λοιδορ-έω G3058
To revile, heap verbal abuse on someone; to insult with harsh, contemptuous language.
Loidoreo describes the act of hurling insults and verbal abuse at someone -- not casual criticism but sharp, contemptuous reviling. In the NT it appears in contexts of unjust hostility: the Pharisees revile the man born blind for following Jesus (John 9:28), Paul is warned against reviling the high priest (Acts 23:4), and both Paul and Christ endure reviling without retaliation (1 Cor 4:12; 1 Pet 2:23). Christ's response to being reviled -- he did not revile in return -- became a paradigm of Christian non-retaliation.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To abuse verbally, to heap contemptuous insults on someone. The Pharisees revile the healed blind man as a disciple of Jesus (John 9:28); Paul is rebuked for inadvertently reviling the high priest (Acts 23:4). In 1 Cor 4:12 Paul responds to reviling with blessing, and 1 Pet 2:23 holds up Christ as the model: 'when he was reviled, he did not revile in return.' Spanish 'injuriar/insultar' and French 'injurier/insulter' both capture the wounding, honor-damaging quality of this speech act. 4×
AR["تَشْتِمُ", "شَتَموا", "مَشتومًا", "نُشْتَمُ"]·ben["তারা-গালি-দিল", "নিন্দা-করিতেছ", "নিন্দিত,", "নিন্দিত-হয়ে"]·DE["schmaehen", "λοιδορεῖς"]·EN["being-reviled", "do-you-revile", "they-reviled"]·FR["injurier", "insulter"]·heb["חֵרְפוּ", "מְחָרֵף", "מְחֻרְפִים", "מְחֻרָף"]·HI["अपमानकरताहै?", "गाली-खाते-हुए", "गाली-दी", "निन्दित-होकर"]·ID["dicela", "dimaki", "memaki?", "mencaci"]·IT["eloidoresan", "ingiuriare", "loidoroumenos"]·jav["Dipun-pitenah,", "kang-dipunsaru,", "ngonek-onekaken", "panjenengan-pisuhi?"]·KO["모욕하느냐", "욕-먹으면", "욕을-당하시되", "욕했다"]·PT["injuriaram", "sendo-injuriado,", "sendo-injuriados"]·RU["будучи-оскорбляем,", "злословимые", "злословишь", "поносили"]·ES["injuriaron", "insultas", "siendo-injuriado", "siendo-injuriados"]·SW["Tukitukanwa,", "alipotukaniwa", "unamtukana", "walimtukana"]·TR["hakaret-ediyorsun-mu", "hakaret-ettiler", "hakarete uğrayınca", "hakarete-uğrayınca"]·urd["برا-بھلا-کہا", "تُو-بُرا-کہتا-ہے", "گالیاں-سنتے-ہوئے،", "گالیاں-سُنتے-ہوئے"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
λοιδορ-έω, future -ήσω Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐλοιδόρησα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect λελοιδόρηκα Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle and passive (see. below), future -ήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐλοιδορησάμην Refs 4th c.BC+; Attic dialect more frequently ἐλοισορήθην Refs 4th c.BC+: (λοίδορος):—abuse, revile, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+ [same place], etc.; sometimes simply, rebuke, Refs…