שָׁדַד56 H7703
To deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin; as participle: destroyer, plunderer; passive: to be laid waste
A verb of raw, sweeping violence, shadad captures the devastating force of invaders laying waste to cities, fields, and entire peoples. The prophets wield it as a verbal weapon: Isaiah pronounces Moab 'devastated' in a single night (Isa 15:1), Jeremiah personifies judgment as a 'destroyer' stalking from the thicket (Jer 4:7; 6:26), and the haunting refrain of Isaiah 33:1 turns the verb back on the aggressor — 'Woe to you, destroyer, you who have not been destroyed!' The Arabic cognate sadda ('to obstruct, make firm') and Ethiopic sadada ('to expel') illuminate the root's violent core: a forceful stopping, an uprooting. German consistently renders the agent noun as Plunderer, while Spanish shifts between destructor and asolada depending on whether the word names the agent or describes the aftermath.
Senses
1. to be laid waste (Pual passive) — The Pual passive stem (20 occurrences) expressing the resultant state of having been devastated or laid waste — applied to cities, lands, and peoples who have already suffered destruction. Isaiah's oracle against Moab opens with two cities 'laid waste in a night' (Isa 15:1), and Tyre hears the cry 'you are destroyed' from returning ships (Isa 23:1, 14). Spanish asolada and German verwuestet both convey the completed, irrevocable quality of this passive. 20×
AR["خَرِبَ","خَرِبَتْ","خُرِبَتْ","خُرِّبَ","خُرِّبَتْ","خُرِّبْنَا","نُهِبَ","نُهِبَتْ","نُهِبْنَا"]·ben["ধ্বংস-হয়েছে","ধ্বংস-হয়েছে-","ধ্বংস-হল","ধ্বংস-হলাম-আমরা","লুটিত-হয়েছি","লুটিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["verwuesten","verwuestet","verwuestete"]·EN["are-devastated","destroyed","is-destroyed","is-devastated","is-laid-waste","it-is-destroyed-","it-is-laid-waste","we-are-devastated","we-are-ruined"]·FR["dévaster"]·heb["שודד","שודדה","שודדה-","שודדו","שודדנו"]·HI["उजड़-गई","उजड़-गए","उजड़-गया","उजड़े-गए","उजाड़ा-गया","उजाड़ा-गया-","नाश-हो-गया","लूटे-गए-हम","हम-उजड़-गए-हैं"]·ID["Hancur","Rusak","dibinasakan","dihancurkan","dijarah","dimusnahkan","dirusak","kita-binasa","kita-dirusak","rusak","telah-dimusnahkan","telah-dimusnahkan-"]·IT["devastare","devasto"]·jav["Karusak","dipun-risak","dipun-rusak","dipunrisak","dipunrisak-","karisak","kita-sami-karisak","kita-sampun-dipun-risak"]·KO["멸망당하였다","멸망당하였다-그것이","멸망당하였으니","약탈당했다","약탈당했다-우리가","우리가-파괴되었는가","파괴되었다","파괴되었다-","황폐함을-당하였다","황폐함을-당하였음이라","황폐해졌도다","황폐해졌음-이라"]·PT["Foi-destruido","Foi-destruída","Foi-devastado","foi-destruida","foi-destruida-","foi-destruido","foi-devastada","foi-devastado","fomos-devastados","foram-devastadas","foram-devastados"]·RU["Опустошено","Разгромлен","Разгромлено","мы-разорены","опустошена","опустошено","опустошены","опустошён","разгромлен","разгромлен-","разорена","разорены","разорён","разрушен","разрушена"]·ES["Asolada","Fue-devastado","destruida","destruido","es-asolada","fue-destruida","fue-devastado","fueron-asoladas","fuimos-devastados","ha-sido-destruida","ha-sido-destruido","han-sido-destruidos","somos-destruidos!"]·SW["Shamba-limeharibiwa","Umeharibika","imeharibika","imeharibika-","imeharibiwa","limeharibiwa","tumeharibiwa","umeharibiwa","wameharibika","zimeharibiwa"]·TR["harap-oldu","yağmalandı","yağmalandı-","yağmalandık","yağmalandılar","yikildi","yok-edildi","yıkıldı"]·urd["اجڑا-گیا","اجڑی-گئی","اجڑے-گئے","اُجڑ-گیا","تباہ-ہو-گئی","تباہ-ہو-گئے-ہم","تباہ-ہو-گیا","تباہ-ہوا","لوٹا-گیا","لوٹی-گئی","لوٹے-گئے","لوٹے-گئے-ہم","وہ-لوٹا-گیا"]
2. destroyer, plunderer (agent noun) — The Qal active participle used substantivally as an agent noun — 'destroyer, plunderer' — across 15 occurrences. This form names the invader or oppressor as a character in prophetic drama: the 'destroyer' from whom Isaiah 16:4 promises Moab shelter, the paired destroyers of Isaiah 21:2 ('the treacherous one betrays, the destroyer destroys'). French pillards and German Plunderer capture the marauding connotation, while Spanish destructor preserves the broader semantic range. 15×
amh["ዘራፊዎች"]·AR["السّالِبينَ","الـ-مُدَمِّرُ","النَّاهِبُ","النَّاهِبُونَ","النَّاهِبِ","مُخَرِّبًا","مُخَرِّبٌ","مُخَرِّبُونَ","ناهبو","نَاهِبٌ","نَاهِبَ","نَاهِبُونَ","وَالْمُخَرِّبُ","يَا-مُخَرِّبُ"]·ben["-ধ্বংসকারী","ও-ধ্বংসকারী","ধ্বংসকারী","ধ্বংসকারীর","ধ্বংসকারীরা","যে-লুঠ-করে","লুটেরা","লুটেরাদের","লুঠকারীরা"]·ces["plenící"]·dan["plyndrere"]·DE["Plünderer","der-verwuestete","und-verwuesten","verwuesten","verwuestet","verwuestete"]·ell["ληστές"]·EN["a-destroyer","and-the-destroyer","destroyer","destroyer-of","destroyers","of-destroyers","plunderers-of","the-destroyer","the-destroyers","to-you"]·FR["dévaster","et-dévaster","pillards","à-לשדדים","שודד"]·guj["લૂંટારાઓ"]·hat["piyajè"]·hau["masu-fashi"]·heb["ה-שודד","ה-שודדים","ו-ה-שודד","ל-שודדים","שודד","שודדי","שודדים"]·HI["उजाड़ने-वाला","और-लूटने-वाला","लुटेरा","लुटेरे","लुटेरे-के","लुटेरों-के","विनाशक"]·hun["rablók"]·ID["dan-si-perusak","engkau-yang-merampas","para-perampok","pemusnah","penghancur","perampok","perampok-perampok","perusak","perusak-perusak"]·IT["destroyer","devastare","devasto","e-devastare","il-devasto","per-di-destroyers","predoni"]·jav["begal","ingkang-ngrisak","juru-begal","juru-risak","kangge-begal","lan-ingkang-ngrampas","pangrisak","panyamun","para-juru-begal","para-pangrisak","rampog"]·JA["略奪者たち-が"]·KO["그-파괴자가","그리고-멸망시키는-자가","멸망시키는-자","멸망시키는-자가","파괴자가","파괴자들-의","파괴자들이","파괴자를","파괴하는-자들이","훼치는-자여"]·mar["लुटारू"]·mya["လုယက်တိုက်"]·nld["plunderaars"]·nor["røvere"]·pnb["لُٹیرے"]·pol["rabusie"]·PT["de-destruidores","destruidor","destruidor-de","destruidores","destruidores,","devastador","e-o-devastador","o-destruidor","o-devastador","os-destruidores","saqueadores"]·ron["jefuitori"]·RU["грабители","грабитель","грабителя","губитель","губителя","для-грабителей","и-грабитель","опустошители","опустошитель"]·ES["destructor","destructor-de","destructores","devastadores","el-destructor","los-destructores","los-destructores,","saqueadores-de","y-el-destructor"]·SW["mharabu","mharabu-wa","mharibifu","mharibifu-huyo","na-mharibifu","waharibifu","wanyang'anyi-wa","waporaji"]·swe["plundrare"]·tam["கொள்ளையர்கள்"]·tel["దోచుకొనువారు"]·tgl["mga-mandarambong"]·TH["ผู้ปล้น"]·TR["soyguncular","talancinin","talancıların","ve-yagmalayan","yağmacı","yağmacılar","yok-edene","yıkıcı"]·ukr["грабіжники"]·urd["-تباہ-کرنے-والے","اور-لوٹیرا","تباہ-کرنے-والا","تباہ-کرنے-والے","لوٹنے-والا","لوٹنے-والے","لوٹیرا","لوٹیروں-کے","لوٹیرے","لُوٹنے-والا"]·VI["kẻ-cướp"]·yor["ọlọ́sà"]·yue["強盜"]·ZH["抢夺者"]
3. to destroy, despoil (Qal active) — Active Qal finite forms, imperatives, and infinitives expressing the verbal action of destroying or despoiling (11 occurrences). This is the dynamic event itself rather than the agent or the aftermath: God's enemies 'who despoil me' (Ps 17:9), the treachery of the faithless 'will destroy them' (Prov 11:3), and the imperative 'plunder!' hurled at Kedar (Jer 49:28). The infinitive construct in Jeremiah 47:4 names the purpose — 'to destroy all the remaining helpers of Tyre.' 11×
AR["(يُهْلِكُهُم)","أَهْلَكَ","أَيُّهَا-الْمُخَرِّبُ","لِيَنْهَبَ","وَانْهَبُوا","وَيَنْهَبُونَ","يَنْهَبُ","يُخَرِّبُ","يُدَمِّرُ","يُدَمِّرُونَنِي","يُفْتَرِسُهُمْ"]·ben["আর-তারা-লুট-করবে","এবং-ধ্বংস-করো","তাদের-ধ্বংস-করে","তাদেরকে-লুট-করবে","ধ্বংস-করছে","ধ্বংস-করছেন","ধ্বংস-করতে","ধ্বংস-করে","ধ্বংস-করেছেন","যারা-লুন্ঠন-করে","যে-লুঠ-করে"]·DE["devastate-mich","und-verwuesten","verwuesten","verwuestet","verwuestete"]·EN["and-destroy","and-they-will-destroy","destroying","destroys","destroys-them","devastate-me","is-destroying","shall-destroy-them","to-destroy","when-you-finish"]·FR["(ישדם)-eux","dévaster","et-dévaster"]·heb["(ישדם)","ו-שדדו","ישדדם","ל-שדוד","שדוני","שודד"]·HI["उजाड़-रहा-है","उजाड़ते-हैं-मुझे","उन्हें","उन्हें-नष्ट-करेगा","और-उजाड़ो","और-वे-उजाड़ेंगे","लूटता-है","लूटना","लूटने-को"]·ID["dan-mereka-merampas","dan-musnahkanlah","membinasakan-mereka","memusnahkan","menghancurkan","merampas","merusak","untuk-menghancurkan","yang-merusakku"]·IT["destroys-loro-loro","devastare","devasto","devasto'","e-devastare"]·jav["Yéhuwah-ngrisak","badhé-ngrisak-piyambakipun","kangge-numpes","lan-piyambakipun-badhe-ngrisak","lan-risaka","mbrastha","ngrampas","ngrisak","ngrusak","numpes","nyiyà-kula"]·KO["그-들-을-파멸시킨다","그리고-멸하라","그리하여-그들이-황폐시키리라","멸망시키는다","멸망시키다","멸망시킨다","약탈할-것이다-그들을","파괴하신다","파멸시키는","황폐케-하시는-것이다","훼치기를"]·PT["(os-destruirá)","destruindo","devasta","devasta-os","devastar","e-destruirão","e-destruí","está-devastando","me-devastam","para-destruir"]·RU["грабит","грабить","губит","губит-их","и-разгромите","и-разрушат","ограбивших-меня","опустошает","разорит-их","уничтожает","чтобы-уничтожить"]·ES["(los-destruirá)","de-destruir","destruye","devastando","los-destruirá","me-destruyen","para-destruir","y-destruirán","y-destruyan"]·SW["anaharibu","atawaangamiza","kuharibu","na-waharibu","na-wataharibu","unawaangamiza","wanaoniharibu"]·TR["harap-ederler-beni","harap-ediyor","onları-yağmalayacak","ve-harap-edecekler","ve-yağmalayın","yagmaliyor","yağmalamak-için","yağmalayan","yok-etmek","yıkar-onları","yıkıyor"]·urd["اور-لوٹو","اور-لوٹیں-گے","برباد-کرتا-ہے","تباہ-کرنے-والا","تباہ-کرے-گا-اُنہیں","تباہ-کرے-گی-اُنہیں","لوٹتا-ہے","لوٹتے-ہیں-مجھے","لوٹنا","لوٹنے-والا-ہے","لوٹنے-کو"]
4. to be destroyed (Qal Passive / Nifal) — Qal passive participles, passive imperfects, and Nifal forms (7 occurrences) expressing the process or state of being destroyed, distinct from the Pual resultative. Judges 5:27 uses the Qal passive participle of Sisera — 'where he sank, there he fell, destroyed.' The psalmist addresses Babylon as 'destroyed one' in Psalm 137:8. Isaiah 33:1 plays on active and passive simultaneously: the destroyer who will himself 'be destroyed' when his allotted time of treachery ends. 7×
AR["المُخَرَّبَةَ","تُخَرَّبُ","تُخَرَّبْ","سَلْبًا","مَخْرُوبَةٌ","مَهْزوماً"]·ben["আমরা-ধ্বংস-হয়েছি","তুমি-লুঠিত-হবে","ধ্বংস-হবে","ধ্বংসহোতা!","লুট-হয়ে","লুটিত","লুঠিত-হয়েছো"]·DE["der-devastated","verwuesten","verwuestet","zerstoerte"]·EN["being-devastated","destroyed","destroying","not","shall-be-destroyed","the-devastated","we-are-ruined"]·FR["détruisit","dévaster","le-dévaster"]·heb["ה-שדודה","יושד","נשדנו","שדוד","תושד"]·HI["उजाड़ी-हुई","उजाड़े-जाएँगे","जो-उजाड़ी-जाएगी","तू-लूटा-जाएगा","लूटा-गया","लूटा-हुआ","हम-लूटे-गए"]·ID["dirampas","engkau-akan-dirampas","hancur","kita-dijarah","yang-akan-dihancurkan","yang-dibinasakan"]·IT["devastare","devasto'","distrusse"]·jav["dipun-risak","dipun-sirnakaken","dipunrisak","ingkang-karisak","kita-dipunsirna","panjenengan-dipunrisak"]·KO["망했도다","멸망할","약탈당한-자여","파멸된","황폐되리라","훼침당하리라","훼침당하지"]·PT["destruído","devastada","devastadora","foste-devastado","serás-devastado","serão-destruídas","somos-saqueados"]·RU["будешь-ограблен","ограблен","ограблены-мы","опустошительница","поверженный","разорённая","разрушены-будут"]·ES["asolada","destruido","hemos-sido-devastados","la-devastada","serán-destruidas","serás-destruido"]·SW["aliyeshindwa","haribiwa","tumeharibiwa","uliyeharibiwa","utaharibiwa","zitaangamizwa"]·TR["harap-edilecek","mahvolduk","yağmalanmış","yok-edildin","yok-edileceksin","yok-edilmiş","yıkılacak"]·urd["برباد-ہونے-والی","تباہ-کیے-جائیں-گے","تباہ-ہوئے-ہم","لوٹا-جائے-گا","لوٹا-گیا","لوٹی-ہوئی","لٹا-ہوا"]
5. to devastate, ruin (Piel intensive) — Piel intensive forms (3 occurrences) expressing deliberate, intensified destruction or ruination. Proverbs 19:26 describes a son who 'assaults' his father and drives out his mother — the Piel intensifies the violence beyond mere plundering into personal assault. Hosea 10:2 announces that God 'will destroy' Israel's altars. The shift from Spanish destruir to arruinar in Proverbs 19:26 marks the interpersonal rather than military register. 3×
AR["تُدَمِّرْ","مُخَرِّبُ-","يُخرِّبُ"]·ben["ধ্বংস-করবেন","ধ্বংস-করো","যে-ধ্বংস-করে"]·DE["verwuestet"]·EN["assaulting","devastate","he-will-destroy"]·FR["dévaster","משדד","תשדד"]·heb["ישודד","משדד־","תשדד"]·HI["उजाड़","उजाड़नेवाला-","नाश-करेगा"]·ID["Yang-merampas","merampas"]·IT["assaulting","devastare","devastate"]·jav["Panjenenganipun-ngrisak","ngrisak","tiyang-kang-ngrisak"]·KO["파괴하리라","파괴하지","학대하고-"]·PT["O-que-arruina-","destruirá","destruás"]·RU["разобьёт","разоряй","разоряющий-"]·ES["El-que-arruina-a-","destruirá","destruyas"]·SW["anayemharibu","ataangamiza","haribu"]·TR["harap-edecek","yık","yıkan-"]·urd["برباد-کر","تباہ-کرے-گا","لُوٹنے-والا-"]
6. sense 6 — A single Qal infinitive absolute in Micah 2:4, functioning as an adverbial intensifier modifying the finite verb — 'we are utterly despoiled.' English 'utterly' and Spanish del todo capture the emphatic doubling (shadod nushaddu), a classic Hebrew intensification device where the infinitive absolute amplifies the finality of the ruin. This is not a distinct lexical sense but a grammatical deployment of the root to express totality of devastation. 1×
AR["سُلِبْنَا"]·ben["ধ্বংসে-"]·DE["welcher-Geliebter"]·EN["utterly"]·FR["dévaster"]·heb["שדוד"]·HI["लूटे-हुए"]·ID["dijarah"]·IT["devastare"]·jav["sirna"]·KO["완전히"]·PT["saqueado"]·RU["Ограблены"]·ES["Del-todo"]·SW["tumeharibiwa-kabisa"]·TR["mahvolarak"]·urd["تباہی"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
[שָׁדַד56] vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ez 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי ψ 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges§ 67 q Bae) ψ 91:6, sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges§ 67 n) Pr 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Je 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדוּ…