Shame and Disgrace

† חֶרְפָּה n.f. reproach—ח׳ Gn 34:14 + 35 times; cstr. חֶרְפַּת Jos 5:9 + 15 times; sf. חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ ψ 74:22 etc. + 17 times sfs.; pl. חֲרָפוֹת ψ 69:11 Dn 12:2; cstr. חֶרְפּוֹת ψ 69:10.— 1. taunt of enemy 1 S 17:26; so also 1 S 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Ne 3:36; 5:9 ψ 69:20, 21; 71:13; 89:51; 119:22 Pr 18:3 Is 51:7 Ez 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Je 51:51 Zp 2:8 La 3:61; נתן ח׳ על Je 23:40; נשׂא ח׳ על ψ 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Je 31:19 Ez 36:15 Mi 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא ח׳ על bear reproach for ψ 69:8 Je 15:15 Zp 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Ho 12:15 Ne 3:36; חרף ח׳ ψ 69:10; 79:12; 89:51; הסיר ח׳ מעל 1 S 17:26 Is 25:8; העביר ח׳ ψ 119:39; reproaches against God ψ 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), 74:22; 79:12. 2. reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace: a. sexual 2 S 13:13 Is 47:3 Ez 16:57 Pr 6:33. b. barrenness of womb Gn 30:23 (E) Is 4:1; widowhood Is 54:4. c. hunger Ez 36:30; disease Jb 19:5. d. ritual, uncircumcision Gn 34:14 (P) Jos 5:9 (JE). e. injuries from enemies La 3:30; 5:1 Ne 1:3; 2:17 Jb 16:10 Dn 11:18(×2). 3. a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man ψ 22:7; ח׳ נבל 39:9; היה ח׳ ל׳ become an object of reproach to 31:12; 79:4; 89:42; 109:25 Ez 5:15; (היה) לח (ל׳) Is 30:5 Je 6:10; 20:8; 42:18; 44:8, 12; 49:13 ψ 69:11 Dn 9:16; 12:2; נתן ח׳ (ל׳) Ez 22:4 Jo 2:19 ψ 78:66; נתן לח׳ Je 24:9; 29:18 Ez 5:14 Jo 2:17; שׂים ח׳ ל׳ ψ 44:14; שׂים ח׳ על 1 S 11:2.

עֶרְוָה54 n.f. nakedness, pudenda;—abs. ע׳ Ex 28:42 Lv 18:6; usually cstr. עֶרְוַת Gn 9:22 +, sf. עֶרְוָתְֽךָ Ex 20:23 (Ginsb), Lv 18:10; עֶרְוָתֵךְ Is 47:3 +; -תוֹ Lv 20:17, -תָהּ 18:7 +; sf. 3 fpl. עֶרְוָתָן v 9, 10;— 1. pudenda, of man, רָאָה ע׳ implying shameful exposure Gn 9:22, 23 (J); mostly of woman: fig. of Jerus. (c. רָאָה) La 1:8; Ez 16:37; usually c. גלה: lit. תִּגָּלֶה ע׳ i.e. be exposed to view Ex 20:23 (Ginsb; van d. H. v 26; E), so, as shameful punishment, fig. of Egypt Is 20:4 (gloss according to Du Che Di-Kit), Bab. 47:3, of Jerus. Ez 16:37; 23:10, 29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִךְ; all three obj. of act. vb.); chiefly euphem. for cohabit., גִּלָּה ע׳ Lv 18:6 + (v. גלה Pi. 1 a); fig. of Jerus. (vb. pass.) Ez 16:36; רָאָה ע׳ in same meaning Lv 20:17(×2) (H; of both sexes); ע׳ also 18:8, 10, 16 (H); כִּסָּה ע׳ cover nakedness Gn 9:23 (J), Ex 28:42 (P; בְּשַׂר ע׳), Ho 2:11 (fig. of Isr.), Ez 16:8 (of Jerus.); reviling words are לְבֹשֶׁת ע׳ אִמֶּ֑ךָ 1 S 20:30 (cf. DoughtyArab. Deserta i. 269). 2. עֶרְוַת דָּבָר nakedness of a thing, i.e. prob. indecency, improper behaviour Dt 23:15; 24:1 (v. Dr). 3. fig. ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Gn 42:9, 12 (E), i.e. its exposed, undefended parts (Arabic عَوْرَةٌ).

† בֹ֫שֶׁת n.f. shame Jb 8:22 + 20 times; sf. בָּשְׁתִּי ψ 69:20 + 7 times 1. shame 1 S 20:30(×2) ψ 40:16; 69:20; 70:4 Is 30:3, 5; 42:17; 61:7 Je 2:26; 3:25; 20:18 Hb 2:10 Zp 3:5, 19; לָבַשׁ בֹּשֶׁת clothe with shame Jb 8:22 ψ 35:26; 132:18; ‖ עטה בשׁת ψ 109:29; בֹּשֶׁת (ה)פָּנִים shame (or confusion) of face 2 Ch 32:21 Ezr 9:7 Dn 9:7, 8, cf. ψ 44:16 Je 7:19, בֹּשֶׁת עֲלוּמֶיךָ shame of thy youth Is 54:4; עֶרְיָה־בֹשֶׁת nakedness (that is) shame Mi 1:11 cf. ψ 45:5; בֹּשֶׁת עֶרְוַת אמך 1 S 20:30. 2. shameful thing, substituted for בַּעַל (q.v.) by later editors, Ho 9:10 Je 3:24; מִזְבְּחוֹת לַבֹּשֶׁת Je 11:13, cf. יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת 2 S 11:21 = יְרֻבַּעַל Ju 6:32; אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת 2 S 2:8 = אֶשְׁבַּעַל 1 Ch 8:33.

† כְּלִמָּה n.f. insult, reproach, ignominy;—abs. כ׳ Is 45:16 + 9 times cstr. כְּלִמַּת Je 20:11 + 3 times; sf. כְּלִמָּתִי Jb 20:3 + 3 times, etc.; pl. כְּלִמּוֹת Mi 2:6; Is 50:6;— 1. specif., insult, reproach, לֹא יִסַּג כ׳ Mi 2:6 reproaches do not cease; מוּסַר כְּלִמָּתִי Jb 20:3 = my beshaming (insulting) correction, i.e. the correction which insults me. 2. in gen., reproach, ignominy, opp. כָּבוֹד ψ 4:3; הלך בַּכּ׳ Is 45:16 go into ignominy (+ בּוֹשׁ, נִכְלַם); often ‖ בֹּשֶׁת Is 30:3; 61:7 ψ 44:16, subj. of כִּסָּה Je 3:25 our ignominy covereth us, so under fig. of garment, after לָבַשׁ ψ 35:26 (+ בושׁ, חפר in v a), 109:29; ‖ חֶרְפָּה ψ 69:8 (subj. of כִּסְּתָה פָּנָ֑י), Je 51:51 (id.; בושׁ in ‖ cl.), ψ 71:13 (+ בושׁ in ‖ cl.); ‖ בֹּשֶׁת + חֶרְפָּה 69:20; ‖ אִוֶּלֶת Pr 18:13; ‖ רֹק Is 50:6; כ׳ עוֹלָם Je 20:11 (בושׁ in ‖ cl.); כְּלִמָּתֵךְ Ez 16:63 (id. ‖); often in Ezek. נשׂא כ׳ bear ignominy, Ez 16:52(×2), (‖ בושׁ), v 54 (נִכְלַם in ‖ cl.); 32:24, 25, 30 (all + אֶת־יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר with those who go down to the pit; ref. to ignominious death), 36:7; 39:26 (si vera l. = bear the humiliating sense of undeserved kindness from י׳; but txt. dub., Hi Co, q.v., [כ׳] נשׁו; Sm Da defend); נשׂא כְּלִמַּת הַגּוֹיִם, i.e. caused by the nations, 34:29; 36:6, also v 15 (‖ חֶרְפַּת עַמִּים), prob. also ψ 89:51 (read כְּלִמַּת, cf. VB Che Bae); וְנ׳ כְּלִמָּתָם וְתוֹעֲבוֹתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ Ez 44:13.

† קָלוֹן n.m. Pr 11:2 ignominy, dishonour;—abs. ק׳ Ho 4:7 +; cstr. קְלוֹן Is 22:18; sf. קְלוֹנֵךְ Je 13:26 +;— 1. of national ignominy Ho 4:7, 18 (dub. line, v. Che Now), Je 46:12 (read prob. קוֹלֵךְ, so 𝔊 Gie CoHpt), Hb 2:16 ψ 83:17 of nation under fig. of woman, = pudenda, Je 13:26 Na 3:5 (‖ מַעְרֵךְ). 2. personal dishonour, disgrace, of Shebna, as disgrace to his lord’s house Is 22:18 (opp. כְּבוֹדֶ֑ךָ); individ., Jb 10:15 Pr 3:35 (opp. כָּבוֹד), 6:33; 9:7; 11:2; 12:16; 13:18 (opp. יְכֻבָּ֑ד), 18:3; 22:10.

ἀτῑμ-ία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, dishonour, disgrace, ἀτιμίῃσιν ἰάλλεινRefs 8th c.BC+; θεῶν ἀ. dishonour done to the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+; indignities, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 deprivation of privileges, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially of civic rights, Refs 5th c.BC+; coupled with θάνατος and φυγή, Refs __II of things, ἐσθημάτων ἀ., i.e. sorry garb, Refs 5th c.BC+. [Epic dialect ἀτιμῑηRefs 8th c.BC+

αἰσχύν-η [ῡ], ἡ, shame, dishonour, ἐς αἰσχύνην φέρειRefs 5th c.BC+; αἰσχύνην φέρει, ἔχει, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἰ. περιίσταταί με, συμβαίνει μοι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 αἰ. γυναικῶν dishonouring of women, Refs 5th c.BC+; γράφεσθαί τινα γένους αἰσχύνης for dishonour done to his race, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 concrete, of a person, αἰ. φίλοις, πάτρᾳ, Refs 6th c.BC+; of a decree, Refs __II shame for an ill deed, personified in Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 like{αἰδώς}, sense of shame, honour, πᾶσαν αἰ. ἀφείςRefs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι to be ashamed of, Refs; αἰσχύνην ἔχειν τινός for a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; joined with δέος, Refs 5th c.BC+; with ἔλεος and αἰδώς, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν αἰσχύναις ἔχω I hold it a shameful thing, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III later ={αἰδοῖον}, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare τὴν τοῦ σώματος αἰ. Alcid.ap Refs 4th c.BC+

ὀνειδ-ισμός, ὁ, reproach, Ep. Rom. 15.3 (plural)Refs 1st c.AD+; calumny, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† בּוּשָׁה n.f. shame ψ 89:46 Mi 7:10 Ob v 10 Ez 7:18.

λοιδορ-ία, ἡ, railing, abuse, reproach, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀσχημ-οσύνη, ἡ, want of form, ἀ. καὶ ἀμορφίαRefs 4th c.BC+ __2 ungracefulness, Refs 5th c.BC+; awkwardness, Refs; disfigurement, τοῦ προσώπου, in playing on the flute, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 ἀ. φέρει brings discredit, disgrace, Refs __II in moral sense, indecorum, obscene or disgraceful conduct, NT+1st c.AD+ __III euphemistic for αἰδοῖον, LXX; for ἀπόπατος,LXX

ἐντροπ-ή, ἡ, turning towards: only metaphorically Refs respect for one, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: absolutely, modesty, NT+5th c.BC+ __2 humiliation, LXX

† II. חֶ֫סֶד n.m. shame, reproach, only abs.:—ח׳ הוּא Lv 20:17 (H) it is a shame (shameful thing); ח׳ לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת Pr 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.

αἰδώς, όος, contraction οῦς, η (late nominative plural αἰδοί Refs 5th c.BC+, as a moral feeling, reverence, awe, respect for the feeling or opinion of others or for one's own conscience, and so shame, self-respect (in full ἑαυτοῦ αἰδώςRefs 5th c.AD+, sense of honour, αἰδῶ θέσθ᾽ ἐνὶ θυμῷRefs 8th c.BC+; ἴσχε γὰρ αἰ. καὶ δέοςRefs 8th c.BC+; δακρύων πένθιμον αἰδῶ tears of grief and shame, Refs 5th c.BC+; sobriety, moderation, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 regard for others, respect, reverence, αἰδοῦς οὐδεμιῆς ἔτυχονRefs 6th c.BC+; αἰ. τοκέων respect for them, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἐμὴν αἰδῶ respect for me, Refs 4th c.BC+; regard for friends, αἰδοῦς ἀχαλκεύτοισιν ἔζευκται πέδαιςRefs 5th c.BC+; especially regard for the helpless, compassion, αἰδοῦς κῦρσαιRefs 5th c.BC+; forgiveness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II that which causes shame or respect, and so, __II.1 shame, scandal, αἰδώς, Ἀργεῖοι, κάκ᾽ ἐλέγχεαRefs 8th c.BC+; αἰδώς, ὦ Λύκιοι· πόσε φεύγετεRefs __II.2 ={τὰ αἰδοῖα}, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.3 dignity, majesty αἰ. καὶ χάριςRefs __III Αἰδώς personified, Refs 5th c.BC+

αἰσχρότης, ητος, ἡ, ugliness, deformity, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II filthy conduct, NT; euphemistic for fellatio, Refs 5th c.BC+:— αἰσχροσύνη, ἡ, Refs

ἀνεπ-αίσχυντος, ον, having no cause for shame, NT+1st c.AD+

ἀσχήμ-ων, ον, genitive ονος, (σχῆμα) misshapen, ugly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II unseemly, shameful, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of persons, ἀ. γενέσθαι to be indecorous, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III adverb -νωςRefs 1st c.BC+: superlative -έστατα very meanly, Refs 5th c.BC+

θεᾱτρ-ίζω, to be or play on the stage, Refs __II passive, to be made a show of, held up to shame, NT

μῶμος, ὁ, blame, reproach, disgrace, μῶμον ἀνάψαι to set a brand upon one, Refs 8th c.BC+: also in later Prose, as LXX+1st c.BC+ __2 blemish, LXX+NT __II personified, Refs 8th c.BC+

ὄνειδ-ος, εος, τό, reproach, rebuke, censure, blame, especially by word, προθέουσιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; εἶχε ὄ. καὶ ἀτιμίην was in disgrace, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄ. φέρει it brings reproach, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἐν ὀνείδει by way of reproach, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀνείδει ἐνέχεσθαι, συνέχεσθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+with censures, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 matter of reproach, disgrace, σοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ.. κατηφείη καὶ ὄ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ὄνειδός [ἐστι] with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ the disgrace of the city, Refs 5th c.BC+; Oedipus calls his daughters τοιαῦτ᾽ ὀνείδη, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 the statement of Refs meant originally any report of one, reputation, character, is not borne out by the passages he cites— ὄ. οὐ καλόν Refs 5th c.BC+, which are plainly ironical. (Cf. Sanskrit nindati, nid- 'insult', Gothic ga-naitjan 'slander', Lett. naids 'hatred'.)

παραδειγ-μᾰτίζω, make an example of, τινα LXX+2nd c.BC+; make a show or spectacle of, NT+1st c.AD+ __II show by example, Refs

† בָּשְׁנָה n.f. shame (בֹּשֶׁן Ew§ 163 f.) Ho 10:6.

† קִיקָלוֹן n.[m.] disgrace;—Hb 2:16, si vera l. intens. Ol§ 82 c Köii. 130, 497, but dub. (v. We Now GASm).

† שִׁמְצָה n. f. (derisive) whisper, derision;—שׁ׳ Ex 32:25 (J).