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ἐπιθῡμ-έω G1937
V-PPA-NMS  |  16× in 2 senses
To desire intensely—either longing for something good or coveting what is forbidden.
A verb of intense inner desire whose moral coloring depends entirely on its object. When Jesus says 'I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you' (Luke 22:15), the word glows with holy longing. When prophets and kings 'desired to see' what the disciples see (Matt 13:17), it speaks of sacred anticipation. But in the Decalogue tradition—'you shall not covet' (Rom 7:7; 13:9)—and in warnings about fleshly desire (Matt 5:28; 1 Cor 10:6; Gal 5:17), it carries the weight of sinful craving. Spanish captures this moral split strikingly: 'anhelar/desear' for righteous longing versus 'codiciar' for covetousness, tracking the Greek's full range.

Senses
1. desire, long for To desire, long for, or yearn after something—with neutral or positive connotation. Jesus earnestly desires to share the Passover with his disciples (Luke 22:15), prophets and righteous people longed to see and hear what the disciples experience (Matt 13:17; 1 Pet 1:12), and the prodigal son longs to fill his stomach even with pig food (Luke 15:16; cf. Luke 16:21; 17:22). French 'désirer' and Spanish 'anhelar/deseaba' treat the longing as straightforward and morally unmarked.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Desire and Coveting
AR["اشتَهَوا", "اشْتَقْتُ", "تَشتَهونَ", "كَانَ-يَشْتَهِي", "نَشْتَهي", "يَرْغَبُ", "يَشتاقُ", "يَشْتَهُونَ"]·ben["আকাঙ্ক্ষা-করলাম", "আকাঙ্ক্ষা-করেন", "কামনা-করছিল", "কামনা-করি", "চাইত", "চাইবে", "চেয়েছিল", "তারা-কামনা-করবে", "সে-ইচ্ছা-করে।"]·DE["begehren", "begehrt"]·EN["I-desired", "desire", "he-desires", "he-was-longing", "longed", "longing", "we-desire", "will-desire", "you-will-desire"]·FR["désirer"]·heb["הִתְאַוֵּיתִי", "הִתְאַוָּה", "הִתְאַוּוּ", "יִתְאַוּוּ", "מִשְׁתַּוְקִים", "מִשְׁתּוֹקְקִים", "מִתְאַוֶּה", "תִתְאַוְּוּ"]·HI["इचछ-करत-है", "चअहअ", "चाहता-था", "चाहते-हैं", "चाहेंगे", "चाहोगे", "लालसा-की", "लालसा-रखते-हैं"]·ID["Aku-merindukan", "Kami-menghendaki", "dia-menginginkan", "ia-menginginkan", "ingin", "kamu-akan-rindu", "menginginkan", "mereka-akan-menginginkan", "mereka-ingin"]·IT["desiderare"]·jav["Kula-kepengin", "kepengin", "kepéngin", "kepéngin.", "kita-kepengin", "piyambakipun-sedaya-ngersakaken"]·KO["갈망하는", "갈망할-것이니", "소원했다", "원하니", "원하며", "원한다.", "원할-것이다", "원했다"]·PT["Desejamos", "deseja", "desejam", "desejando", "desejaram", "desejareis", "desejarão", "desejava"]·RU["возжелаете", "возжелал", "возжелают", "жаждет", "желаем", "желал", "желали", "желают", "желающий"]·ES["anhela", "deseaba", "deseamos", "desean", "deseando", "desearon", "desearán", "desearéis", "deseé"]·SW["akitamani", "alitamani", "anataka", "mtakapotamani", "nimetamani", "tunatamani", "walitamani", "wanatamani", "watatamani"]·TR["arzuladılar", "arzuladım", "arzular", "arzulayacaklar", "arzulayacaksınız", "arzulayan", "arzuluyoruz", "can-atıyordu"]·urd["چاہا", "چاہتا-تھا", "چاہتا-ہے۔", "چاہتے-ہوئے", "چاہتے-ہیں", "چاہو-گے", "چاہیں-گے"]
2. covet, lust after To covet, lust after, or crave sinfully—desire directed at a forbidden object. Jesus intensifies the commandment: looking at a woman 'to desire her' is already adultery of the heart (Matt 5:28). Paul identifies this verb with the Tenth Commandment: 'I would not have known coveting if the law had not said, You shall not covet' (Rom 7:7; Rom 13:9). The Israelites in the wilderness 'craved evil things' (1 Cor 10:6), and the flesh 'desires against the Spirit' (Gal 5:17). Spanish shifts decisively to 'codiciar/codiciarás,' a vocabulary reserved for wrongful appropriation.
EMOTION_ATTITUDE Attitudes and Emotions Desire and Coveting
AR["اشتَهَوا", "تَشتَهونَ", "تَشْتَهِ", "لَمْ-أَشْتَهِ", "يَشتَهي", "يَشْتَهِيَهَا"]·ben["আমি-লোভ-করিনি", "কামনা-করতে", "কামনা-করে,", "কামনা-করেছিল।", "লালসা-করবে", "লালসা-করো", "লোভ-করবে,"]·DE["begehren", "begehrt"]·EN["I-coveted", "desired", "desires", "to-desire", "you-desire", "you-shall-covet"]·FR["désirer"]·heb["הִתְאַוּוּ", "חָמַדְתִּי", "לִחְמֹד", "מִתְאַוִּים", "מִתְאַוֶּה", "תִּחְמֹד", "תִּתְאַוֶּה"]·HI["इचछ-रखत-है,", "ललचाने", "ललचाया-नहीं", "लालच-करेगा", "लालचा-की", "लालचायेगा", "लालसा-करते-हो"]·ID["Kamu-menginginkan,", "aku-inginkan", "mengingini,", "mengingini.", "menginginkan"]·IT["desiderare"]·jav["kepéngin,", "kula-pepengin.", "melik.", "ngersakaken", "ngersakaken,", "ngersakaken.", "punapa"]·KO["나는-탐하지-않았다", "욕심하노라,", "탐내고,", "탐내도록", "탐내지", "탐내지-말라", "탐하였던것처럼"]·PT["cobia", "cobicei.", "cobiçais", "cobiçar", "cobiçaram.", "cobiçareis,", "cobiçarás."]·RU["вожделением", "желает", "желаете,", "и-", "пожелали.", "я-не-желал."]·ES["codiciar", "codiciarás", "codiciáis", "codicié", "desea", "desearon"]·SW["hutamani", "kumtamani", "mnatamani", "sikutamani", "tamani,", "usitamani", "walivyotamani."]·TR["arzu-edeceksin", "arzu-etmedim", "arzuladılar", "arzulama", "arzulamak", "arzular", "arzularsınız"]·urd["خواہش-کی", "لالچ-کرو-گے۔", "لالچ-کرے-گا", "للچانے", "چاہا", "چاہتا-ہے", "چاہتے-ہو٬"]

Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐπιθῡμ-έω, set one's heart upon a thing, long for, covet, desire, with genitive of things, Refs 5th c.BC+; of political attachments, τῶν ἡμετέρων πολεμίων 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.28; ὀλιγαρχίας 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 20.3: with infinitive, desire to do, πλῶσαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.24; ἀπικνέεσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, desire, covet, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐπιθυμοῦν τοῦ