κατήφ-εια G2726
Dejection, gloom, or downcast demeanor resulting from sorrow or shame
This noun captures the visible state of being emotionally downcast, where grief or shame causes one's countenance to fall. James 4:9 calls mourners to exchange their laughter for this somber condition as part of humble repentance. The Greek lexicon notes this is sorrow that makes one look downward, contrasting with joy. The English 'gloom' and Spanish 'abatimiento' both emphasize the heaviness of spirit.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Refers to the emotional and physical state of dejection, manifested in downcast eyes and sorrowful demeanor. In James's call to repentance, this represents the appropriate gravity of recognizing one's spiritual condition, standing opposite to superficial cheerfulness. 1×
AR["كآبَةٍ"]·ben["বিষাদে"]·DE["Truebsinn"]·EN["gloom"]·FR["κατήφειαν"]·heb["עַצְבוּת"]·HI["उदासी-में"]·ID["kesuraman."]·IT["katēpheian"]·jav["sedhih."]·KO["근심-으로."]·PT["tristeza"]·RU["уныние."]·ES["abatimiento"]·SW["huzuni"]·TR["kedere"]·urd["غم۔"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κατήφ-εια, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect κατηφ-είη, ἡ, (κατηφής) dejection (λύπη κάτω βλέπειν ποιοῦσα Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to χαρά, NT+3rd c.BC+