κατῑόομαι G2728
To become rusted, corroded, or tarnished through oxidation or decay
This verb in its passive form describes the process of metal deteriorating through rust or corrosion. James 5:3 uses this term metaphorically to depict how hoarded wealth corrodes and stands as testimony against those who stockpile riches rather than using them righteously. The Spanish 'oxidado' and English 'corroded' both capture the chemical process, while the German emphasizes the rusting specifically.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Describes the passive process of becoming rusty or tarnished, particularly of precious metals. In James's warning to the rich, this corrosion serves as both literal decay and moral witness, showing how unused wealth degrades and testifies against its hoarders. 1×
AR["قَد-صَدِئَا"]·ben["মরিচা-ধরেছে"]·DE["verrostet"]·EN["have-corroded"]·FR["κατίωται"]·heb["הֶחֱלִיד"]·HI["जंग-खाई-हुई-है"]·ID["berkarat,"]·IT["katiōtai"]·jav["sampun-karatan,"]·KO["녹슬었고,"]·RU["заржавело,"]·ES["se-han-oxidado"]·SW["imeungua-kutu"]·TR["paslanmış"]·urd["زنگ-آلود-ہو-گئی٬"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κατῑόομαι, passive, become rusty, tarnished, LXX+1st c.BC+