινῶς ἦσαν ἐν φυλακῇσι were straitly on their guard, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 custody of property, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 safeguard, τὴν μεγίστην φ. ἀνῄρηκε τῆς πόλεως its chief safeguard, Refs 5th c.BC+; δημοκρατίας, μοναρχίας φ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III (from middle) precaution, πολλῆς φ. ἔργον Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 with genitive, precaution against, εὐλάβεια φ. κακοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+

טַבָּח n.m. 1 S 9:23 1. cook, 2.guardsman;— †1. cook (who also killed the animal for food and served it) טַבָּח abs. 1 S 9:23, 24†. 2. elsewhere only pl. טַבָּחִים guardsmen, bodyguard (orig. royal slaughterers; v. RSOTJC 426 (262); Sem i. 1st ed., 396); always in the foll. combinations: שַׂר הַטּ׳ captain of Pharaoh’s bodyguard Gn 37:36; 39:1 (both J), 40:3, 4; 41:10, 12 (all E); רַב־ט׳ chief of Nebuchadr.’s bodyguard 2 K 25:8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20 Je 39:9 + 16 times Je (hence Aramaic רַב טַבָּחַיָּא Dn 2:14).

פְּקֻדָּה32 n.f. oversight, mustering, visitation, store;—abs. פ׳ Ho 9:7; 1 Ch 23:11; cstr. פְּקֻדַּת Nu 3:32 +; sf. פְּקֻדָּתוֹ 109:8, etc.; pl. פְּקֻדּ(וֹ)ת Je 52:11 +;— 1. visitation: a. = punishment Ho 9:7; Is 10:3; Mi 7:4; Ez 9:1; Nu 16:29 (P), especially in (שְׁנַת)עֵת פְּקֻדָּתָם Je 8:12; 10:15 + 6 times Je (cf. עֵת c. פָּקַד 6:15; 49:8; 50:31), בֵּית הַפּ׳ = prison 52:11. b. gracious visitation, providence Jb 10:12. 2. a. oversight, charge Nu 4:16 (P), also 3:36 (P; redund.), 1 Ch 26:30; = office 2 Ch 23:18. b. overseer (abstr. for concr.), 2 K 11:18; Ez 44:11 (c. אֶל rei), Nu 3:32 (P); coll. = magistracy Is 60:17 (LagBN 151), cf. 2 Ch 24:11. c. class of officers 1 Ch 23:11; 24:3, 19. d. charge = thing entrusted Nu 4:16 (P). 3. mustering 2 Ch 17:14; 26:11. 4. store, things laid up, Is 15:7 ψ 109:8 (perhaps; Hup WeSkizzen vi. 184 al. office).

† מִשְׁמָר n.[m.] place of confinement, gaol, prison; late, guard, watch, observance;—abs. מ׳ Gn 42:17 +; cstr. מִשְׁמַר 40:3 +; sf. מִשְׁמָרוֹ Ne 7:3, etc.; pl. sf. -רָיו 13:14;— 1. gaol, prison, מ׳ בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים Gn 40:3, cf. v 4 (abs.), v 7; 41:10; 42:17 (abs.), + v 30 (𝔊), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם v 19 (all E); guard-house in camp Lv 24:12 (P), Nu 15:34 (P). 2. guard, Je 51:12; Ne 4:3, 16, אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ׳ v 17; guard-post 7:3; fig. of י׳ setting a guard, כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַי מ׳ Jb 7:12; band of (Levit.) guards or functionaries 1 Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24, 25 (cf. מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, מִכָּל־מ׳ Pr 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart.—לְמ׳ Ez 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy al. reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל. 3. pl. observances, services, of temple Ne 13:14.

† מַטָּרָה and (La 3:12) מַטָּרָא n.f. 1. guard, ward, prison. 2. target, mark (as kept in the eye, watched, cf. נָצַר Pr 23:26, and σκόπος (watcher, mark) from σκέπτομαι; perhaps Nab. מט[רתא] Lzb323);—always abs.:— 1. guard, ward, prison, usually חֲצַר הַמּ׳ court of guard (v. i. חָצֵר) Je 32:2, 8, 12; 33:1; 37:21(×2); 38:6, 13, 28; 39:14, 15; Ne 3:25; שַׁעַר הַמּ׳ 12:39. 2. target, mark Jb 16:12 (fig. of י׳’s chastisement), כַּמַּטָּרָא לַחֵץ La 3:12 (sim. id.); lit. only 1 S 20:20.

κουστωδία, ἡ, = Latin custodia, NT

φῠλᾰκ-τήριος, α, ον, serving as a protection, τὰ περί τι φ. Refs 5th c.BC+, φῠλᾰκ-της, ου, ὁ, one who preserves, τῶν ἰδίων ἐθῶν Refs 1st c.AD+ __II ={φυλακτήρ}, a magistrate at Cumae, Refs 1st c.AD+

† [שִׁמֻּר] n.[m.] watching, vigil (so Di; > observance);—pl. לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים לי׳ Ex 12:42 a night of vigils to י׳, שׁ׳ לְכָל־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v 42.

τετρᾰδ-ιον, τό, a guard of soldiers (normally consisting of four men), NT+1st c.AD+ __II quaternion of parchment, Refs 4th c.AD+; compare τετράδειον.

† [טַבָּח] n.m. guardsman (v. BH id.; √ טבח);—pl. emph. טַבָּחַיָּא Dn 2:14.

† פְּקִדֻת n.f. oversight;—בַּעַל פ׳ Je 37:13 sentinel.

† [צִפִּיָּה] n.f. outlook-post(?);—sf. בְּצִפִּיָּתֵנוּ צִפִּינוּ La 4:17 (BaNB 139; Bi [for both] בְּצַפּוֹתֵנוּ).

† שָׁמְרָה n.f. guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי ψ 141:3 (‖ נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

† [שְׁמֻרָה] n.f. eye-lid (from its guarding the eye);—pl. cstr. שְׁמֻרוֹת עֵינָ֑י ψ 77:5.