אֵילָם H0361
portico, porch — the covered vestibule or colonnaded entry structure of Ezekiel's visionary temple
Elam (also spelled eilam) is an architectural term for a portico, porch, or vestibule, appearing 27 times exclusively within Ezekiel's detailed vision of the restored temple (Ezek 40-41). It is a variant of the more common ulam and designates the covered entry structure that fronted each gate complex in the prophet's measured plan. The term appears repeatedly as Ezekiel's angelic guide measures the porches of the east gate (Ezek 40:16, 21-22), the north gate (Ezek 40:24-26), and the south gate (Ezek 40:29-31, 33-34), with each gate's porch facing the outer court. The portico of the inner temple itself also receives measurement (Ezek 40:48-49; 41:15, 25-26). Because the word occurs only in these architectural specifications, its meaning is fixed by context: a roofed columned entryway. The textual tradition shows considerable variation between ketiv and qere forms (eilammo vs. eilammav, 'its porch' vs. 'its porches'), suggesting early scribal uncertainty about number. Spanish renders it 'portico,' German 'Vorhalle' — both capturing the entrance-hall sense precisely.
Senses
1. portico, porch (architectural structure) — The covered portico or vestibule fronting each gate complex and the inner sanctuary in Ezekiel's temple vision (Ezek 40-41). A variant of the more common ulam, this term is confined entirely to Ezekiel's architectural measurements, where the angelic guide records the dimensions of each gate's porch — east (Ezek 40:16, 21-22), north (Ezek 40:24-26), south (Ezek 40:29-31, 33-34) — and the vestibule of the temple proper (Ezek 40:48-49; 41:15, 25-26). Ketiv/qere variation between singular and plural forms suggests early textual fluidity. Spanish 'portico' and German 'Vorhalle' converge on the entrance-hall concept. 27×
AR["وَأَرْوِقَتَهُ", "وَأَرْوِقَتُهُ", "وَرِوَاقُهُ"]·ben["(এবং-তার-বারান্দাগুলি)", "[এবং-তার-বারান্দা]", "[এবং-তার-বারান্দায়]", "এবং-তার-বারান্দাগুলি"]·DE["und-Vorhalle"]·EN["[ketiv]", "and-its-porches"]·FR["[ואילמו]", "[ואילמיו]", "[ואלמו]", "[ואלמו]", "[ואלמיו]", "[ולאילמו]", "[ולאלמו]"]·heb["ו-אילמיו", "ו-אלמיו", "ו-ל-אילמיו", "ו-ל-אלמיו"]·HI["और-उसके-द्वार-मंडप", "और-उसके-द्वार-मंडपों-की"]·ID["[]", "dan-ruang-depannya", "dan-ruang-ruang-depannya"]·IT["e-vestibolo"]·jav["*", "lan-sèrambi-nipun"]·KO["복도-그의는", "복도들-그의", "복도들-그의-에게"]·PT["(e-seus-vestíbulos)", "E-seu-vestíbulo", "[e-para-seus-vestíbulos]", "[e-seus-vestíbulos]"]·RU["и-притворы-его"]·ES["(y-sus-pórticos)", "Y-su-pórtico", "[y-a-sus-pórticos]", "[y-sus-pórticos]"]·SW["Ukumbi-wake", "[ukumbi]", "ukumbi-wake"]·TR["(ve-sundurmaları)", "(ve-sundurmalarını)", "[ve-sundurmaları]", "[ve-sundurmalarına]", "[ve-sundurmalarını]", "ve-sundurmaları"]·urd["اور-اُس-کی-ڈیوڑھیاں", "اور-اُس-کی-ڈیوڑھیوں-کو", "اُس-کی-ڈیوڑھیاں"]
Ezek 40:16, Ezek 40:21, Ezek 40:21, Ezek 40:22, Ezek 40:22, Ezek 40:22, Ezek 40:22, Ezek 40:24, Ezek 40:24, Ezek 40:25, Ezek 40:25, Ezek 40:26 (+15 more)
Related Senses
H1129 1. Qal: build, construct (316×)H2691a 1. court, courtyard, enclosure (142×)G4864 1. synagogue, place of Jewish assembly (56×)G5438 1. prison, place of confinement (41×)H4013 1. fortress, stronghold (37×)H0875 1. well, cistern (dug water source) (35×)H0352b 1. pillar or jamb of gateway (32×)H2474 1. window, opening in wall (32×)H1406 1. roof / rooftop (31×)H4609b 1. steps, stairs, stairway (31×)H1129 2. Nifal: be built, be established (30×)H1129 3. Qal participle: builder (27×)H1219 1. fortified, inaccessible (25×)H4581 1. fortress, stronghold (25×)H3805 1. capital of a pillar (24×)H4350 1. stand, base, pedestal (24×)H0759 1. palace, royal residence (21×)H4692 1. siege, besiegement (20×)G3618 1. build or construct physically (19×)H3332 2. cast molten metal (18×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[אֵילָם] n.m. porch (= אוּלָם, q.v.; only Ez, where Co always for אוּלָם, cf. 𝔊 αἰλαμ; BöNÄ 929 makes אילם vestibule, אולם porch)—אֵילָם read for אֵילִים Ez 40:37 (so Sm Co); sf. אילמו Kt Ez 40:22(×2) + 4 times (Qr אֵילַמָּיו) + 41:15 Co (for MT אֻלַמֵּי); אלמו Kt Ez 40:21 + 6 times (Qr אֵלַמָּיו).—Co all sg.:—pl. אֵלַמּוֹת Ez 40:16 (Co sg.) v 30 (del. Co cf. MSS. of ℌ, B etc., also Ew Hi Sm).—porch, of Ezek.’s temple Ez 40:16, 21 + 13 times.