τᾰράσσω G5015
To trouble, agitate, or throw into turmoil — of the heart, of communities, or of water physically stirred
Tarasso captures the full spectrum of disturbance, from the trembling of a frightened heart to the upheaval of an entire city. When Herod heard of the newborn king, he 'was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him' (Matt 2:3). Jesus himself uses the word to comfort his disciples: 'Let not your hearts be troubled' (John 14:1,27). In Acts, the word describes the social chaos caused by false teachers who 'trouble' the believers (Acts 15:24; Gal 1:7; 5:10). At its most concrete, it depicts the physical stirring of the pool at Bethesda (John 5:4,7). Spanish 'turbado/perturbaron' and French 'troubler' mirror this range precisely.
Senses
1. be emotionally troubled — To experience inner turmoil, fright, or emotional distress. Zechariah was troubled at the angel's appearance (Luke 1:12), the disciples were terrified seeing Jesus walk on water (Matt 14:26; Mark 6:50), and Jesus commands his followers not to let their hearts be troubled (John 14:1,27). The multilingual evidence — Spanish 'turbado,' French 'troubler,' German 'beunruhigen' — all foreground this emotional agitation. 11×
AR["اضْطَرَبوا", "اضْطَرَبَ", "اضْطَرَبُوا", "تَضطَرِبوا", "تَضْطَرِبْ", "مُضْطَرِبونَ", "مُضْطَرِبَةٌ"]·ben["তোমরা-বিচলিত-হও", "বিচলিত", "বিচলিত-করলেন", "বিচলিত-হউক", "বিচলিত-হয়েছে", "বিচলিত-হলেন", "বিচলিত-হলেন,", "ভয়-পেল"]·DE["beunruhigen", "τεταραγμένοι", "ἐταράχθη", "ἐταράχθησαν"]·EN["be-troubled", "is-troubled", "let-be-troubled", "troubled", "was-troubled", "were-troubled"]·FR["beunruhigen", "troubler"]·heb["הִתְעוֹרֵר", "יִבָּהֵל", "נִבְהֲלוּ", "נִבְהַל", "נִבְהַלָה", "נִבְהָלִים", "נִסְעַר", "תִּבָּהֲלוּ"]·HI["और", "घबरा-गया", "घबराए-हुए", "घबराओ", "घब्र-गये", "व्याकुल-किया", "व्याकुल-हुआ", "व्याकुल-है", "व्याकुल-हो"]·ID["gelisah", "gentar", "ketakutan", "menggelisahkan", "terkejut", "terkejut,", "terkejutlah"]·IT["turbare"]·jav["bingung", "bingung,", "bingung;", "kagegeran,", "kaget", "kuwatir", "kuwatir,", "sami-kagèt."]·KO["근심하다", "근심하셨다", "근심하지", "놀라지-말라", "놀랐다", "당황했다", "두려워했다", "두려워했다.", "둙요하느냐"]·PT["perturbaram-se", "perturbou-se", "seja-perturbado", "vos-perturbeis;"]·RU["возмутил", "возмутился", "возмущена", "встревоженные", "встревожился", "смутились", "смутился", "смущайся", "смущайтесь;", "устрашились"]·ES["está-turbada", "fue-turbado", "os-turbéis", "se-turbaron", "se-turbó", "sea-turbado", "turbados"]·SW["akajisumbua", "alifadhaika", "imefadhaika", "mmesumbuka", "msi-sumbuliwe", "msifadhaike", "usifadhaike", "wakafadhaika", "walisumbuka"]·TR["endişelenmeyin", "sarsıldı", "sarsılsın", "sıkıntılı", "tedirgin", "tedirgin-oldu", "tedirgin-oldular", "şaşırdılar"]·urd["تڑپا", "غمگین-ہوا", "غمگین-ہے", "گھبرا-گئے", "گھبرا-گیا", "گھبراؤ؛", "گھبرائے", "گھبرائے-ہوئے", "گھبرایا"]
2. cause trouble to others — To cause trouble, disturbance, or confusion among other people, often through false teaching or social upheaval. In Acts 15:24 the Jerusalem council acknowledges that certain men 'troubled' the Gentile believers with demands about circumcision. Paul warns the Galatians about those who 'trouble' them by perverting the gospel (Gal 1:7; 5:10). The Spanish 'perturbaron' captures the active, causative force well. 5×
AR["أَزعَجوا", "أَزعَجوكُم", "الَّذي-يُزعِجُكُم", "يُزعِجونَ", "يُزعِجونَكُم"]·ben["বিচলিত-করল", "বিচলিত-করে", "বিরক্ত-করেছে", "বিশৃঙ্খল-করছে", "বিশৃঙ্খলকারী"]·DE["beunruhigen", "ταράσσοντες", "ἐτάραξαν"]·EN["troubled", "troubling"]·FR["beunruhigen", "troubler"]·heb["אֶתְכֶם", "הִבְהִילוּ", "הַ-מְבַלְבֵּל", "מְבַלְבְּלִים", "מַבְהִילִים"]·HI["घबरा-दिया", "घबराते-हुए", "घब्र-रहे-हैन", "घब्रअने-वल"]·ID["mengacaukan", "mereka-menggelisahkan", "telah-menggelisahkan", "yang-menggelisahkan"]·IT["turbare"]·jav["ndadosaken-bingung", "ngganggu", "nggègèr"]·KO["그들이-소동시켰다", "소동시키며", "혼란케-했다", "흔드는-자는", "흔드는-자들"]·PT["perturbaram", "que-vos-perturba", "que-vos-perturbam"]·RU["Смутили", "смутили", "смущающие", "смущающий", "смущая"]·ES["Perturbaron", "perturbando", "perturbaron"]·SW["anayewasumbua", "wakisumbua", "walisumbua", "waliwasumbua", "wanaowasumbua"]·TR["karıştıran", "karıştıranlar", "tedirgin-ederek", "tedirgin-ettiler"]·urd["بھڑکاتے-ہوئے", "پریشان-کرنے-والا", "پریشان-کرنے-والے", "پریشان-کیا", "گھبرا-دیا"]
3. stir up water physically — To stir up or agitate water physically. At the pool of Bethesda, an angel periodically stirred the water (John 5:4), and the paralyzed man explains he has no one to put him into the pool when the water 'is stirred' (John 5:7). This concrete, physical sense preserves the word's oldest meaning from Homer — Poseidon troubling the sea. 2×
AR["يُحَرَّكَ", "يُحَرِّكُ"]·ben["আলোড়িত-করত", "আলোড়িত-হয়"]·DE["beunruhigen"]·EN["is-stirred", "was-stirring"]·FR["troubler"]·heb["הִרְעִישׁ", "יֵרָעַשׁ"]·HI["हिलाता-था", "हिलाया-जाए"]·ID["diaduk", "mengaduk"]·IT["turbare"]·jav["dipun-kosak", "ngosak"]·KO["휠저어지면", "휠저었다"]·RU["возмутится", "возмущал"]·ES["agitaba", "sea-agitada"]·SW["akayatibua", "yatibuliwe"]·TR["çalkalanınca", "çalkantı-yaratıyordu"]·urd["گھلے", "ہلاتا-تھا"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
τᾰράσσω, Refs 5th c.BC+; Attic dialect ταράττω Refs 5th c.BC+; also θράσσω (which see): future ταράξω Refsaorist ἐτάραξα Refs 8th c.BC+: pluperfect συν-ετεταράχει Refs 2nd c.AD+perfect in passive sense τέτρηχα (see. below Refs:—passive, future ταραχθήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+; middle ταράξομαι in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐταράχθην Refs 5th c.BC+perfect τετάραγμαιRefs, etc.:—stir, trouble,…