Senses
1. be astounded, marvel, wonder — To be astonished, dumbfounded, or filled with amazement, used across all stems (Qal and Hitpael) with a single core meaning of overwhelming surprise or stupefaction. In the Qal perfect the brothers marveled at Joseph's seating arrangement (Gen 43:33, eng 'marveled,' arb tacajjaba, spa se-asombraron). The Qal imperfect describes future astonishment: faces look amazed at one another (Isa 13:8, eng 'look-in-amazement,' hin ve-chakit-honge), nations are astounded (Jer 4:9), the righteous are astounded at the wicked (Job 26:11), and the kings of Ps 48:5 'were astounded' (arb tacajjabu). The Qal imperative commands astonishment: 'be stunned' (Isa 29:9, Hab 1:5). Even the Hitpael imperative in Hab 1:5 ('be utterly astounded,' wehittammehu) carries the same semantic force with reflexive intensification. Eccl 5:8 uses the Qal imperfect for 'do not wonder' at injustice. All multilingual glosses converge on astonishment/amazement: arb yatacajjabun, spa se-asombraran, kor nollara, hin ashcharyachakit. 9×
AR["تَعَجَّبوا","عَجَباً","وَ-تَتَعَجَّبُ","وَ-تَعَجَّبوا","وَ-تَعَجَّبَ","وَ-تَعَجَّبُوا","يَتَعَجَّبُونَ"]·ben["আর-আশ্চর্য-হল","আশ্চর্য-হবে","এবং-তারা-ভয়-পায়","এবং-বিস্মিত-হও","ও-আশ্চর্য-কর","তারা-বিস্মিত-হবে","বিস্মিত-হও","বিস্মিত-হয়েছিল"]·DE["[והתמהו]","[ויתמהו]","[ותמהו]","[יתמהו]","[תמהו]","[תתמה]","sie-waren-astounded","und-staunten"]·EN["and-are-astounded","and-be-astounded","and-be-stunned","and-marveled","be-astounded","shall-be-astounded","they-look-in-amazement","they-were-astounded","wonder"]·FR["[ותמהו]","[יתמהו]","et-marveled","et-soyez-étonnés!","et-ויתמהו","s'étonner","soyez-étonnés!","תתמה"]·heb["ו-התמהו","ו-יתמהו","ו-תמהו","יתמהו","תמהו","תתמה"]·HI["अचंभित-हुए","आश्चर्य-कर","आश्चर्य-करो","और-आश्चर्य-करो","और-आश्चर्यचकित-हुए","और-वे-चकित-होते-हैं","चकित-होंगे","वे-चकित-होंगे"]·ID["akan-terheran-heran","dan-heranlah","dan-takjub","dan-takjublah","heran","mereka-tercengang","takjub;"]·IT["[ותמהו]","[יתמהו]","[תמהו]","e-e-are-astounded","e-marveled","e-meravigliarsi","meravigliarsi","wonder"]·jav["gumun","lan-aneh","lan-nggumunaken","lan-sami-gumun","lan-sami-gumunan","sami-gumun","sami-kesengsem","sami-nglempak"]·KO["그리고-놀라고","그리고-놀라나니","그리고-놀라라","그리고-놀람다","놀라고","놀라라","놀랄-것이다","놀랐도다"]·PT["e-admiraram-se","e-assombrai-vos","e-maravilhai-vos","e-se-espantam","maravilhai-vos","pasmar-se-ão","se-admiraram","te-admires"]·RU["будут-смотреть-с-изумлением","и-изумляйтесь","и-изумляются","и-удивляйтесь","и-удивлялись","изумились","оцепенеют","удивляйся","удивляйтесь"]·ES["asombraos","se-asombraron","se-asombrarán","se-espantarán","te-asombres","y-asombraos","y-se-asombran","y-se-asombraron"]·SW["kustaajabu","kwa-mdogo","na-shangaeni","na-staajabuni","na-zinashangaa","shangaeni","wakastaajabu","watashangaa"]·TR["sasacaklar","sasir","ve-sasirin","ve-şaşırdılar","ve-şaşırın","ve-şaşırır","şaşıracaklar","şaşırdılar","şaşırın"]·urd["اور-حیران ہوتے ہیں","اور-حیران-ہو","اور-حیران-ہوئے","حیران","حیران-رہ-گئے","حیران-ہو","حیران-ہوں-گے","حیرت-زدہ-ہوں-گے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [תָּמַהּ] vb. be astounded, dumb-founded (NH id.; so Aramaic תְּמַהּ, ܬܡܰܗ );— Qal Pf. 3 pl. תָּמָ֑הוּ ψ 48:6; Impf. 2 ms. תִּתְמַהּ Ec 5:7; 3 mpl. יִתִמְהוּ Jb 26:11, etc.; Imv. mpl. תְּמָ֑הוּ Is 29:9; Hb 1:5;—be astounded, Is 29:9; Hb 1:5 (v. Hithp.), Je 4:9 (‖ שׁמם, Niph.), ψ 48:6; + מִן caus. Jb 26:11; + על rei at which Ec 5:7; look in astonishment at ת׳ אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ Gn 43:33 (J), Is…