This word describes verbally abusive speech—reviling, insulting, and slanderous language designed to shame and dishonor another person. It goes beyond mere criticism to malicious verbal attack. Paul warns Timothy about young widows who might give the adversary 'occasion for reproach' (1 Timothy 5:14)—opportunity to insult the church. Peter twice instructs believers not to repay insult with insult (1 Peter 3:9, repeated for emphasis), but instead to bless those who revile them. This radical response reflects Jesus' own example, who when reviled did not revile in return (1 Peter 2:23). Christian speech patterns must reflect grace, not retaliation.