H8058 H8058
To let drop, release, or hurl down; covers sabbatical remission of debts, forceful throwing, and stumbling
At its root this verb means 'to let drop' or 'let fall,' but its applications fan out dramatically. In sabbatical-year legislation (Exod 23:11, Deut 15:2-3) it denotes the release or remission of debts and the fallowing of land — Spanish 'soltarás' and 'remitirá' both reflect the act of letting go of a financial claim. In the violent narrative of 2 Kings 9:33 Jehu commands 'throw her down!' and Jezebel is hurled from the window. The word also describes the oxen stumbling at the threshing floor (2 Sam 6:6; 1 Chr 13:9), and in its Niphal passive form the wicked 'are thrown down' in Psalm 141:6.
Senses
1. release, remit (debts/land) — To release, remit, or let lie fallow — the technical legal sense used for the sabbatical year. Exodus 23:11 commands Israel to let the land drop (lie unworked), while Deuteronomy 15:2-3 extends this to the remission of debts. Spanish 'remitirá' and French 'release' both highlight the economic dimension: creditors must let their claims fall. Jeremiah 17:4 applies the same image to Israel releasing its grip on its inheritance. 4×
AR["تُبْرِئُ", "تُريحُها", "وَ-تُطْلَقُهَا", "يُبْرِئُ"]·ben["আর-ছেড়ে-দিবে", "তুমি-মুক্ত-করবে", "পরিত্যাগ-করবে-এটাকে", "মুক্ত-করা"]·DE["[ושמטתה]", "du-soll-release-es", "releasing", "soll-release"]·EN["And-you-will-release", "releasing", "shall-release", "you-shall-release-it"]·FR["[ושמטתה]", "devra-release", "releasing", "tu---release-cela"]·heb["ו-שמטת", "שמוט", "תשמט", "תשמטנה"]·HI["और-छोड़ना-पड़ेगा-तुझे", "छोड़-दो-उसे", "छोड़ेगा"]·ID["dan-engkau-akan-melepaskan", "engkau melepaskannya", "hapuskanlah", "menghapuskan"]·IT["[ושמטתה]", "dovra-release", "releasing", "tu-shall-release-esso"]·jav["Lan-panjenengan-badhé-ucul", "kedah-panjenengan-ngasoaken", "ngasoaken", "panjenengan-badhé-ngèndeli"]·KO["그리고-네가-놓치리라", "너는-놓아두라", "놀아주리라"]·PT["E-soltar-te-ás", "remitindo", "remitirá", "soltarás-a"]·RU["и-отпустишь", "оставь-её", "отпускай", "отпусти"]·ES["Y-soltarás", "la-dejarás", "remitirá", "soltará"]·SW["Na-utaachia", "kusamehe", "msamehe", "utaiacha"]·TR["bağışlayacak", "bağışsın", "bırakacaksın-onu", "ve-bırakacaksın"]·urd["اور-چھوڑ-دے-گا", "چھوڑ-دو-اُسے", "چھوڑ-دے-گا"]
2. throw down, hurl — To throw down or hurl forcefully from a height. The vivid triple occurrence in 2 Kings 9:33 — Jehu's command and its execution — makes this sense unforgettable: 'Throw her down! And they threw her down.' Spanish 'tiradla/la tiraron' and French 'jette/jeté en bas' both convey the deliberate, violent act of casting Jezebel from the palace window. 3×
AR["(اطْرَحوها)", "[اطْرَحوها]", "فَطَرَحوها"]·ben["এবং-তারা-ফেলে-দিলেন-তাকে", "ফেলে-দাও-তাকে"]·DE["[ketiv]", "und-sie-warf-ihr-hinab"]·EN["[ketiv]", "and-they-threw-her-down", "throw-her-down"]·FR["[ketiv]", "et-ils-jeta-sa-en-bas", "jette-sa-en-bas"]·heb["[שמטהו]", "ו-ישמטוה", "שמטוה"]·HI["(शिम्तूहा)", "[शम्तूहो]", "वय्यिश्मतूहा"]·ID["(ketiv)", "dan-mereka-melemparkan-dia", "lemparkan-dia"]·IT["[ketiv]", "e-essi-gettò-lei-giù", "getta-lei-giù"]·jav["(Bucalaken-piyambakipun)", "Lan-dipun-bucal", "[bucalaken-piyambakipun]"]·KO["(떨어떰려라-그녀를)", "[떨어떰려라-그녀를]", "그리고-떨어떴렸다-그녀를"]·PT["[ketiv]", "e-lançaram-a", "lançai-a"]·RU["(сбросьте-её)", "[сбросьте-её]", "и-сбросили-её"]·ES["Tiradla", "[Tirádola]", "y-la-tiraron"]·SW["(mtupeni)", "[k]", "na-wakamtupa"]·TR["(atın-onu)", "[atın-onu]", "ve-attılar-onu"]·urd["اور-پھینک-دیا-اُسے", "پھینک-دو-اُسے"]
3. stumble, slip — To stumble, slip, or lose one's footing, used intransitively. In 2 Samuel 6:6 and 1 Chronicles 13:9 the oxen stumble (or 'let the ark slip'), prompting Uzzah's fateful reach. Spanish 'tropezaron' captures the sudden loss of control, while the parallel accounts confirm the same event — a moment of physical instability with devastating consequences. 2×
AR["تَعَثَّرَتْ", "عَثَرَتْ"]·ben["টলেছিল", "হোঁচট-খেয়েছিল"]·DE["[שמטו]", "sie-stumbled"]·EN["stumbled", "they-stumbled"]·FR["[שמטו]", "ils-trébucha"]·heb["שמטו"]·HI["लड़खड़ाए", "लड़खड़ाए-थे"]·ID["tergelincir", "tersandung"]·IT["[שמטו]", "essi-stumbled"]·jav["kepleset", "kèsrepetan"]·KO["빗나갔다", "흐털렸다"]·PT["tropeou", "trouxeram"]·RU["оступились", "споткнулись"]·ES["se-soltaron", "tropezaron"]·SW["walijikwaa", "waliteleza"]·TR["kaydılar", "sendeledi"]·urd["پھسلے", "گر-گئے"]
4. be thrown down (passive) — To be thrown down or cast down, the Niphal passive form. Psalm 141:6 envisions the wicked judges 'thrown down' over rocky crags. English 'are thrown down' and Spanish 'fueron despeñados' (hurled from a cliff) both convey the passive reception of violent force, completing the semantic arc from active hurling to passive falling. 1×
AR["سَقَطُوا"]·ben["ছুঁড়ে-ফেলা-হয়েছে"]·DE["sind-thrown-down"]·EN["are-thrown-down"]·FR["lâcher"]·heb["נשמטו"]·HI["गिराए-गए-हैं"]·ID["dijatuhkan"]·IT["[נשמטו]"]·jav["Dipununcalaken"]·KO["넘겨졌도다"]·PT["Foram-lançados"]·RU["были-сброшены"]·ES["Fueron-despeñados"]·SW["wametupwa"]·TR["düşürüldüler"]·urd["ڈھکیلے-گئے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [שָׁמַט] vb. let drop (NH id., loosen, detach, draw away, Niph. slip off; Aramaic שְׁמַט loosen, pull away; ܫܡܰܛ draw sword, draw or pull away; Arabic سَمَطَ is hang, suspend, ii. release debtor (Ḳam), سِمْطٌ string of pearls);— Qal let drop, fall: Imv. mpl. sf. + Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיִּשְׁמְטוּהָ (final ו dittogr.) שִׁמְטוּהָו 2 K 9:33 he said, Let her fall, and they let her fall; then fig., of…