Amazement and Astonishment

θαυμ-άζω, Ionic dialect θωμ-, Attic dialect future θαυμάσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect θαυμάσσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+ is variant for{-σαιτε}, Refs: aorist ἐθαύμασα Refs 4th c.BC+, etc., Epic dialect θαύμασα Refs: perfect τεθαύμακα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist 1 ἐθαυμασάμην variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἂν θαυμας ώμεθα (to be read -σαίμεθα) Refs 5th c.AD+; θαυμάσαιτο variant in Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, future -ασθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐθαυμάσθην Refs: perfect τεθαύμασμαι Refs 2nd c.BC+ __1 absolutely, wonder, marvel, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, marvel at, Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, ὡς τέρας θ. Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ παρὼν -άζεται I wonder why he is not present, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b honour, admire, worship, once in Refs 8th c.BC+; μηδὲν θ., Latin nil admirari, Refs 1st c.AD+; technically, of the attendance of small birds on the owl, Refs 4th c.BC+; θ. πρόσωπον to show respect to a person, i.e. comply with their request, LXX; θ. τινά τινος for a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be admired, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς ὁμοίως τεθαυμασμένους [ποιητάς] Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ εἰκότα θ. to receive proper marks of respect, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.c say with astonishment, ἵνα μηδεὶς.. εἶτα τότ᾽ οὐκ ἔλεγες ταῦτα..; θαυμάζῃ Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 with genitive, wonder at, marvel at, τούτου (conjecture for τοῦτο) Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, ὃ δ᾽ ἐθαύμασά σου λέγοντος Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. τί τινος to wonder at a thing in a person, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 rarely with dative of things, to wonder at, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 followed by Preps., τὰ -όμενα περί τινος LXX+5th c.BC+ __6 frequently followed by an interrogative sentence, θαυμάζομεν οἷον ἐτύχθη Refs 8th c.BC+; θ. ὅτι I wonder at the fact that.. , Refs 5th c.BC+; but more commonly, θ. εἰ.. I wonder if.. , as a more polite way of saying I wonder that.. , Refs 5th c.BC+; θαύμαζον ἀκούων, εἰ σὺ μὴ εἴης.., Latin mirum ni.. , Refs 5th c.BC+ —This construction is frequently combined with one or other of the {θαῦμα}. __6.b with accusative, θαύμαζ᾽ Ἀχιλῆα, ὅσσος ἔην οἷός τε Refs 8th c.BC+; Τηλέμαχον θαύμαζον, ὃ θαρσαλέως ἀγόρευε they marvelled at Telemachus, that he spake so boldly, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ δὲ θαυμάζεσκον (Ionic dialect imperfect), ὡς.. Refs 4th c.BC+: sometimes without a connective, ἀλλὰ τὸ θαυμάζω· ἴδον.. Refs 8th c.BC+: sometimes with infinitive, θαυμάζομεν Ἕκτορα δῖον, αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+ __6.c with genitive, θ. τινός, ἥντινα γνώμην ἔχων κτλ. Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. τῶν δυναστευόντων εἰ ἡγοῦνται I wonder at men in power supposing, Refs; ὑμῶν θ. εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 with accusative et infinitive, πενθεῖν οὔ σε θ. Refs 5th c.BC+: after a genitive, θαυμάζω δέ σου.. κυρεῖν λέγουσαν Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐξίστημι, causal in present, imperfect, future, aorist 1:—displace: hence, change, alter utterly, τὰν φύσιν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, ἐξιστάναι τινὰ φρενῶν drive one out of his senses, Refs 5th c.BC+; simply ἐ. τινά drive one out of his senses, confound, amaze, Refs 5th c.BC+diverts the attention, Refs 4th c.BC+; excite,NT; τὸν λογισμόν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Refs 1st c.AD+ __3 get rid of, dispose of the claims of a person, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 ἐξεστᾰκότα (ἐξεστηκότα codex): εἰς δίκην κεκληκότα, Refs 5th c.AD+ __B intransitive in passive and middle, with aorist 2, perfect, and pluperfect active: __B.1 of Place, arise out of, become separated, ἐξ.. ἵστατο Νεῖκος Refs 5th c.BC+; stand aside from, ἐκστάντες τῆς ὁδοῦ out of the way, Refs 5th c.BC+; θάκων καὶ ὁδῶν ἐ. [τινί] stand out of the way forhim, make way for him, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, in same sense, Refs 5th c.BC+is displaced, disordered, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 with accusative, shrink from, shun, νιν οὐκ ἂν ἐξέστην ὄκνῳ Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.3 go out of joint, ἐ. ἰσχίον Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II with genitive of things, retire from, give up possession of, τῆς ἀρχῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκστῆναι τῆς οὐσίας, ἁπάντων τῶν ὄντων, become bankrupt, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 cease from, abandon, τῆς φιλίας, τῶν μαθημάτων, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν σπουδασμάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν πεπραγμένων, i.e. disown them, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἐ. ἄθλου τινί, στρατηγίας τινί, abandon it in his favour, Refs 1st c.BC+ __B.II.3 ἐκστῆναι πατρός lose one's father, give him up, Refs 5th c.BC+; καρδίας ἐξίσταμαι τὸ δρᾶν I depart from my heart's purpose, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially φρενῶν ἐκστῆναι lose one's senses. Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, to be out of one's wits, be distraught, ἐ. μελαγχολικῶς Refs 5th c.BC+; ταῖς διανοίαις Vett. Val.70.25; ἐξίστασθαι καὶ μαίνεσθαι πρὸς τὴν ὀσμήν Refs 4th c.BC+; of anger, εὐθέως ἐξστησόμενος Refs 1st c.BC+; to be astonished, amazed, NT; lose consciousness, of Sisera, LXX __B.II.4 ἐξίστασθαι τῆς αὑτοῦ ἰδέας depart from, degenerate from one's own nature, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ δημοκρατίαι ἐ. εἰς τὰς ἐναντίας πολιτείας degenerate into..,Refs 4th c.BC+changing its properties, turning, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶνος ἐξεστηκώς or ἐξιστάμενος changed, sour wine, Refs 4th c.BC+; πρόσωπα ἐξεστηκότα disfigured faces, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.5 absolutely, change one's position, one's opinion, ἐγὼ μὲν ὁ αὐτός εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἐξίσταμαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.6 of language, to be removed from common usage, Refs __B.III stand out, project, ἐξεστηκός convex, opposed to κοῖλον, Refs

ἐκπλήσσω, Attic dialect ἐκπλήττω, strike out of, drive away from, expel, ἐκ δ᾽ ἔπληξέ μου τὴν αἰδῶ Refs 4th c.BC+; ὃς (i.e. κεραυνὸς) αὐτὸν ἐξέπληξε τῶν.. κομπασμάτωνRefs 5th c.BC+: absolutely,drive away, ἡ τέρψις τὸ λυπηρὸν ἐκπλήσσει Refs 5th c.BC+ __II drive out of one's senses by a sudden shock, amaze, astound, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅ μ᾽ ἐκπλήσσει λόγου frightens me in speaking, Refs 5th c.BC+ — in this sense most frequently in aorist 2 passive, Epic dialect ἐξεπλήγην (see. below), Attic dialect ἐξεπλάγην [ᾰ] (also aorist I ἐξεπλήχθην Refs: perfect participle ἐκπεπληγμένος Refs 5th c.BC+; to be panic-struck, amazed, especially by fear, ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας Refs 8th c.BC+: with participle, ἐκπεπληγμένον κεῖνον βλέποντες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκπλαγῆναί τινι to be astonished at a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+ to be struck with panic fear of.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 generally, of any sudden, overpowering passion, to be struck with desire, Refs 5th c.BC+; with love, Refs 5th c.BC+; χαρᾷ, ἡδονῇ, Refs 5th c.BC+; with admiration, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 εἰς ὁμολογίαν ἐκπλήττειν frighten one into.., falsa lectio in Refs 2nd c.BC+

† [תָּמַהּ] vb. be astounded, dumb-founded (NH id.; so Aramaic תְּמַהּ, ܬܡܰܗ );— Qal Pf. 3 pl. תָּמָ֑הוּ ψ 48:6; Impf. 2 ms. תִּתְמַהּ Ec 5:7; 3 mpl. יִתִמְהוּ Jb 26:11, etc.; Imv. mpl. תְּמָ֑הוּ Is 29:9; Hb 1:5;—be astounded, Is 29:9; Hb 1:5 (v. Hithp.), Je 4:9 (‖ שׁמם, Niph.), ψ 48:6; + מִן caus. Jb 26:11; + על rei at which Ec 5:7; look in astonishment at ת׳ אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ Gn 43:33 (J), Is 13:8. Hithp. Imv. mpl. + Qal Imv. וְהִתַּמְּהוּ תְּמָהוּ Hb 1:5 (v. supr.), lit. astonish yourselves, be astounded, but We Hithpalp. הִתְמַהְמְהוּ; Gr reads inf.abs תָּמֹהַּ (Marti al. וּתְמָהוּ) for תמהו.

ἐκθαμβ-έω, to be amazed, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II transitive, amaze, astonish, LXX:—passive, NT+2nd c.AD+

θαμβ-έω, to be astounded, οἱ δὲ ἰδόντες θάμβησαν Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, to be astonished at, θάμβησαν δ᾽ ὄρνιθας Refs 8th c.BC+ __II later also causal, alarm, LXX:—passive, to be astounded, NT astounded, Refs 1st c.AD+

παράδοξος, ον, contrary to expectation, incredible, π. λόγος a paradox, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ τοῦ παραδόξου καὶ παραλόγου contrary to all expectation, Refs 4th c.BC+; παράδοξα Stoical paradoxes, Refs {παραδοξότης}: comparative, Refs 1st c.BC+: superlative, LXX. adverb -ξωςRefs 4th c.BC+: superlative -όταταRefs 2nd c.AD+; -οτάτως Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II παράδοξος, title of distinguished athletes, musicians, and artists of all kinds, the Admirable, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [דָּהַם] vb. astonish, astound (Arabic دَهِمَ, دَهَمَ )— Niph. Pt. כְּאִישׁ נִדְהָם Je 14:9 like a man astounded (‖ כְּגִבּוֹר לֹא יוכל להושׁיע); 𝔊 ὑπνῶν = נִרְדָּם.

† [שְׁמַם] vb. Ethpôʿal be appalled (𝔗 (rare); v. BH Chr-Pal. ܫܡ, Schulth209);—Pf. 3 ms. אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם (K§ 36) Dn 4:16.

† תְּוַהּ vb. be startled, alarmed (𝔗 id., Syriac ܬܘܰܗ );— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. ת׳ Dn 3:24.