G0314 G0314
To read a written text; in passive, to be read aloud in a public or congregational setting.
A verb rooted in the older Greek sense of 'knowing again' or 'recognizing,' which by the Hellenistic period had settled firmly into the meaning 'to read.' In the Gospels, Jesus repeatedly uses it to challenge his opponents — 'Have you not read?' (Matt 12:3; 19:4; 21:16) — appealing to Scripture as self-evident authority. The passive form appears in epistolary and liturgical contexts where letters or Scriptures are read aloud to gathered communities (Col 4:16; 2 Cor 3:15). Spanish 'lees' and German 'lesen' both mirror the straightforward reading sense, while the French 'lire' covers both active and passive usage without distinction.
Senses
1. to read — Active reading of a written text — Scripture, letter, or document — whether privately or publicly. Jesus's rhetorical 'have you not read?' (Matt 12:3, 5; 21:42) presupposes personal engagement with the text. The multilingual glosses (Spanish 'habéis-leído,' German 'lesen,' French 'lire') uniformly confirm a single core reading sense with no semantic drift across traditions. Encompasses study, citation, and recitation of authoritative writings. 25×
AR["القارِئُ", "تَقرَأوا", "تَقرَأُوا", "تَقْرَأوا", "تَقْرَأُ", "قارِئِ", "قَارِئُ", "قَرَأتُم", "قَرَأوا", "قَرَأُوا", "قَرَأْتُمْ", "قَطُّ", "كَانَ-يَقْرَأُ", "لَمَّا-قَرَأَ", "يَقْرَأُ"]·ben["তোমরা-পড়েছ", "পড়ছ", "পড়ছিলেন", "পড়লেন", "পড়া", "পড়িয়া", "পড়ে", "পড়েছ", "পড়েছ-কি", "পাঠক", "পাঠকারী"]·DE["lesen", "ἀνέγνωτε", "ἀναγινώσκεις", "ἀναγινώσκων", "ἀναγνοὺς", "ἀναγνόντες", "ἀνεγίνωσκεν"]·EN["did-you-read", "do-you-read", "have-you-read", "having-read", "he-was-reading", "one-reading", "read", "reading", "was-reading", "you-read"]·FR["lire"]·heb["קְרָאתֶּם", "קְרָאתֶם", "קָרְאוּ", "קָרָא", "קוֹרְאִים", "קוֹרֵא"]·HI["पढ़कर", "पढ़ता-था", "पढ़ता-है", "पढ़ने-वाला", "पढ़ने-वाला,", "पढ़नेवाला", "पढ़ा", "पध"]·ID["Membaca", "dibaca", "engkau-baca", "engkau-membaca", "kalian-baca", "kamu-baca", "kamu-membaca", "membaca", "membaca,", "yang-membaca"]·IT["leggere"]·jav["ingkang-maos", "maos", "maos-panjenengan?", "panjenengan-maos", "panjenengan-sedaya-sampun-maos", "sampun-maos"]·KO["너희가-읽었느냐", "읽고", "읽고-있는", "읽고-있었다", "읽느냐", "읽는-것-을", "읽는-자-와", "읽는-자는", "읽었느냐", "읽었는가", "읽었다", "읽지", "읽지-못하였느냐"]·PT["Tendo-lido", "leram", "lestes", "lestes,", "lia", "lês", "que-lê"]·RU["Прочитав", "не-читали", "не-читали,", "не-читали-вы", "прочитав", "прочитали", "читаешь", "читал", "читали", "читали-ли", "читали-ли-вы", "читали-ли-вы,", "читающий", "читающий,"]·ES["habiendo-leído", "habéis-leído", "lees", "leyendo", "leyeron", "leía", "leísteis", "que-lee"]·SW["-", "Kutoka", "akisoma", "alikuwa-akisoma", "anayesoma", "asomaye,", "hamkusoma", "kwamba", "lililosemwa", "mlisoma", "mmesoma", "na-aelewe", "soma", "unasoma", "unayosoma?", "wakisoma", "walisoma"]·TR["okudular", "okudunuz", "okuduğunu", "okumadınız", "okumadınız-mı", "okumadınız-mı,", "okursun", "okuyan", "okuyordu", "okuyunca"]·urd["جو", "پڑھ-کر", "پڑھا", "پڑھتا-تھا", "پڑھتا-ہے", "پڑھنے-والا", "پڑھی"]
Matt 12:3, Matt 12:5, Matt 19:4, Matt 21:16, Matt 21:42, Matt 22:31, Matt 24:15, Mark 2:25, Mark 12:10, Mark 12:26, Mark 13:14, Luke 4:16 (+13 more)
2. to be read aloud — Passive voice: a text being read aloud to others, especially in congregational worship or public assembly. Paul instructs that his letter be read (ἀναγινωσκομένη) among the churches (Col 4:16), and Moses is read aloud every Sabbath (Acts 15:21). Spanish distinguishes the passive clearly ('es-leído,' 'leída'), while German and French do not mark the voice shift lexically, relying on context — highlighting that the Greek passive carries a specifically communal, liturgical nuance absent from the active. 7×
AR["أنْ-تُقْرَأَ", "المَقروءَةُ", "تُقرَأَ", "تُقرَأُ", "يُقرَأُ"]·ben["পঠিত", "পঠিত-হয়", "পড়া", "পড়া-হতে", "পড়া-হয়"]·DE["lesen", "ἀναγινωσκομένας", "ἀναγινωσκόμενος"]·EN["being-read", "is-read", "it-is-read", "to-be-read"]·FR["lire"]·heb["אָז", "הַנִּקְרָאוֹת", "לְהִקָּרֵא", "נִקְרֵאת", "נִקְרָא", "תִּקָּרֵא"]·HI["जो-पढ़ी-जाती-है", "पढ़ा-जाता-हुआ", "पढ़ा-जाता-है", "पढ़ी-जाती-हैं", "पध-जये", "पधन"]·ID["dibaca", "dibacakan", "yang-dibaca"]·IT["leggere"]·jav["dipun-waos", "kawaos", "kawaos,"]·KO["읽혀지는", "읽혀지도록", "읽혀지면", "읽히는", "읽히며"]·PT["for-lida", "lida", "lidas,", "seja-lida", "sendo-lido.", "ser-lida", "é-lido"]·RU["будет-прочитано", "было-прочитано", "прочитать", "читаемое", "читаемые", "читаемый", "читается"]·ES["es-leído", "leída", "leídas", "que-sea-leída", "sea-leída", "siendo-leído"]·SW["akisomwa", "asomapo", "inayosomwa", "isomwe", "itakaposomwa", "zinazosomwa,"]·TR["bilinen", "okunanlar", "okunarak", "okundu-mu", "okunması", "okunsa", "okunsun"]·urd["پڑھا-جاتا", "پڑھا-جاتا-ہے", "پڑھی-جائے", "پڑھی-جاتی-ہیں"]
Related Senses
H0559 1. say, speak, tell (5297×)G3004 1. say, tell, speak (2226×)H1696 1. speak, say, tell (Piel) (1105×)H7121 1. call, summon, name (575×)H6680 1. command, order, charge (483×)H6030b 1. answer, respond, reply (289×)G2980 1. speak, talk (277×)H5046 1. Hifil: to tell, report (237×)G0611 1. answer or respond verbally (232×)H1288 1. Piel: bless, invoke blessing (227×)H7650 1. swear, take an oath (Niphal) (154×)H3789 1. Qal passive participle: written, recorded (112×)H1984b 1. praise, laud (Piel) (111×)H7592 1. ask, inquire, question (96×)H3034 1. give thanks, praise (Hifil) (94×)G1321 1. teach, instruct actively (92×)H3789 2. Qal active: write, compose (89×)G1125 1. to write, compose (a letter or document) (84×)H5046 2. Hifil: to declare, proclaim (79×)H7892a 1. song, musical composition (78×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
Included with: ἀναγιγνώσκω, later ἀναγῑνώσκω: __I Epic dialect only in aorist 2 ἀνέγνων, __I.1 know well, know certainly, οὐ γάρ πώ τις ἑὸν γόνον αὐτὸς ἀνέγνωRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.1.b perceive, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __I.2 know again, recognize, Refs 8th c.BC+, acknowledge, own, ἀναγνῶναι τοὺς συγγενέαςRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist passive once in Refs 5th c.BC+ __II after Refs 8th c.BC+, future ἀναγνώσομαι…