φημί G5346
phemi -- to say, declare, or affirm; a speech-introducing verb used across all persons and tenses
The verb phemi ('I say') is one of Greek's oldest and most elemental speech verbs, functioning primarily as a narrative frame to introduce direct discourse. In the New Testament its third-person singular forms phesi and ephe dominate, serving as compact speech tags: 'he said.' It appears in rapid dialogic exchanges -- Jesus answering accusers (Matt 26:34, 61), Pilate interrogating Jesus (Matt 27:11, 23), Paul testifying before Festus and Agrippa (Acts 25:22; 26:1, 24-25). Unlike lego, which can carry nuances of reasoned discourse, phemi is a bare performative of utterance. Spanish dijo, French dire, and German sprechen/spricht all render it as simple speech introduction, confirming its single monosemous function.
Senses
1. say, declare — To say, speak, or declare -- a speech-introducing verb that frames direct discourse throughout the New Testament. Used almost exclusively in third-person forms (phesi, ephe) as a quotation marker, it appears in rapid narrative exchanges such as Jesus before the Sanhedrin (Matt 26:34, 61), Pilate's trial dialogue (Matt 27:11), and Paul's defense speeches (Acts 26:24-25). Spanish dijo, French dire, and German spricht converge on a single speech-act function with no semantic subdivision warranted across its 66 occurrences. 66×
AR["قائِلًا", "قالَ", "قَالَ"]·ben["তিনি-বললেন", "বলল", "বললেন"]·DE["sprechen", "spricht"]·EN["he-said", "said"]·FR["dire"]·heb["אָמַר"]·HI["कह", "कहा", "बोला"]·ID["Berkata", "Dia-berkata", "Ia-berkata", "berkata", "dia-berkata", "ia-berkata"]·IT["dire"]·jav["Ngendika", "matur", "ngandika", "ngendika", "ngendika,"]·KO["말씀하셨다", "말하였다", "말했다"]·PT["Disse", "disse"]·RU["Сказал", "сказал"]·ES["dijo"]·SW["Akasema", "akamwambia", "akawaambia", "alimwambia", "alisema", "alisema,", "aliwaambia", "pia", "yeye"]·TR["dedi", "dedi,"]·urd["بولا", "کہا", "یہ"]
Matt 4:7, Matt 8:8, Matt 13:28, Matt 13:29, Matt 14:8, Matt 17:26, Matt 19:21, Matt 21:27, Matt 22:37, Matt 25:21, Matt 25:23, Matt 26:34 (+38 more)
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
φημί, φῄς, φηις Refs 5th c.BC+, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; φησί (apocopation φή Refs 6th c.BC+; plural φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσ; Doric dialect φᾱμί, φᾱσί or φᾱτί Refs 5th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. plural φαντ; Aeolic dialect φᾶμι Refs 7th c.BC+, 2nd pers. singular φαῖσθα Refs 7th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. plural φαῖσι Refs 7th c.BC+aorist 2 ἔφην, Epic dialect φῆν Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect φῆσθα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔφη, Epic…