Splitting and Cleaving

† בָּקַע vb. cleave, break open or through (NH id., MI15 מבקע השחרת from break of dawn; Aramaic בְּקַע; cf. Ethiopic በቍዐ profit, be useful, orig. findere, aperire, Di)— Qal Pf. בָּקַע ψ 78:13, בָּֽקְעָה Is 34:15, בָּקַעְתָּ Ne 9;11 ψ 74:15, וּבָֽקַעְתָּ֫ Ez 29:7; Impf. וַיִּבְקַע Ju 15:19 Is 48:21, וַיִּבְקְעוּ 2 S 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:18, וַיִּבְקָעוּהָ 2 Ch 21:17; Imv. וּבְקָעֵהוּ Ex 14:16; Inf. cstr. sf. בִּקְעָם Am 1:13 2 Ch 32:1; Pt. act. בּוֹקֵעַ Is 63:12 Ec 10:9, בֹּקֵעַ ψ 141:7;— 1. cleave, cleave open, sq. acc. Ju 15:19 God cleft open the hollow (הַמַּכְתֵּשׁ), and water came out, cf. Is 48:21 (obj. צוּר), also ψ 74:15 bring forth by cleaving, obj. מַעְיָן וָנָחַ֑ל, all three of divine operation; cleave or rip open pregnant women Am 1:13; of a broken staff, tearing the shoulder Ez 29:7 (but read כַּף hand for כָּתֵף, 𝔊 𝔙 Sm (?) Co); cleave wood Ec 10:9 (‖ מַסִּיעַ אֲבָנִים); of ploughing (furrowing) the earth ψ 141:7 (‖ פֹּלֵחַ; in sim.); especially of dividing the sea, Ex 14:16 (P) Ne 9:11 ψ 78:13, cf. Is 63:12, obj. מַיִם;—in all these subj. י׳ except Ex 14:16 where he commands Moses; of hatching out (a brood, but no obj. expr.) Is 34:15, subj. קִפּוֹז arrow-snake. 2. break through or into, sq. בְּ 2 S 23:16 = 1 Ch 11:18; sq. acc. 2 Ch 21:17 וַיַּעֲלוּ בִיהוּדָה וַיִּבְקָעוּהָ; also 32:1, obj. suff. ref. to cities, ויאמר לְבִקְעָם אֵלָיו and he thought to break into them and so bring them unto himself. Niph. Pf. נִבְקַע Jb 26:8 Zc 14:4 (וְ consec.); נִבְקְעוּ Gn 7:11 Is 35:6, נִבְקָ֑עוּ 2 Ch 25:11 Pr 3:20; Impf. יִבָּקַע Is 58:8, יִבָּקֵ֑עַ Jb 32:19; 3 fs. תִּבָּקַע Is 59:5, וַתִּבָּקַע Nu 16:31 + 3 times; Inf. cstr. לְהִבָּקֵעַ Ez 30:16;— 1. be cleft, rent open, subj. the ground, הָֽאֲדָמָה Nu 16:31 (J), הָאָרֶץ 1 K 1:40 (hyperb.) mountain Zc 14:4; burst open, of men hurled from rock 2 Ch 25:12; of cloud beneath its weight of water Jb 26:8; hyperb. of belly full of words seeking a vent, Jb 32:19 like new wine-skins it will burst open; so of the water-receptacles (מעינות) of the great deep, at the flood Gn 7:11, of the water-masses themselves, תהומות Pr 3:20, מים ונחלים Is 35:6; also of the Red Sea, וַיִּבָּקְעוּ המים Ex 14:21; of light breaking forth Is 58:8 (fig.); of serpent’s egg hatching out as a viper Is 59:5 הַזּוּרֶה תִּבָּקַע אֶפְעֶה. 2. be broken into, of city captured by breaches in walls 2 K 25:4 = Je 52:7, Ez 30:16. Pi. Pf. בִּקֵּעַ 2 K 15:16 Jb 28:10, וּבִקַּעְתִּ֫י Ez 13:13, בִּקֵּ֑עוּ Is 59:5; Impf. יְבַקַּע ψ 78:15, וַיְבַקַּע Gn 22:3; 3 fs. תְּבַקֵּעַ Ez 13:11, תְּבַקְּעֵם Ho 13:8; 2 ms. תְּבַקַּע־ Hb 3:9, תְּבַקֵּ֑עַ 2 K 8:12; 2 fpl. וַתְּבַקַּעְנָה 2 K 2:24;—cleave, cut to pieces, or rend open (often more complete or more violent than Qal), sq. acc., of cleaving wood Gn 22:3 i.e. cut it up for burning, so 1 S 6:14; of ripping open pregnant women 2 K 8:12; 15:16; of tearing in pieces children 2 K 2:24; cf. also Ho 13:8 (fig.); of cleaving open rocks, to bring forth water ψ 78:15 (subj God); of cutting mining-shafts Jb 28:10 בַּצּוּרוֹת יְאֹרִים בּ׳; נְהָרוֹת תְּבַקַּע־אָ֑רֶץ Hb 3:9 into rivers thou cleavest (the) earth; break through or down (a wall, but no obj. expr.), Ez 13:11 רוּחַ סְעָרוֹת תְּבַקֵּ֑עַ (but Co תִּבָּקֵעַ), cf. v 13 וּבִקַּעְתִּי רוּחַ סְעָרוֹת בַּחֲמָתִי of hatching eggs Is 59:5 בֵּיצֵי צִפְעוֹנִי בִּקֵּ֑עוּ (fig.) Pu. Impf. יְבֻקָּ֑עוּ Ho 14:1; Pt. מְבֻקָּעָה Ez 26:10, מְבֻקָּעִים Jos 9:4;—be ripped open, of women Ho 14:1 (vb. of masc. form); rent, of old wine-skins Jos 9:4; broken into, of a city in whose walls a breach has been made Ez 26:10. Hiph. Impf. 1 pl. sf. וְנַבְקִעֶנָּה Is 7:6; Inf. cstr. לְהַבְקִיעַ 2 K 3:26;—break into, sq. sf. ref. to Judah, Is 7:6 ונב׳ אֵלֵינוּ let us break into it, lay it open, and so bring it unto ourselves (cf. Qal 2 Ch 32:1); break through (abs.) with sword, שֹׁלֵף חֶרֶב לְהַבְקִיעַ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם 2 K 3:26. Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָבְקְעָה הָעִיר Je 39:2 the city was broken into, entrance was made by a breach. Hithp. Pf. הִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ Jos 9:13, Impf. יִתְבּקָּ֑עוּ Mi 1:4;—burst (themselves) open, of wine-skins Jos 9:13; cleave asunder, of valleys Mi 1:4.

† [שָׁסַע] vb. divide, cleave (NH Pi. tear apart; 𝔗 Jer Pa. La 3:11 tear in pieces (for ℌ פִּשֵּׁחַ));— Qal Pt. (c. acc. cogn. שֶׁ֫סַע): ms. וְשֹׁסַע שֶׁסַע פַּרְסָה Lv 11:7 (P; on שֹׁ׳ cf. LagBN 84) cleaving the cleft of the hoof, i.e. having cloven hoof, so fs. שֹׁסַ֫עַת v 3, cf. Dt 14:6; שֶׁסַע אֵינֶנָּה שֹׁסַ֫עַת Lv 11:26 (P); pass. הַפַּרְסָה הַשְּׁסוּעָה Dt 14:7. Pi. tear in two, a lion, kid, Impf., Inf. cstr. וַיְשַׁסְּעֵהוּ כְּשַׁסַּע הַגְּדִי Ju 14:6; a bird (by, or at, its wings), Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשִׁסַּע אֹתוֹ Lv 1:17 (P); Impf. 3 ms. (אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו בַּדְּבָרִים) וַיְשַׁסַּע 1 S 24:8 gives too violent a meaning; prob. crpt. for word = restrain, or the like Dr HPS, cf. Bu Now (hesitantly).

† שֶׁ֫סַע n.[m.] cleft;—as acc. cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.v.; abs. Lv 11:26, cstr. v 3, 7 Dt 14:6.

† II. [פָּרַר] vb. split, divide (so ψ 74:13 seems to require [but √ פור SS is possible], cf. Arabic فَرْفَرَ split, tear, rend; perhaps = I.; > BuhlLex. shake, quake, citing Arabic فَرْفَرَ shake, Aramaic אִתְפַּרְפַּר, ܦܰܪܦܰܪ, cf. NH פִּרְפֵּר);— Qal Inf. abs. + Hithpōʿ. Pf. 3 fs. פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה אֶרֶץ Is 24:19 split or cracked through is the earth (CheHeb. Hpt.. פרוק התפרקה). Pōʿ. Pf. 2 ms. פּוֹרַרְתָּ ψ 74:13 thou [י׳] didst divide the sea.

† [בָּתַר] vb. cut in two (Arabic بَتَرَ cut off prematurely; extirpate by cutting)— Qal Pf. בָּתָ֑ר Gn 15:10; Pi. Impf. וַיְבַתֵּר Gn 15:10 id.