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ἵστημι G2476
V-RPA-GMS  |  153× in 6 senses
To stand, set, place, cause to stand, stand firm, stop, or establish; spanning physical stance, transitive placement, moral endurance, cessation, and institutional confirmation
Histemi is the Greek New Testament's master verb of position and stability, governing everything from where a person physically stands to whether a kingdom endures. Its morphology tells the story: the transitive first aorist (estesa) places and positions, while the intransitive second aorist (esten), perfect (hesteka), and present middle allow persons and things to simply stand. Arabic splits this between waqafa (to stand) and aqama (to set up), exposing the transitive-intransitive divide that Greek encodes through stem alternation. From the devil setting Jesus on the temple pinnacle (Matt 4:5) to Paul's declaration that God's servant 'will be made to stand' (Rom 14:4), histemi anchors the New Testament's theology of divine positioning and human perseverance.

Senses
1. stand, be standing Intransitive: to stand, be standing, or be in a standing position — the core physical-positional sense. Arabic waqafa (to stand) and Korean seo-itda (to be standing) consistently mark static bodily position. The dominant sense (107x), covering crowds standing by the sea (Matt 13:2), workers standing idle in the marketplace (Matt 20:3, 6), and the apocalyptic 'abomination of desolation standing where it should not' (Matt 24:15; Mark 13:14). The perfect tense hestekos ('having taken one's stand') frequently appears as a present-state participle, confirming the stative-resultative meaning. 107×
MOVEMENT Stances Standing and Establishing
AR["الوَاقِفِينَ", "قائِمَةً", "قَائِمًا", "قَائِمَةً", "واقِفينَ", "واقِفًا", "واقِفٌ", "وَاقِفًا", "وَاقِفُ"]·ben["দাঁড়ানো", "দাঁড়িয়ে", "দাঁড়িয়ে,", "দাঁড়িয়ে-আছে", "দাঁড়িয়ে-আছেন", "দাঁড়িয়ে-থাকা", "দাঁড়িয়ে-থাকা,"]·DE["stehen", "steht"]·EN["having-stood", "standing"]·FR["se-tenir", "se-tenir-debout"]·heb["עָמַד", "עוֹמְדִים", "עוֹמֵד"]·HI["कुछ-नहीं", "खड़ा", "खड़ा-हुआ", "खड़ा-होकर", "खड़े-हुए", "खदे"]·ID["berdiri", "berdiri,", "yang-berdiri"]·IT["stare-in-piedi"]·jav["ingkang-jumeneng", "jumeneng", "jumeneng,", "jumeng", "ngadeg", "ngadeg,"]·KO["그들-과", "서-계신", "서-계신-것-을", "서-있는", "서-있는-자들", "서-있었다", "서서", "선-후에"]·PT["de-pé", "de-pé,", "em-pé", "estando-de-pé", "estando-em-pé", "estão-de-pé", "que-está"]·RU["ставшего", "стоя", "стоящего", "стоящего,", "стоящий", "стоящий,", "стоящим", "стоящих", "стоящую"]·ES["de-pie", "estando-de-pie", "que-está-de-pie"]·SW["akisimama", "aliyesimama", "amesimama", "katika", "limesimama", "waliosimama"]·TR["duran", "duranları", "duranların", "durarak", "dururken"]·urd["پاس", "کھڑا", "کھڑا ہوا", "کھڑا-ہو-کر", "کھڑا-ہوا", "کھڑا-ہوتے-ہوئے", "کھڑی", "کھڑی-ہوئی", "کھڑے-ہوئے"]
2. set, place, cause to stand Transitive causative: to set, place, or cause someone or something to stand in a particular position. Arabic aqama (to set up, establish) and Korean se-uda (to make stand) mark the agentive placement. Appears 17 times with a direct object: the devil setting Jesus on the pinnacle (Matt 4:5), Jesus placing a child in the midst (Matt 18:2; Mark 9:36), and the Son of Man separating sheep from goats by setting them on his right and left (Matt 25:33). The first aorist active estesa is the morphological signature of this transitive sense. 17×
MOVEMENT Stances Standing and Establishing
amh["ሊያቆማችሁ"]·AR["أَقامَهُ", "أَقَامَهُ", "أَقَامُوا", "أَقَامُوهُمْ", "أَنْ-يُثَبِّتَ-هُ", "أَوقَفَهُ", "أَوْقَفَهُ", "أَوْقَفُوهُمْ", "تُقِمْ", "سَتَقِفُونَ", "مُوقِفِينَ", "واقِفين-ها", "يقيم", "يُقِيمُ"]·ben["তিনি-দাঁড়-করালেন", "তোমরা-দাঁড়াবে", "দাঁড়-করাইলেন", "দাঁড়-করাতে", "দাঁড়-করাল", "দাঁড়-করালেন", "দাঁড়-করিয়ে", "ধর", "রাখবেন", "রাখলেন"]·ces["postavit"]·dan["at-stille"]·DE["hinzustellen", "stehen", "steht"]·ell["στήσαι"]·EN["having-placed", "having-set", "he-placed", "he-set", "he-will-place", "set", "stood", "they-set", "they-set-up", "to-make-stand", "to-set", "you-will-stand"]·FR["faire-tenir", "se-tenir", "se-tenir-debout"]·guj["ઊભા-કરવા"]·hat["prezante"]·hau["tsayar"]·heb["הֶעֱמִיד", "הֶעֱמִידוּ", "יַעֲמִיד", "לְהַעֲמִיד", "להעמיד", "תַּעֲמִיד", "תַּעַמְדוּ"]·HI["खड़ा-करके", "खड़ा-करने-को", "खड़ा-करने-में", "खड़ा-करेगा", "खड़ा-किया", "खड़े-किए", "खड़े-किए-जाओगे", "खद-किय", "लगा"]·hun["állítani"]·ID["Dia-akan-menempatkan", "Ia-menempatkan", "kamu-akan-berdiri", "menegakkan", "menempatkan", "mereka-mengajukan", "tanggungkan", "untuk-menempatkan"]·IT["presentare", "stare-in-piedi"]·jav["badhé-masangaken", "mandhegaken", "mapanaken", "ngadegaken", "panjenengan-sedaya-badhe-jumeneng", "panjenenganipun-ngadegaken", "sasampunipun-jumenengaken"]·JA["立たせる-ことが"]·KO["그들-이", "세우고", "세우리라", "세우셨다", "세우소서", "세우시기를", "세우실", "세웠다"]·mar["उभे-करण्यास"]·mya["တည်စေ"]·nld["te-stellen"]·nor["stille"]·pnb["کھڑا-کرن"]·pol["postawić"]·PT["a-pôs", "apresentar", "apresentaram", "colocará", "colocou", "fazê-lo-estar-de-pé", "imputes", "pôs", "sereis-colocados", "tendo-colocado", "tendo-posto"]·ron["a-vă-pune"]·RU["будете-поставлены", "вмени", "поставив", "поставил", "поставили", "поставит", "поставить"]·ES["habiendo-puesto", "habiéndola-puesto-de-pie", "lo-presentó", "lo-puso", "para-hacerle-estar-firme", "pondrá", "pongas", "presentar", "presentaron", "pusieron", "puso", "seréis-puestos"]·SW["akamweka", "alimsimamisha", "alimweka", "atawaweka", "kumsimamisha", "kuwasimamisha", "mtasimama", "usiwahesabie", "wakimsimamisha", "wakiwasimamisha", "waliwaweka", "waliweka"]·swe["att-ställa"]·tam["நிறுத்த"]·tel["నిలుపుటకు"]·tgl["iharap"]·TH["ตั้ง"]·TR["-o", "dikip", "dikmek", "dikmek-için", "dikti", "durduracaksınız", "durdurdu", "koyacak", "koydu", "koyduklarında", "koydular", "öne-sürdüler"]·ukr["поставити"]·urd["کھڑا-کر-کے", "کھڑا-کرنے", "کھڑا-کرنے-کو", "کھڑا-کرے-گا", "کھڑا-کیا", "کھڑے-کیے", "کھڑے-کیے-جاؤ-گے", "گن"]·VI["đặt-đứng"]·yor["láti-fi-yín-dúró"]·yue["使⋯站立"]·ZH["使站立"]
3. stand firm, endure Figurative intransitive: to stand firm, remain steadfast, or endure under pressure — moral and spiritual perseverance. Arabic thabata (to stand firm) and Korean gutgeonhi seoda (to stand firm) distinguish this from mere physical position. Appears 15 times, most memorably in Jesus's axiom 'a kingdom divided against itself cannot stand' (Matt 12:25; Mark 3:24-26) and Paul's exhortations to 'stand firm in the faith' (1 Cor 16:13; Eph 6:11, 13-14). Spanish estar firme and the martial imagery of Ephesians 6 confirm the metaphor of maintaining one's ground against assault. 15×
MOVEMENT Stances Standing and Establishing
AR["أن-يَثبُتَ", "أَن-تَثبُتوا", "أَنْ تَقومَ", "أَنْ يَثْبُتَ", "أَنْ يَقومَ", "تَثبُتوا", "تَثبُتونَ", "تَثبُتُ", "تَثْبُتُ", "تَقِفونَ", "ثابِتٌ", "يَثبُتُ", "يَثْبُتُ"]·ben["তোমরা-দাঁড়াও", "তোমরা-দাঁড়িয়ে-আছ।", "দাঁড়াতে", "দাঁড়াতে,", "দাঁড়াতে?", "দাঁড়াতে।", "দাঁড়াবে", "দাঁড়িয়ে-আছ,", "দাঁড়িয়ে-আছ।", "দাঁড়িয়ে-আছে,", "স্থির-হবে"]·DE["stehen", "steht"]·EN["stand", "stands", "to-stand", "will-be-established", "will-stand", "you-may-stand", "you-stand"]·FR["se-tenir", "se-tenir-debout"]·heb["יִקּוּם", "יַעֲמֹד", "לַ-עֲמֹד", "לַעֲמֹד", "לַעֲמֹד.", "נִצָּב", "עוֹמְדִים", "עוֹמֵד", "תַּעֲמֹד", "תַּעַמְדוּ"]·HI["अन्त", "खड़ा-रहेगा", "खड़ा-है", "खड़ा-होने?", "खड़े-हो-तुम", "खदे-होन", "खधि-है,", "तिक-पअयेगअ", "तिकेगअ", "तुम-खड़े-हो", "तुम-खदे-रहो", "वह", "स्थिर-होगा"]·ID["akan-bertahan", "akan-ditegakkan", "berdiri", "berdiri,", "berdiri.", "berdiri?", "engkau-berdiri", "kamu berdiri", "kamu-berdiri,", "kamu-berdiri-teguh"]·IT["stare-in-piedi"]·jav["badhé-dipuntetepaken", "badhé-madeg", "badhé-madeg.", "jumeneng,", "jumeng", "madeg", "madeg,", "madeg.", "ngadeg", "ngadeg.", "panjenengan-jumeneng", "panjenengan-ngadeg."]·KO["너희가-서도록", "서-있다", "서는-것을", "서다", "서리요", "서있는", "설-수-없느니라", "설-수-있겠느냐", "설-수-있겠는가", "섰다", "섰다,", "확정될-것이다"]·PT["estais-firmes", "estais-firmes,", "estejais", "estás-firme.", "ficar-em-pé", "permanece", "permanecer-firmes", "permanecer-firmes.", "será-confirmada", "subsistir", "subsistir,", "subsistir."]·RU["-высокомудрствуй", "станет", "стоит", "стоите", "стояли", "устоит", "устоять", "устоять.", "устоять?"]·ES["estar-firmes", "estáis-firmes", "estás-firme", "estéis-firmes", "mantenerse", "permanece", "permanecerá", "se-establecerá", "se-sostendrá", "sostenerse"]·SW["itasimama", "kusimama", "kusimama,", "kusimama.", "kusimama?", "litathibitishwa", "mmesimama", "mnasimama.", "msimame", "simama.", "umesimama.", "unasimama", "utasimama"]·TR["ayakta-kalacak", "ayakta-kalmak", "ayakta-kalmak,", "ayakta-kalmak.", "ayakta-kalmayacak", "dikilmek", "dikilmeye", "duracak", "durasaniz", "durmaya", "duruyor", "duruyorsun", "duruyorsunuz", "kurulacak", "o-"]·urd["قائم-رہنا", "قائم-رہے-گا", "قائم-رہے-گی", "قائم-ہو", "قائم-ہوگی", "قائم-ہے", "کھڑا-رہنا", "کھڑا-ہونا", "کھڑا-ہے", "کھڑے-رہو", "کھڑے-ہو", "کھڑے-ہونے-کو"]
4. stop, stand still Intransitive cessative: to stop, halt, or stand still after motion. Korean meomchuda (to stop, halt) and Spanish detenerse (to stop oneself) distinguish cessation from static standing. Appears 7 times: the star stopping over Bethlehem (Matt 2:9), Jesus stopping on the road (Matt 20:32; Mark 10:49), the funeral bier standing still at Jesus's touch (Luke 7:14), and the hemorrhaging woman's flow of blood ceasing (Luke 8:44). The ingressive-resultative shift from motion to stasis is the defining feature — something was moving and now stands.
MOVEMENT Stances Standing and Establishing
AR["إِذْ-وَقَفَ", "تَقِفَ", "وَ-وَقَفَ", "وَاقِفًا", "وَقَفا", "وَقَفوا", "وَقَفَ"]·ben["তারা-দাঁড়ালেন", "থামল", "থামাতে", "দাঁড়াল", "দাঁড়িয়ে"]·DE["stehen", "steht"]·EN["having-stopped", "it-stood", "standing", "stood-still", "stopped", "they-stood-still", "to-stop"]·FR["se-tenir", "se-tenir-debout"]·heb["לַעֲמֹד", "עָמְדוּ", "עָמַד", "עוֹמֵד"]·HI["ठहर-गए", "ठहर-गया", "ठहरकर", "थम-गया", "रुकना", "रुखकर"]·ID["berhenti", "mereka-berhenti"]·IT["stare-in-piedi"]·jav["mandheg", "ngadeg"]·KO["멈쳤다", "멈추고", "멈추었다", "멈춰-서서", "멈춰-서션다", "멈춰-섬다", "세우기-를"]·PT["parando", "parando,", "parar", "pararam", "parou"]·RU["остановившись", "остановившись,", "остановилась", "остановились", "остановилось", "остановить"]·ES["cesó", "detenerse", "deteniéndose", "habiéndose-detenido", "se-detuvieron", "se-detuvo"]·SW["-", "akisimama", "ilisimama", "kusimama", "wakasimama", "walisimama"]·TR["durarak", "durdu", "durdular", "durdular.", "durması-için"]·urd["رُک-کر", "رُک-گیا", "رک-کر", "رک-گئے", "ٹھہرا", "کھڑا-کرنے", "کہا"]
5. establish, confirm Abstract transitive: to establish, confirm, uphold, or ratify — used of laws, covenants, and divine purposes. Arabic yuththabitu (to confirm) and Spanish establecer (to establish) mark the institutional-legal register. Appears 6 times: establishing testimony by two or three witnesses (Matt 18:16), God appointing a day of judgment (Acts 17:31), Paul insisting 'we uphold the law' (Rom 3:31), Israel seeking to establish their own righteousness (Rom 10:3), and the Lord's power to make his servant stand (Rom 14:4). The semantic distance from physical standing to institutional confirmation shows the full metaphorical arc of histemi.
MOVEMENT Stances Standing and Establishing
AR["أَنْ-يُقِيمُوا", "تَثْبُتَ", "سَيُثَبَّتُ", "عَيَّنَ", "نُثَبِّتُ", "يُثَبِّتَ"]·ben["আমরা-প্রতিষ্ঠিত-করি।", "তিনি-স্থাপন-করেন", "দাঁড়-করানো-হবে", "প্রতিষ্ঠা-করতে", "প্রতিষ্ঠিত-হয়", "স্থির-করেছেন"]·DE["stehen", "steht"]·EN["he-might-establish", "he-set", "he-will-be-made-to-stand", "may-be-established", "to-establish", "we-establish"]·FR["se-tenir", "se-tenir-debout"]·heb["יִקּוּם", "יָקִים", "יוּעַמַד", "לְהָקִים", "מַעֲמִידִים-אֲנַחְנוּ", "קָבַע"]·HI["खड़ा-किया-जाएगा", "ठहराया-है", "थहरे", "स्थापित-करते-हैं", "स्थापित-करने-को", "स्थापित-करे;"]·ID["Dia-menetapkan", "Dia-tegakkan;", "Ia-akan-tegak-berdiri", "diteguhkan", "kami-tegakkan.", "mendirikan"]·IT["stare-in-piedi"]·jav["dipuntetepaken", "kaseksèkaken", "kita-teguhaken.", "nemtokaken", "ngadegaken,", "piyambakipun-badhé-dipun-adegaken"]·KO["그가-정하셨다", "세우기를", "세우느니라", "세우려하고", "세움-받으리라", "세워지게"]·PT["Estará-de-pé", "confirmamos", "estabelecer,", "estabeleça"]·RU["не-", "подтвердилось", "силен", "установил", "установить", "утверждаем"]·ES["establecemos", "establecer", "estableció", "establezca", "se-establezca", "será-mantenido-firme"]·SW["ameweka", "atasimamishwa", "aweke", "kusimamisha,", "lithibitishwe", "tunaithibitisha"]·TR["belirledi", "dikilecektir", "koysun", "kurmaya", "kurulsun", "sağlamlaştırıyoruz"]·urd["قائم-کرنا", "قائم-کرے", "قائم-ہو", "مقرر-کیا-ہے", "کھڑا-رکھا-جائے-گا", "ہم-قائم-رکھتے-ہیں"]
6. sense 6 A transitive commercial sense in Matt 26:15 where the chief priests 'set' or 'weighed out' thirty pieces of silver for Judas. Spanish pesaron ('they weighed') preserves the ancient connection between establishing a weight and fixing a price. This rare usage echoes the LXX rendering of Hebrew sheqal-based idioms and connects to the archaic practice of standing scales to weigh payment. The sense is 'to fix, determine, or weigh out' a sum — a specialized commercial extension of the causative placement meaning.
MOVEMENT Stances Standing and Establishing
AR["وَزَنُوا"]·ben["স্থির-করল"]·DE["steht"]·EN["set"]·FR["se-tenir"]·heb["שָׂמוּ"]·HI["ठहराए"]·ID["mereka-menetapkan"]·IT["stare-in-piedi"]·jav["namtokaken"]·KO["세웠다"]·PT["fixaram"]·RU["назначили"]·ES["pesaron"]·SW["walimwekea"]·TR["koydular"]·urd["رکھے"]

Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἵστημι (compare ἱστάω, ἱστάνω), __I causal, make to stand, imperative ἵστη Refs 8th c.BC+imperfect ἵστην, Epic dialect ἵστασκε Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἵσταν Refs 5th c.BC+future στήσω, Doric dialect στᾱσῶ Refs 3rd c.BC+: aorist 1 ἔστησα, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔστᾰσαν for ἔστησαν uncertain in Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 1 middle ἐστησάμην (never intransitive)Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect