παραζηλ-όω G3863
To provoke to jealousy; to stir up rivalry or zealous emulation through envy.
A compound verb (para + zēloō) meaning to provoke someone to jealousy or zealous rivalry. Paul builds his theology of Israel and the Gentiles around this word in Romans 10–11. Quoting Deuteronomy 32:21, he explains that God will 'provoke Israel to jealousy' through a non-nation (Rom 10:19). This jealousy-provoking becomes Paul's missionary strategy: Gentile inclusion is meant to 'provoke to jealousy' his fellow Israelites and so save some (Rom 11:11, 14). In 1 Cor 10:22 the tone shifts to warning: 'Shall we provoke the Lord to jealousy?' Spanish 'provocar a celos' and French 'provoquer à la jalousie' both preserve the deliberate, relational provocation at the heart of this theologically loaded verb.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To provoke to jealousy — to deliberately stir up zealous rivalry or envy, especially in a covenantal or relational context. Paul's argument in Romans 10–11 hinges on this verb: God provokes Israel to jealousy through Gentile inclusion (Rom 10:19, quoting Deut 32:21), and Paul hopes his Gentile ministry will provoke his kinsmen to saving jealousy (Rom 11:11, 14). In 1 Cor 10:22, the object shifts to God himself—a dangerous provocation recalling Israel's wilderness idolatry. German 'eifersüchtig machen' and Spanish 'provocar a celos' both highlight the interpersonal, emotive dimension of this covenantal dynamic. 4×
AR["أَنْ-يُغَيِرَ-هُمْ", "أُغِيرُ", "سَأُغِيرُ", "نُغيرُ"]·ben["আমরা-কি-ইর্ষা-জাগাই", "ঈর্ষান্বিত-করতে", "ঈর্ষান্বিত-করতে-পারি", "ঈর্ষান্বিত-করব"]·DE["eifersuechtig-machen"]·EN["I-might-provoke-to-jealousy", "do-we-provoke-to-jealousy", "to-provoke-to-jealousy", "will-provoke-to-jealousy"]·FR["provoquer-à-la-jalousie"]·heb["אַקְנִא", "לְהַקְנִיא", "מַקְנִיאִים-אֲנַחְנוּ"]·HI["ईर्ष्यालु-करूं", "ईर्ष्यालु-करूंगा", "ईर्ष्यालु-करे", "जलन-जगाते-हैं"]·ID["akan-membuat-cemburu", "aku-dapat-membuat-cemburu", "kita-membuat-cemburu", "membuat-cemburu"]·IT["provocare-alla-gelosia"]·jav["badhé-ndamel-cemburu", "kita-damel-cemburu", "kula-ndamel-cemburu", "ndamel-cemburu"]·KO["시기하게-하고", "시기하게-하리라", "시기하게-함이라", "질투나게-하겠느냐"]·PT["provocamos-a-ciúmes", "provocar-ao-ciúme", "provocar-ao-ciúme-", "provocarei-ao-ciúme"]·RU["вас", "возбужу-ревность", "раздражаем-к-ревности"]·ES["provocamos-a-celos", "provocar-a-celos", "provocaré-a-celos", "provoque-a-celos"]·SW["kuwafanya-wawe-na-wivu", "nitawafanya-wawe-na-wivu", "tunamchochea-wivu"]·TR["kıskandıracağım", "kıskandırmak", "kıskandırırsam", "kıskandırıyor muyuz"]·urd["تمہیں-غیرت-دلاؤں-گا", "غیرت-دلاؤں", "غیرت-دلائیں", "غیرت-دلائے"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παραζηλ-όω, provoke to jealousy, LXX+NT __2 fret, be vexed, ἔν τινι LXX __II emulate, imitate, Refs