H7997b H7997b
To plunder, despoil; to strip someone of possessions by force, or to be stripped and made prey.
A verb of violent dispossession, frequently paired with bazaz ('seize as booty') to describe the stripping of wealth from conquered peoples and cities. Ezekiel's prophecies against Tyre (26:12) and Egypt (29:19) employ it for the wholesale plundering of national treasures. Habakkuk 2:8 turns the tables: 'because you have plundered many nations, all the remnant of peoples shall plunder you.' The Hitpael reflexive-passive appears in two striking passages — Psalm 76:5 (warriors 'stripped' of their spoil) and Isaiah 59:15 (the righteous 'made prey') — shifting the focus from the aggressor to the victim.
Senses
1. plunder, despoil (Qal active) — To plunder or despoil actively — stripping goods, wealth, or spoil from persons, cities, or nations by force. Used across Qal finite forms, infinitives, and participles. Isaiah 10:6 commissions Assyria 'to take spoil' (lishlol shalal); Ezekiel 38:12-13 describes the plundering of restored Israel's livestock and goods. Spanish saquear ('to sack') and despojaste ('you despoiled') capture the violent, acquisitive force of the active sense. 12×
AR["أَلِتَسْلِبَ", "السَّالِبِينَ", "سَالِبِيهِمْ", "سَلَبتَ", "لِتَسْلِبَ", "لِـ-يَسْلُبَ", "نَاهِبِيهَا", "وَيَسْلُبُ", "وَيَسْلُبُونَ", "وَيَسْلِبُونَ", "يَسلُبونَكَ"]·ben["-লুট-করতে", "আর-লুট-করবে", "কি-লুট-করতে", "তাদের-লুটকারীদের", "যারা-তাকে-লুট-করবে", "যারা-লুঠ-করছে", "লুট-করতে", "লুণ্ঠন-করবে-তোমাকে", "লুণ্ঠন-করেছ"]·DE["[הלשלל]", "[השללים]", "[ושלל]", "[ושללו]", "[ישלוך]", "[לשלל]", "[שלות]", "[שלליה]", "[שלליהם]"]·EN["and-he-shall-spoil", "and-they-shall-plunder", "and-they-will-plunder", "have-plundered", "is-it-to-plunder", "the-ones-plundering", "their-plunderers", "to-plunder", "who-plunder-her", "will-plunder-you"]·FR["[הלשלל]", "[ושלל]", "[ושללו]", "[לשלל]", "[שלות]", "[שלליה]", "[שלליהם]", "en-butin", "il-dépouillera", "les-dépouilles"]·heb["ה-ל-שלול", "ה-שוללים", "ו-שלל", "ו-שללו", "ישלוך", "ל-שלול", "שולליה", "שולליהם", "שלות"]·HI["उनके-लूटनेवालों", "और-लूटेंगे", "और-लूटेगा", "के-लूटने", "क्या-लूटने-के-लिए", "लूटने-के-लिए", "लूटने-वाली", "लूटने-वाले-उसके", "लूटा", "वे-लूटेंगे-तुझे"]·ID["Dan-mereka-akan-merampas", "akan-merampasmu", "dan-menjarah-", "dan-mereka-akan-merampas", "merampas", "perampas-perampas-mereka", "untuk-menjarah", "untuk-merampas", "yang-menjarahnya", "yang-merampasi"]·IT["[לשלל]", "[שלליה]", "e-saccheggiare", "saccheggiare"]·jav["Lan-sami-ngrampas", "badhé-ngrampas", "ingkang-ngrampas", "ingkang-njagal-piyambakipun", "kangge-ngrampas", "kanggé-njarah", "lan-piyambakipun-njarah", "lan-rampasan", "menapa-kanggé-njarah", "ngrampas", "tiyang-ingkang-njarah-ipun"]·KO["그-약탈하는", "그리고-약탈할-것이다-그가", "그리고-약탈할-것이다-그들이", "그리고-약탈할것이다", "노략하리라-너-를", "노략하였으므로", "약탈하기위하여", "약탈하는-자들이-그녀를", "약탈한자들-그들의를", "탈취하고"]·PT["E-saquearão", "Para-saquear", "as-que-saquearam", "e-saqueará", "e-saquearão", "os-que-a-saqueiam", "para-saquear", "saqueadores-deles", "saquearão-te", "saqueaste"]·RU["-грабящим", "грабил", "грабителей-своих", "грабить", "грабящие-её", "и-захватит", "и-ограбят", "и-разграбят", "ограбят-тебя", "разве-чтобы-грабить", "чтобы-грабить"]·ES["Para-saquear", "Y-saquearán", "despojaste", "las-que-os-despojaron", "los-que-la-despojaron", "para-saquear", "sus-despojadores", "te-despojarán", "y-despojarán", "y-saqueará", "¿Para-saquear"]·SW["Na-watateka", "je-kuteka", "kuteka", "na-atateka", "umewapora", "waliowapora", "wanaomnyang’anya", "watakupora", "watateka-nyara", "yanayowateka-nyara"]·TR["ganimet-almak-icin", "ve-yağmalayacak", "ve-yağmalayacaklar", "yağmaladın", "yağmalamak-için", "yağmalamak-için-mi", "yağmalar-seni", "yağmalayacıları", "yağmalayalarını", "yağmalayan-"]·urd["اور-لوٹیں-گے", "اور-لوٹے-گا", "اور-وہ-لوٹیں-گے", "اپنے-لوٹنے-والوں", "لوٹا", "لوٹنے", "لوٹنے-والوں", "لوٹنے-والے-اُسے", "لوٹنے-کو", "لوٹیں-گے-تجھے", "کیا-لوٹنے-کو"]
2. be stripped, despoiled (Hitpael) — To be stripped or despoiled — the Hitpael reflexive-passive form denoting the experience of being plundered rather than doing the plundering. In Psalm 76:5, the stouthearted warriors 'were stripped' (eshtolelu) of their spoil after God's rebuke. Isaiah 59:15 describes the one who departs from evil as 'making himself prey' (mishtolel) — a powerful image of vulnerability. Spanish despojados ('stripped') marks this voice distinction clearly. 2×
AR["اُسْتُلِبَ", "مَسْلُوبٌ"]·ben["লুণ্ঠিত-হয়েছে", "লুন্ঠিত-হয়"]·DE["[משתולל]", "waren-stripped"]·EN["makes-himself-prey", "were-stripped"]·FR["[משתולל]", "piller"]·heb["אשתוללו", "משתולל"]·HI["एश्तोलेलू", "लूटा-जाता-है"]·ID["Dirampok", "menjadi-mangsa"]·IT["[אשתוללו]", "[משתולל]"]·jav["Dipunrampas", "dipunrampog"]·KO["빼앗기고", "탈취당하였나이다"]·PT["Foram-despojados", "despojado"]·RU["были-ограблены", "делается-добычей"]·ES["Fueron-despojados", "es-despojado"]·SW["Waliporwa", "anaporwa"]·TR["soyuldular", "yagma-edilir"]·urd["لوٹا-جاتا-ہے", "لُوٹے-گئے"]
Related Senses
H5414 1. give, bestow (1855×)H3947 1. take, seize, grasp (Qal) (940×)G2192 1. possess / have (680×)G1325 1. give, bestow (336×)H5159 1. inherited land or property (170×)G2983 1. receive, obtain (134×)H3423 1. Qal: take possession of land (130×)G2983 2. take, take up (113×)G2398 1. one's own, belonging to oneself (91×)G3860 1. hand over, deliver to custody (78×)H7998 1. spoil, plunder, booty (74×)G1325 2. be given, be granted (70×)H5414 2. put, place, set (68×)H7999a 1. pay, repay, recompense (63×)H7069 1. Buy, purchase (59×)H1892 1. vanity, futility, absurdity (58×)H5159 2. heritage as covenant portion (52×)H6299 1. redeem or ransom (Qal active) (49×)H4376 1. Sell (Qal active) (47×)H1350a 1. Redeem, buy back (46×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. שָׁלַל vb. spoil, plunder (usually identif. with I. שׁ׳; NH id. (Jastr, cf. Dalm); Assyrian šalâlu id.; HomChr 33 cp. Sab. תֿלל plunder, connecting this with Arabic ثَلَّةٌ a flock of sheep (or goats); then 𝔗 שְׁלָלָא booty, and (rare) Syriac ܫܶܠܳܠ are loan-words);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Ez 26:12; 2 ms. שַׁלּוֹתָ Hb 2:8, etc.; Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשָׁלּוּךָ v 8; cstr. לִשְׁלֹל Is 10:6…