παραπικρ-αίνω G3893
to embitter, provoke, rebel against authority
Combining 'beside' and 'make bitter', this verb denotes provoking to anger or rebelling against authority. The Septuagint uses it for Israel's wilderness rebellions against God. Hebrews 3:16 asks rhetorically who rebelled after hearing God's voice—the answer being the exodus generation who provoked God through unbelief. The term captures the bitterness of spirit that hardens into active rebellion, turning hearing into disobedience and promise into judgment.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Hebrews 3:16 asks who 'rebelled' (παρεπίκραναν) after the exodus. The translation evidence (English 'rebelled', Spanish 'provocaron', German 'erbittert') points to provocation and rebellion. The rhetorical question's answer is devastating: not just some, but nearly the entire exodus generation who heard Moses died in the wilderness for unbelief. Their rebellion turned divine deliverance into a forty-year funeral procession. 1×
AR["أَمَرّوا"]·ben["বিদ্রোহ-করল"]·DE["erbittert"]·EN["rebelled"]·FR["erbittert"]·heb["הִמְרוּ"]·HI["कड़वाहट-किए"]·ID["memberontak"]·IT["parepikranan"]·jav["sampun-mbalela"]·KO["반역하였느냐"]·PT["provocou"]·RU["огорчили"]·ES["provocaron"]·SW["walichunguza"]·TR["acı-verdiler"]·urd["بغاوت-کی"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παραπικρ-αίνω, embitter, provoke, with accusative, LXX; rebel against, τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ ΚυρίουLXX; παραπικραίνουσα παρεπικράνθηνLXX+NT