καταισχύν-ω G2617
To put to shame, disgrace; passively, to be put to shame or disappointed in one's trust
The verb καταισχύνω carries the force of shaming or disgracing someone, with a crucial active/passive distinction running through its NT uses. In the active voice, God deploys shame as a weapon of reversal: 'God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise' (1 Cor 1:27). In the passive, it describes the experience of being shamed or, more precisely, of having one's confidence vindicated or not -- as in the great promise of Rom 9:33 and 10:11 that 'whoever believes in him will not be put to shame.' Spanish captures both poles vividly: avergüence (active shaming) versus eran avergonzados (passive experience).
Senses
1. be put to shame (passive) — The passive experience of being put to shame, disgraced, or disappointed in one's hope or trust. The subject is the one who suffers or might suffer the shame, and the verb often carries an eschatological edge -- the believer's confidence in God will ultimately not be confounded. Paul quotes Isaiah in Rom 9:33 and 10:11 with the promise 'will not be put to shame,' and 1 Pet 2:6 echoes the same assurance. In 2 Cor 7:14 and 9:4 the shame concerns apostolic credibility. Multilingual glosses converge on passive verbal forms: 'fui avergonzado' (Spanish), 'confondre/couvrir de honte' (French), 'beschaemen' (German), confirming the experiential direction of the shame. 7×
AR["أُخْزَ", "اِخْجَلَ", "نُخزى", "يُخزى", "يُخزَوا", "يُخْزَى"]·ben["আমি-লজ্জিত-হয়েছিলাম;", "তারা-লজ্জিত-হয়", "লজ্জিত-হই", "লজ্জিত-হচ্ছিল", "লজ্জিত-হবে", "সে-লজ্জিত-হবে"]·DE["beschaemen", "κατῃσχύνοντο"]·EN["I-was-put-to-shame", "may-be-put-to-shame", "we-might-be-put-to-shame", "were-put-to-shame", "will-be-put-to-shame"]·FR["confondre", "couvrir-de-honte"]·heb["בּוֹשׁוּ", "יֵבוֹשׁ", "יֵבוֹשׁוּ", "נִכְלַמְתִּי", "נֵבוֹשׁ"]·HI["लज्जित-हुआ-मैं", "लज्जित-हुए", "लज्जित-हों", "लज्जित-होगा", "हम-लज्जित-हों"]·ID["akan-dipermalukan", "aku-dipermalukan", "dipermalukan", "kami-dipermalukan"]·IT["kataischunthē", "kataischunthōsin", "kateschunonto", "svergognare"]·jav["badhé-kawirangan.", "badhé-kawèleh.", "kawirangan", "kawula-kawirangan", "kawèleh"]·KO["부끄러울-것이다", "부끄러움-당하지", "부끄러워하게-하라", "부끄러워하지", "부끄러워했다", "부끄러웠다"]·PT["envergonhavam-se", "fui-envergonhado", "sejam-envergonhados", "sejamos-envergonhados", "será-envergonhado."]·RU["были-посрамлены", "постыдится.", "постыжен", "постыжены-будем", "устыжались"]·ES["eran-avergonzados", "fui-avergonzado", "seamos-avergonzados", "sean-avergonzados", "será-avergonzado"]·SW["aibike", "aibishwe.", "hataaibishwa", "sikuaibishwa;", "tuaibishwe", "waaibishwe", "waliaibishwa"]·TR["utanalım", "utandı", "utandırılacak", "utandırıldım", "utandırılmayacak", "utandırılmayacaktır", "utandırılsınlar"]·urd["شرمندہ-ہو-گا۔", "شرمندہ-ہوئے", "شرمندہ-ہوا", "شرمندہ-ہوگا۔", "شرمندہ-ہوں"]
2. put to shame (active) — The active infliction of shame upon someone -- causing disgrace, humiliating, or confounding. Here the subject is the agent who shames, and the verb often appears in divine-reversal contexts where God overturns human status hierarchies. In 1 Cor 1:27 God 'chose the foolish things to shame the wise,' and in 1 Cor 11:4-5 a person who prays with head improperly covered 'shames his/her head.' Rom 5:5 offers the theological negative: 'hope does not put us to shame.' Spanish distinguishes clearly with active forms (avergüence, avergonzáis), and the broader translation evidence consistently marks the agent-oriented causative sense. 6×
AR["تُخزونَ", "تُخزي", "يُخزي", "يُخْزِيَ"]·ben["তোমরা-লজ্জিত-কর", "লজ্জিত-করে", "লজ্জিত-করেন"]·DE["beschaemen"]·EN["he-might-shame", "puts-to-shame", "shame", "shames"]·FR["confondre"]·heb["יְבַיֵּשׁ", "מְבִישָׁה", "מְבַיֵּשׁ", "מְבַיֶּשֶׁת", "מַבְיִשִׁים-אַתֶּם"]·HI["लज्जित-करता-है", "लज्जित-करती-है", "लज्जित-करते-हो", "लज्जित-करे"]·ID["kamu-mempermalukan", "memalukan", "mempermalukan", "mengecewakan,"]·IT["svergognare"]·jav["damel-kuciwa,", "damel-wirang", "ngisin-isini", "panjenengan-isin-isini"]·KO["부끄럽게-하려고", "부끄럽게-하지", "웅되게-하는나이", "웅되게-하는니라"]·PT["desonra", "envergonha", "envergonhais", "envergonhe"]·RU["посрамляет", "посрамляете", "постыдить", "потому-что"]·ES["avergonzáis", "avergüence", "avergüenza"]·SW["anaaibisha", "awaaibishe", "haiaibishi", "mnawaaibishia"]·TR["o-", "olan", "olmayanlari-", "utandırır", "utanç veriyor"]·urd["رسوا-کرتا-ہے", "رسوا-کرتی-ہے", "شرمندہ-کرتی-ہے", "شرمندہ-کرتے-ہو", "شرمندہ-کرے"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
καταισχύν-ω, future -αισχῠνῶRefs 4th c.BC+:—dishonour, put to shame, μή τι καταισχύνειν πατέρων γένος Refs 8th c.BC+; τὴν σὴν οὐ κ. φύσιν I put not thy nature to shame, i.e. show myself not unworthy of thee, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 dishonour a woman, ἀλλοτρίας γυναῖκας Refs 5th c.BC+; also of a male, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 ὁ μέλλων Χρόνος ἐμὸν καταίσχυνε.. Χρέος covered me with dishonour in that my debt…