H7286 H7286
to beat down, subdue, spread out (metal)
This verb conveys beating or hammering, whether military subjugation or metalworking. The root meaning 'beat down' extends to subduing enemies (trampling them underfoot) and to the technical process of beating out gold leaf for overlay work. The semantic range reflects ancient Near Eastern overlap between martial and craft vocabulary.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Expresses beating down or subduing in both military and artisan contexts. The Qal infinitive in Isaiah 45:1 describes subduing nations before Cyrus; Psalm 144:2 uses the participle 'the one subduing my people under me.' Figuratively in Judges 19:11 (if correct reading), 'the day had gone down' (declined). In 1 Kings 6:32, the Hiphil means 'beat out gold' upon cherubim—hammering thin gold leaf over wooden forms. Multilingual glosses struggle with the range: Spanish 'el-que-somete' (subduing), 'había-descendido' (gone down), French 'et-il-étendit' (spread out)—showing the verb's versatility across military conquest and metallurgical technique. 4×
AR["المُخْضِعُ", "قَدْ-انْحَدَرَ", "لِأَخْضَعَ-", "وَ-أَنْزَلَ"]·ben["এবং-তিনি-বিছিয়ে-দিলেন", "নেমেছিল", "বশীভূত-করতে-", "যিনি-নত-করান"]·DE["[לרד]", "der-einer-subduing", "gegangen-hinab", "und-er-spread"]·EN["and-he-spread", "gone-down", "the-one-subduing", "to-subdue"]·FR["[לרד]", "allé-en-bas", "et-il-étendit", "le-soumettre"]·heb["ה-רודד", "ו-הוריד", "ירד", "ל-רד-"]·HI["अधीन-करनेवाला", "और-उतारा", "ढल-गया", "दबाने-के-लिए-"]·ID["dan-ia-menurunkan", "sudah-turun", "untuk-menaklukkan-", "yang-menundukkan"]·IT["[הרודד]", "[לרד]", "andato-giù", "e-egli-stese"]·jav["Ingkang-nundukaken", "lan-ndhunukaken", "mandhap", "supados-ngwasani-"]·KO["가라았았다", "그-복종시키시는-분이시라", "그리고-그가-내렸다", "복종시키기-위하여-"]·PT["desceu", "e-fez-descer", "o-que-sujeita", "para-subjugar-"]·RU["и-наложил", "покорить-", "покоряющий-", "склонился"]·ES["el-que-somete", "había-descendido", "para-someter-", "y-extendió"]·SW["anayetiisha", "ilishuka", "kushinda-", "makerubi"]·TR["boyun-egdirmek-icin-", "boyun-eğdiren", "inmişti", "ve-indirdi"]·urd["اور-پھیلایا", "جو-دباتا-ہے", "مغلوب-کرنے-کو-", "ڈھل-گیا-تھا"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [רָדַד] vb. beat out, fig. beat down, subdue (NH Pi. stamp or beat down, make flat, spread out; 𝔗 רְדַד beat out; cf. prob. Arabic رَدَّ repel, reject (NöM 75); Assyrian radâdu is pursue (rare));—Qal, fig., beat down: Inf. cstr. לְרַד לְפָנָיו גּוֹיִם Is 45:1; Pt. act. הָרוֹדֵד עַמִּי תַּחְתָּ֑י ψ 144:2;—so also Impf. יָרֹד Is 41:2 acc. Ew al. (for MT יַרְדְּ, v. I. רדה Hiph.).—Ju 19:11 read…