προδίδωμι G4272
to give beforehand, to give first or in advance, to bestow prior to receiving
This compound verb intensifies the basic sense of 'give' with the prefix indicating temporal priority. Classical usage ranged from paying in advance to giving first before others. Paul's rhetorical question in Romans 11:35 quotes Job 41:11, challenging any notion that humans could put God in their debt by giving to him first. The verb underscores the impossibility of human merit establishing a claim on divine grace—God is never the debtor, always the original giver.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Every translation captures the priority element ('gave beforehand,' 'dio primero,' 'donner d'abord,' 'vorher übergeben'). In Romans 11:35, Paul uses this verb to demolish any works-righteousness: since no one has given to God first, no one can demand repayment. All human giving is at best response to prior divine generosity, never the initiating move that creates obligation. 1×
AR["سَبَقَ-فَأَعْطَى"]·ben["আগে-দিয়েছে"]·DE["vorher-uebergeben"]·EN["gave-beforehand"]·FR["donner-d'abord"]·heb["נָתַן-לוֹ"]·HI["पहले-दिया"]·ID["memberi-terlebih-dahulu"]·IT["dare-in-anticipo"]·jav["rumiyin-maringi"]·KO["먼저-주었는냐"]·PT["primeiro-deu"]·RU["дал-прежде"]·ES["dio-primero"]·SW["alimpa-kwanza"]·TR["önceden-verdi"]·urd["پہلے-دیا"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
προδίδωμι, give beforehand, pay in advance, Refs 5th c.BC+; προεδίδου conjecture for προσ- in Refs 2nd c.BC+; προδιδούς, opposed to ἐπιδιδούς, Refs 2nd c.AD+; give first, NT:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a menu-tablet, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II give up, [κλῆρον] Refs 3rd c.BC+; deliver up, τοὺς ὁμοκωμήτας ἡμῖν Refs 4th c.AD+: most frequently, give up to the enemy, betray, τοὺς λοιποὺς τοῖσι Σαμίοισι…