φόνος G5408
Murder, killing, slaughter; the unlawful or violent taking of human life.
Phonos denotes the act of murder or violent killing. Derived from the root found in theino ('to strike'), it carries the weight of deliberate, unlawful bloodshed. Jesus lists it among the evils that proceed from the heart (Matt 15:19; Mark 7:21), and Luke uses it to describe Barabbas's crime (Luke 23:19, 25; Mark 15:7). It appears in vice catalogs alongside strife and deceit (Rom 1:29) and in the catalog of sins that the unrepentant refuse to abandon (Rev 9:21). The Spanish homicidio/asesinatos, French meurtre, and German Mord consistently render it as deliberate, criminal killing.
Senses
1. murder, killing, slaughter — The act of murder, homicide, or violent slaughter -- the deliberate, unlawful taking of human life. Jesus identifies phonos as one of the defilements originating in the human heart (Matt 15:19; Mark 7:21), placing it alongside adultery, theft, and blasphemy. Luke applies it concretely to the insurrection-related killing committed by Barabbas (Luke 23:19, 25; Mark 15:7). Paul includes it among the characteristic sins of those given over to a debased mind (Rom 1:29), and Revelation notes that the survivors of the plagues still did not repent of their murders (Rev 9:21). Multilingual evidence (spa homicidio/asesinatos, fra meurtre, deu Mord, eng murder) confirms a single unified sense of criminal killing. 9×
AR["قتْلِهِمْ", "قَتلاً", "قَتْل", "قَتْلًا", "قَتْلٌ", "قَتْلٍ"]·ben["হত্যা", "হত্যা,", "হত্যাগুলি", "হত্যায়", "হত্যার"]·DE["Mord", "φόνοι", "φόνον", "φόνου"]·EN["murder", "murders", "of-murder"]·FR["Mord", "meurtre"]·heb["רְצִיחוֹת", "רֶצַח"]·HI["वध", "हत्य", "हत्या", "हत्या-के", "हत्याओं"]·ID["pembunuhan", "pembunuhan,", "pembunuhan-pembunuhan"]·IT["omicidio", "phonō", "phonōn"]·jav["mejahi", "mejahi,", "pejah", "pejah-manungsa", "pepejah", "rajapati"]·KO["살인", "살인-을", "살인들", "살인으로", "살인을"]·PT["assassinatos", "de-homicídio", "homicídio", "homicídios", "morte", "morticínio"]·RU["убийств", "убийства", "убийстве", "убийство", "убийством"]·ES["asesinatos", "de-homicidio", "homicidio", "homicidios", "muerte"]·SW["kuuawa", "mauaji", "mauaji,"]·TR["cinayet", "cinayetle", "cinayetler", "cinayetlerinden", "ölümüyle"]·urd["قتل", "قتلوں"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
φόνος, ὁ, (θείνω) murder, slaughter, τεύξασα πόσει φόνον Refs 8th c.BC+; of arrows, φ. προπέμπειν Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Δωριέος πρὸς Ἐγεσταίων φόνον ἐκπρήξασθαι exact vengeance for the killing.., Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ ζῴων φόνου καὶ μὴ φόνου ὧδε ἔχει killing or not-killing, Refs 3rd c.AD+; in poetry phrases, φ. συρίζειν, κινύρεσθαι, πνεῖν, Refs 4th c.BC+; φ. τινός the murder of.., Refs; φ. Ἑλληνικὸς…