H8156 H8156
To split, cleave (hooves); to tear apart violently; to restrain or hold back
A verb of dividing and tearing that spans dietary law, heroic narrative, and moral restraint. Five of its nine occurrences appear in the Levitical and Deuteronomic food laws, describing the 'cloven hoof' that distinguishes clean from unclean animals (Lev 11:3, 7, 26; Deut 14:6-7). In the Samson narrative, the young hero tears a lion apart as one might tear a kid (Judg 14:6) — raw, violent splitting. Most surprisingly, the same root appears when David 'restrained' his men from attacking Saul (1 Sam 24:7), as though he split apart and held back the impulse toward violence.
Senses
1. to split, have cloven (hooves) — Splitting or having cloven hooves (Qal). The diagnostic feature in Israelite dietary law: animals that 'split the hoof' are candidates for clean status (Lev 11:3, 7, 26; Deut 14:6-7). Spanish 'hendidura/hiende' (cleft/cleaves) and French 'fendu' (split) reflect the taxonomic precision. All five occurrences cluster tightly in the Pentateuchal purity legislation. 5×
AR["الْمَشْقُوقَةَ","وَ-شَاقِّةِ","وَ-شَقٌّ","وَ-مُنْشَقَّةِ","وَ-يَنْشَقُّ"]·ben["উট","এবং-বিভক্ত","এবং-বিভক্ত-করা","এবং-বিভক্তকারী"]·DE["der-cloven","und-split","und-splitting"]·EN["and-split","and-splitting","the-cloven"]·FR["et-fendu","et-splitting","le-cloven"]·heb["ה-שסועה","ו-שוסעת","ו-שיסע"]·HI["और-दो भागों में फटा हुआ","और-फाड़ने-वाला","फाड़े-हुए"]·ID["dan-berkuku-terbelah","dan-terbelah","dan-yang-berkuku-terbelah","yang-terbelah"]·IT["e-split","e-splitting","il-cloven"]·jav["ingkang-mbelah","lan-mbelah","lan-pamisah","nanging-pamisah"]·KO["그-갈라진","그리고-갈라지는","그리고-갈라진","그리고-갈라짐을"]·PT["a-dividida","e-divide","e-fenda","e-fende","e-fendendo"]·RU["-расщеплённое","и-расщепление","и-расщепляет","и-расщепляющее","и-расщепляющий"]·ES["la-hendida","y-hendidura","y-hiende","y-que-hiende","y-que-parte"]·SW["na-anapasuka","na-apasukaye","na-kupasuka","na-zinazopasuka","zilizopasuka"]·TR["ve-bölen","ve-çatal","yarık"]·urd["-ٹوٹی-ہوئی","اور-ٹوٹ","اور-ٹوٹنے-والا"]
2. to tear apart, rip asunder (Piel) — Tearing apart or ripping asunder with violent force (Piel intensive). Samson tearing a lion barehanded 'as one tears a kid' (Judg 14:6) and the ritual tearing of a bird at its wings in burnt offering (Lev 1:17). Spanish 'despedazar/desgarrará' (to tear to pieces) and French 'déchira' capture the visceral intensity of this Piel usage. 3×
AR["كَشَقِّ","وَ-شَقَّهُ","وَ-يَشُقُّ"]·ben["এবং-চিরে-ফেললেন-তাকে","এবং-ছিঁড়ুক","চেরার-মতো"]·DE["und-er-soll-zerreissen","und-zerriss-es","wie-tearing"]·EN["and-he-shall-tear","and-tore-it","like-tearing"]·FR["comme-tearing","et-déchira-il","et-il-devra-déchirer"]·heb["ו-שיסע","ו-שסעהו","כ-שסע"]·HI["और-चीर-डाला-उसे","और-चीरे","चीरने-की-तरह"]·ID["Dan-ia-akan-mengoyak","dan-mencabik","seperti-mencabik"]·IT["come-tearing","e-egli-dovra-strappare","e-strappò-esso"]·jav["Lan-nyuwèk","kados-nyuwèk","lan-nyuwèk"]·KO["그리고-그-가-찢으라","그리고-찢었다-그것을","찢듯이"]·PT["E-rasgará","como-despedaçar","e-despedaçou-o"]·RU["и-надломит","и-разорвал-его","как-разрывают"]·ES["Y-desgarrará","como-despedazar","y-lo-despedazó"]·SW["Na-atairarua","kama-kurarua","na-akamrarua"]·TR["parçalamak-gibi","ve-parçaladı-onu","ve-yaracak"]·urd["اور-چیر-ڈالا-اُسے","اور-چیرے","جیسے-چیرا-جاتا-ہے"]
3. to restrain, hold back (Piel extended) — Restraining or holding back (Piel extended/metaphorical). In 1 Sam 24:7, David 'split apart' — that is, restrained or checked — his men from killing Saul. Spanish 'contuvo' (he contained) and French 'il retint' (he held back) confirm the metaphorical extension: the force that tears apart physically can also sever and restrain an impulse. 1×
AR["وَمَنَعَ"]·ben["এবং-ছেদন-করল"]·DE["und-er-restrained"]·EN["and-he-restrained"]·FR["et-il-retint"]·heb["ו-שיסע"]·HI["और-रोका"]·ID["Dan-mencerai-beraikan"]·IT["e-egli-trattenne"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-ngendheg"]·KO["그리고-찢어놓았다"]·PT["E-conteve"]·RU["и-удержал"]·ES["y-contuvo"]·SW["na-akazuia"]·TR["Ve-engelledi"]·urd["اور-روکا"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G2962 1. Lord (divine title) (661×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H0136 1. Lord (divine title) (440×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0113 1. lord, human superior (249×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)G1849 1. authority, power (91×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)H6485a 2. Qal: punish, bring judgment (63×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [שָׁסַע] vb. divide, cleave (NH Pi. tear apart; 𝔗 Jer Pa. La 3:11 tear in pieces (for ℌ פִּשֵּׁחַ));— Qal Pt. (c. acc. cogn. שֶׁ֫סַע): ms. וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה Lv 11:7 (P; on שֹׁ׳ cf. LagBN 84) cleaving the cleft of the hoof, i.e. having cloven hoof, so fs. שֹׁסַ֫עַת v 3, cf. Dt 14:6; שֶׁסַע אֵינֶנָּה שֹׁסַ֫עַת Lv 11:26 (P); pass. הַפַּרְסָה הַשְּׁסוּעָה Dt 14:7. Pi. tear in two, a lion,…