Descending and Tearing

נָפַל433 vb. fall, lie (NH = BH, 𝔗 נְפַל, Syriac ܢܦܰܠ; cf. also Arabic نَفَلَ dedit praedam (NöZMG xl (1886), 725 Frä 153 f.), Min. נפל remove Hom Südar. Chrest. 128);— Qal366 Pf. נ׳ Ju 5:27 +, 3 fs. נָֽפְלָה Gn 15:12 +, etc.; Impf. יִפֹּל 1 S 14:45 +, וַיִּפֹּל Ju 4:16 +; 1 s. אֶפֹּל 1 Ch 21:13 (needless change from 1 pl. נִפְּלָה ‖ 2 S 24:14 We Dr); 3 mpl. יִפְּלוּ Ho 7:16 +, יִפֹּ֑לוּ Is 3:25 +, 3 fpl. תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ez 13:11; 30:25, etc.; Imv. mpl. נִפְלוּ Ho 10:8; Je 25:27; Inf. abs. נָפוֹל Est 6:13; cstr. נְפֹל Is 30:25 +; לִנְפֹּל Je 51:49 +; sf. נָפְלוֹ 1 S 29:3, נִפְלוֹ 2 S 1:10, נִפְלָם Je 49:21 (on these forms cf. Ba NB 104); Pt. נֹפֵל Ju 4:22 +; f. נֹפֶ֫לֶת Gn 15:12 +; pl. נֹפְלִים Jos 8:25 + (ins. also 1 S 28:19 b 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo כֹּרְעִים), etc.;— 1. fall, by accident, וְנ׳־שָׁ֫מָּה Ex 21:33 (E) and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, cf. Dt 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ, on the way), bird עַל־פַּח Am 3:5; subj. pers., 1 S 4:18 (from seat, מֵעַל), Dt 22:8(×2) (from roof, מִן); often into (ב) pit (usually fig.) Pr 26:27; 28:10, also (abs.), 22:14, Ec 10:8 ψ 7:16; 57:7 (בְּתוֹךְ), cf. 35:8; 141:10 (net), also, c. אֶל, Is 24:18 = Je 48:44; fall בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ez 27:27 (of Tyrian people); abs. 2 S 4:4 Gn 14:10; Je 25:27; opp. קוּם Je 8:4 cf. Ec 4:10(×2); c. אָחוֹר fall backward Gn 49:17 (poem); c. בְּעַד through 2 K 1:2 cf. (of locusts) Jo 2:8; †נ׳ עַל־חֶרֶב causing death 1 S 31:4, 5 = 1 Ch 10:4, 5; †נ׳ עַל־פָּנָיו אַ֫רְצָה 1 S 17:49 (Goliath); subj. rei, 2 K 2:13, 14 (מֵעַל), 6:5 (אֶל־ into water); v 6 (abs.); c. עַל Lv 11:32, 35, 37, 38, אֶל־ v 33; abs. of tent Ju 7:13 + v 13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall Jos 6:5 (JE), Je 51:44, fig. Ez 13:11 (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Sm Co Berthol), v 12, 14, לְאֶרֶץ Ez 38:20; + תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. flat Jos 6:20; נ׳ of bricks Is 9:9 (in fig.), פֶּרֶץ 30:13, towers v 25, foundations Je 50:15; wall fell upon (על) 1 K 20:30, so of house Ju 16:30; Jb 1:19, mts. Ho 10:8; mt. also abs. Jb 14:18 (cf. נָבֵל), height Ez 38:20; tree Ec 11:3(×2) (ב loc.), cf. Is 10:34 (בְ instr., in fig.), Zc 11:2 (abs.); branches Ez 31:12 (fig.); a grain Am 9:9 (אֶרֶץ = to earth); of dew 2 S 17:12 (c. על), hailstones Ez 13:11; blood (אַ֫רְצָה) 1 S 26:20; †hair of head (ארצה) 1 S 14:45 2 S 14:11; 1 K 1:52; horns of altar Am 3:14 (לָאָרֶץ); peg Is 22:25; fruit עַל־פֶּה Na 3:12; crown La 5:16; arm from (מִ��) shoulder Jb 31:22; of sword (appar.) 2 S 20:8 (but on text v. Comm.); †fire from heaven, abs. 1 K 18:38 c. מִן Jb 1:16†; †hand of י׳ Ez 8:1 (c. עַל־; but read וַתְּהִי 𝔊 Co Berthol); spirit of י׳ Ez 11:5 (עַל־); of lot (גּוֹרָל) Ez 24:6; Jon 1:7 (both c. עַל), 1 Ch 26:14 (c. לְ; ‖ יָצָא), + Est 3:7 𝔊 Ry Wild (עַל); cf. Hiph. 3; hence (of share, inheritance) fall, be allotted, to (לְ) Ju 18:1 (ב = as: בְּ I 7 c; so Nu 34:2; Ez 47:14), ψ 16:6, abs. Jos 17:5.—On Ez 47:22 b v. Hiph. 3. 2. a. Especially of violent death (c. 96 times), Ju 5:27(×3) (+ שָׁדוּד), 1 S 4:10; 14:13 2 S 11:17; 21:9, 1 K 22:20 = 2 Ch 18:9, etc.; + וַיָּמָת, etc., 2 S 1:4; 2:23(×2); נ׳ חָלָל fall pierced (fatally) Ju 9:40 1 S 17:52; 31:1 = 1 Ch 10:1 +; חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ez 35:8; cf. בְּתוֹךְ חֲלָלִים 32:20; נ׳ תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים Is 10:4; נ׳ פְּגָרִים corpses fall Je 9:21; Nu 14:29 (P), v 32 (JE); by the sword, בַּחֶרֶב Am 7:17; Ho 7:16; 14:1; Is 3:25 2 S 1:12; Ez 5:12; 6:11; Nu 14:3, 43 (JE), (+ בָּרָעָב, בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.; נ׳ לְפִי חֶרֶב †Jos 8:24 (JE), Ju 4:16†; בְּיַד by the hand of †2 S 21:22; 24:14(×2) = 1 Ch 21:13(×2), 1 Ch 5:10; 20:8†; נ׳ תַּחַת רגלי fall under my feet 2 S 22:39 = ψ 18:39. b. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc. (c. 30 times); Am 5:2; 8:14 +; often ‖ כָּשַׁל Is 3:8; 8:15 (+ other words), 31:3; Je 8:12; 46:12; 50:32 ψ 5:11; 27:2; Pr 24:17; ‖ כָּרַע ψ 20:9; fig. of earth Is 24:20 (opp. קוּם); Haman falls before (לִפְנֵי) Mordecai Est 6:13(×2); cf. Is 14:12 (abs.); peculiar to Pr are נ׳ בְּרִשְׁעָה Pr 11:5, בְּרַע 13:17, בְּרָעָה 17:20; 28:14. c. fig. = experience calamity Mi 7:8 (opp. קוּם), ψ 37:34; 145:14; Pr 24:16. d. fall, of a city Je 51:8 (‖ וַתִּשָּׁבֵר). 3. a. Fall prostrate, Ju 19:26; 27, + אַ֫רְצָה Jb 1:20; fall at full length (in a faint) וַיִּפֹּל מְלֹא־קוֹמָתוֹ 1 S 28:20; sink down Nu 24:4, 16 (JE; supernat. influence); of arms of Pharaoh Ez 30:25 (opp. חָזַק). b. fall = prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי) man Gn 50:18 (E), 2 S 19:19; Gn 44:14 (J; + אַ֫רְצָה); before י׳ 2 Ch 20:18; נ׳ אֶל־פָּנָיו אַ֫רְצָה before י׳ or his representative Jos 5:14; 7:6 (both JE); also (ארצה om.) Ez 43:3; 44:4; before man 2 S 14:22; more often נ׳ עַל־פָּנָיו, before man 2 S 9:6; 1 K 18:7, 39; Ru 2:10, before י׳ Gn 17:3, 17 + 6 times P, Ez 3:23; 9:8; 11:13; 1 Ch 21:16; Dn 8:17; + אַ֫רְצָה, before man 2 S 14:4, before י׳ Ju 13:20; לְאַפָּיו אַ֫רְצָה 1 S 20:41, לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַל־פָּנֶיהָ 1 S 25:23, נ׳ ארצה 2 S 1:2 (all before man); נ׳ עַל־רַגְלָיו fall at one’s feet 1 S 25:24; 2 K 4:37, לִפְנֵי ר׳ Est 8:3. Vid. syn. sub קדד. c. fall upon (עַל) one’s neck, in embrace Gn 33:4; 46:29 (both J), 45:14 (E), עַל־פְּנֵי אָבִיו 50:1 (J). 4. a. Fall upon (עַל) = attack Je 48:32 (fig.), cf. Is 16:9; c. בְּ Jos 11:7 (D), abs. Jb 1:15; נ׳ אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ Je 46:16. b. †desert or fall away to, go over to, c. עַל־ 2 K 25:11(×2) = Je 52:15(×2), Je 21:9; 37:14; 39:9; 1 Ch 12:20, 21(×2) (van d. H. v 19, 20(×2)), 2 Ch 15:9, c. אֶל־ 2 K 7:4; Je 37:13; 38:19, abs. 1 S 29:3; Je 39:9. c. נ׳ בְּיַד fall into the hand (power) of Ju 15:18 La 1:7:—cf. also 2. a. supr. 5. †Fig., of deep sleep, c. עַל Gn 15:12 (J), 1 S 26:12; Jb 4:13; 33:15; face, countenance (in displeasure) Gn 4:5, 6 (J); נ׳ לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו 1 S 17:32 (of sinking heart); וַיִּפְּלוּ בְעֵינֵיהֶם Ne 6:16 and they were cast down in their (own) eyes (cf. Be-Ry, Ryle); †of calamity sq. עַל־ Is 47:11; Ec 9:12; terror, etc., sq. עַל־ Gn 15:12 (J), Jos 2:9 (JE), Ex 15:16 (song), 1 S 11:7; Jb 13:11 ψ 55:5; 105:38; Est 8:17; 9:2, 3; Dn 10:7; reproach, sq. עַל־ ψ 69:10; † = fail to be accomplished Jos 21:45; 23:14(×2) (all D), 1 K 8:56; 2 K 10:10 (+ אַ֫רְצָה); = not to be reckoned Nu 6:12 (P); †of word (דָּבָר) falling into (ב) Isr. Is 9:7; † = fall out, turn out, result Ru 3:18 (subj. דָּבָר). 6. Other idiomatic uses are: נ׳ לְמִשְׁכָּב take to one’s bed Ex 21:18 (E); settle Gn 25:18 (J); = alight quickly, מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Gn 24:64 (J), מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה 2 K 5:21; waste away Nu 5:21, 22, 27; = be born Is 26:18 (cf. Hiph. v 19); = be offered, of supplication (לִפְנֵי י׳) Je 36:7; 37:20; 42:2 (cf. Hiph. 6); c. מִן = be inferior to Jb 12:3; 13:2. †7. = lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; ב loc.) Ju 7:12; = lie prostrate, 1 S 19:24; usually pt. Jos 7:10 (JE; עַל־פָּנֶיךָ), 1 S 5:3, 4 (לְפָנָיו), Am 9:11, עַל־הַמִּטָּה Est 7:8; of the dead 1 S 31:8 = 1 Ch 10:8; Dt 21:1; Ez 32:27 (Co conj. נְפִילִים [cf. Gn 6:4], v. also Berthol Toy Hpt); נֹפֵל אַ֫רְצָה מֵת Ju 3:25 cf. 4:22 (om. ארצה); פְּגָרִים נ׳ אַ֫רְצָה 2 Ch 20:24; cf. also Ez 32:22, 23, 24 (del. in v 22 Hi Co Berthol, in v 23 ToyHpt). Hiph. Pf. הִפִּיל 1 S 3:19 +; 2 ms. sf. הִפַּלְתָּם ψ 73:18; 3 pl. הִפִּילוּ Ju 2:19 +; 1 pl. הִפַּלְנוּ Ne 10:35, etc.; Impf. יַפִּיל Ex 21:27, וַיַּפֵּל Gn 2:21 +, sf. יַפִּלֵם ψ 140:11; 3 mpl. יַפִּילוּ 2 K 3:25 ψ 22:19, יַפִּיל֑וּן Jb 29:24, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַפִּלֶהָ Jos 13:6; mpl. הַפִּילוּ 1 S 14:42; Inf. cstr. לְהַפִּיל 1 S 18:25 +; לַנְפִּל Nu 5:22 read לִנְפֹּל (Di Ol§ 78 c Sta§ 114 a, 2 Kö i. 309 Ges§ 66, 2 R 1); Pt. מַפִּיל 2 K 6:5 + 2 times, pl. מַפִּילִים Dn 9:18;— 1. cause to fall, c. acc., lit.: a. fell tree 2 K 3:19, 25 cf. 6:5. b. throw down wall 2 S 20:15. c. knock out tooth Ex 21:27 (E). d. lay prostrate Dt 25:2 (for bastinado). e. cast (cedar pillars) into (עַל־) fire Je 22:7; so (c. ב), wicked men ψ 140:11. f. make sword drop from (מִן) hand Ez 30:22 (fig.), cf. 39:3. g. cause stone to fall עַל Nu 35:23, flesh ψ 78:28 (בְּקֶרֶב), stars Dn 8:10 (in vision). 2. Of causing death בַּחֶרֶב 2 K 19:7 = Is 37:7, Je 19:7; Ez 32:12 (all י׳ subj.), 2 Ch 32:21 (human subj.); בְּיַד 1 S 18:25; + חֲלָלִים Ez 6:4; Pr 7:26; also ψ 106:26; Dn 11:12 = overthrow, bring to destruction, ψ 37:14; 73:18 (c. ל), 106:27. 3. Especially of casting lot (גּוֹרָל), Is 34:17 (c. לְ for), Ne 10:35 (c. עַל + inf.), 11:1 (c. inf.), 1 Ch 26:14 (c. לְ; so read Kit Hpt cf. 𝔊𝔙 Be Öt), ψ 22:19 (c. עַל), Est 9:24 (c. inf.); abs. Jon 1:7(×2) 1 Ch 24:31; 25:8; 26:13; Est 3:7; + בְּתוֹכֵנוּ Pr 1:14 (i.e. share with us); om. גּוֹרָל 1 S 14:42 (c. בֵּין), Jb 6:27 (c. עַל); hence הִפּ׳ = assign, apportion, by lot, usually c. לְ pers., Jos 13:6; 23:4 (both D), Ez 45:1; 47:22 a + v 22 b (read יַּפִּילוּ 𝔙 𝔗 Hi-Sm Co Berthol), 48:29 (read בְנַחֲלָה for מנ׳, 𝔊 𝔙 Hi-Sm, etc.), ψ 78:55 (cf. Qal 1 end; and בְּ I 7 c). 4. Fig., let drop, cause to fail (cf. Qal 5), Ju 2:19; Est 6:10, + אַ֫רְצָה 1 S 3:19. 5. Cause deep sleep to fall (עַל־) Gn 2:21 (J), Pr 19:15 (abs.), make countenance fall, look displeased at (ב), Je 3:12, cf. Jb 29:24 (obj. אוֹר פָּנַי); cause terror, etc., to fall (עַל־) Je 15:8. 6. Other idioms are: bring to life (proposes drop young) Is 26:19 (fig.); present supplication Je 38:26; 42:9; Dn 9:18, 20 (all c. לִפְנֵי);—on both cf. Qal 6. Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself, 1. Inf. cstr. הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (על) Gn 43:18 (J; i.e. attack). 2. Pf. 1 s. הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי Dt 9:25; Impf. 1 s. וָאֶתְנַפַּל Dt 9:18, 25; Pt. מִתְנַפֵּל Ezr 10:1;—prostrate oneself and lie prostrate, לִפְנֵי י׳.—Piʿlēl. וְנִפְלַּל Ez 28:23, read וְנָפַל Hi-Sm Co Berthol.

יָרַד380 vb. come or go down, descend (NH id.; MI32 וארד and רד; Assyrian arâdu, DlHWB 240; Arabic وَرَدَ come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic ወረደ descend; Sab. ורד and הורד id., DHM in MV)— Qal306 Pf. יָרַד Ex 19:18 +; יְרַד Ju 5:13(×2) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Impf. יֵרֵד Gn 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Gn 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2 S 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. (אֵשׁ) תֵּ֫רֶד 2 K 1:10, 12; תּרַד Je 13:17 La 3:48; תֵּרֵ֔ד Is 34:5; 63:14; תֵּרֵ֑ד Ez 26:11 (יוֹרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Gn 24:16 + 7 times; 2 ms. תֵּרֵד Gn 26:2 + 5 times + 1 S 20:19, where read תִּפָּקֵד We Dr, cf. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 1 s. אֵרֵד Gn 37:35 + 3 times; וָאֵרֵד Ex 3:8 + 3 times; cohort. אֵרְדָה־נָא Gn 18:21; יֵרְדוּ 1 S 13:12 + 4 times; וַיֵּרְדוּ Gn 42:3 + 19 times; 3 f. pl. תֵּרַדְנָה Je 14:17 + 2 times; 1 pl. נֵרֵד Gn 43:5; cohort. נֵרְדָה Gn 11:7 + 2 times; וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2 K 10:13; Imv. רֵד Ex 19:21 +; רְדָה Gn 45:9 Ez 32:19; רֵ֑דָה 2 K 1:9, 11; fs. רְדִי Je 48:18 Is 47:1; mpl. רְדוּ Gn 42:2 + 5 times; Inf. abs. יָרֹד Gn 43:20; cstr. רֶ֫דֶת Gn 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה Gn 46:3 (v. Köi. 402); sf. רִדְתִּי ψ 30:10, etc. (in ψ 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֹרְדֵי, so 𝔊 𝔖 Che Bae, v. Ol§§ 160 b, 245 d); Pt. יוֹרֵד Ju 9:36 +; fs. יֹרְדָה La 1:16; (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת Ec 3:21 1 S 25:30, etc.;— 1. a. come or go down: from (מִן) a mountain Ex 19:14; 32:1, 15 (all E), 34:29(×2) (JE), Dt 9:15; 10:5 Nu 20:28 (P) +; abs. Ex 19:21, 24 (J), v 25 (J; c. אֶל pers.); from the air, of birds, sq. עַל Gn 15:11 (JE). b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, abs. Ju 5:14; sq. לָעֵמֶק Ju 1:34; sq. לַשְּׁעָרִים Ju 5:11; sq. אֶל v 10, 11, cf. 1 S 17:8 (sq. אֶל pers.); sq. לִקְרַאת Ju 7:24; sq. אַחֲרֵי pers. 1 S 14:36; sq. ב loc. Ju 7:9; בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְפָּה 1 S 26:10, cf. 29:4; 30:24; of single combat, וַיֵּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2 S 23:21 = 1 Ch 11:23. c. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor, Ru 3:3, 5; (from David’s palace) to Uriah’s house (אֶל) 2 S 11:9, 10(×2), 13; from temple to (acc.) king’s house Je 36:12 (+ עַל־לִשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּית־מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָח 22:1, etc. d. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt Gn 42:3 (E), v 38 (J) + 6 times JE; †sq. אֵלַי Gn 45:9 (E); sq. מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gn 46:3, 4 (E), 12:10; 26:2 (both J), Nu 20:15 (JE); sq. מִצְרַיִם Jos 24:4 (E), Gn 43:15 (J), Is 30:2; 31:1; 52:4; sq. שָׁ֫מָּה Gn 42:2 (E)†; so to Philistine cities Ju 14:19; 16:31 1 S 13:20 Am 6:2. e. from Jerusalem, abs. Ju 1:9 1 K 1:25 Ne 6:3 2 Ch 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2 K 8:21 = 9:26 = 2 Ch 22:6; to Samaria 1 K 22:2 = 2 Ch 18:2; (to Gihon) 1 Ki 1:38, etc. †f. from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֹת הַחַטָּאת Lv 9:22 (P); from chariot, c. מֵעַל Ju 4:15; from ass, c. מֵעַל 1 S 25:23; from throne, c. מֵעַל Ez 26:16, abs. Is 47:1, cf. רְדִי מִכָּבוֹד Je 48:18; from ships, c. מִן Ez 27:29; from bed, c. מִן 2 K 1:4, 6, 16 (all opp. עלה). †g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה Gn 24:16, 45 (J); sq. לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Ex 2:5 (E), cf. (abs.) 2 K 5:14; sq. acc. הַסֶּלַע 1 S 23:25; יוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם Is 42:10; יוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֹת ψ 107:23; abs. (into pit or well) 2 S 23:30 = 1 Ch 11:22, sq. שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2 S 17:18.—וְיָרַדְתִּי Ju 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי (√ רוד, wander about), RS in Bla. †h. = sink, in water יָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֹלוֹת כְּמוֹ־אָ֑בֶן Ex 15:5 (song in E); לְקִצְבֵי הָרִים יָרַדְתִּי Jon 2:7; more gen., opp. rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֹת ψ 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֹמוֹת 107:26. i. go down to Sheʾôl: †sq. שְׁא֫וֹלָה Gn 37:35 (J; + אֶל־בְּנִי), Nu 16:30, 33 (JE), Ez 31:15, 17; sq. שְׁאוֹל Ez 32:27 ψ 55:16 Jb 7:6 (opp. עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Jb 17:16; abs. Is 5:14 Ez 32:19 (‖ הָשְׁכְּבָה), v 21, 30, ψ 49:15 (sq. אַחֲרָיו); יָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ez 32:24; sq. שַׁחַת Jb 33:24, אֶל־שַׁחַת ψ 30:10; sq. בּוֹר ψ 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי); יוֹרְדֵי אֶל־אַבְנֵי־בוֹר Is 14:19†; יוֹרְדֵי בוֹר ψ 28:1 Ez 26:20(×2) (‖ אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת) + 11 times (v. בּוֹר); †יוֹרְדֵי עָפָר ψ 22:30; יוֹרְדֵי דוּמָה 115:17 (‖ הַמֵּתִים); רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Pr 5:5, cf. 7:27 (‖ דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); note also מִי יוֹדֵעַ … רוּחַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיֹּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמַטָּה לָאָרֶץ Ec 3:21 (opp. הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָ֑עְלָה; read חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss, see VB). j. fig. יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Is 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears (‖ יְיֵלֵיל; cf. 3 c). †k. = be prostrated, abs., of horses and riders Hg 2:22, cf. Is 34:7, perhaps also Je 48:15; 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח); forest Is 32:19 Zc 11:2; city Dt 20:20 La 1:9; wall Dt 28:52; nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Dt 28:43 (opp. עלה); מַצֵּבוֹה Ez 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ (where Co ויחרדו). †2. of divine manifestations: descend, of י׳ in theoph. [= על ההר]יָרַד עָלָיו י׳ בָּאֵשׁ Ex 19:11, 18 (E), v 20 (J; אֶל־רֹאשׁ הָהָר), cf. Ne 9:13; יֵרֵד י׳ צְבָאוֹת לִצְבֹּא עַל־הַר־צִיּוֹן Is 31:4; abs. Gn 11:5, 7; 18:21 Ex 3:8 (all J), Nu 11:17 (JE), 2 S 22:10 = ψ 18:10 (cf. 144:5), Mi 1:3 Is 63:19; 64:2; וַיֵּרֶד י׳ בֶּעָנָן Ex 34:5 Nu 11:25, cf. 12:5 (all JE); of pillar of cloud Ex 33:9 (JE); מִ׳ עָלָה־שָׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֡ד Pr 30:4; of angels on סֻלָּם; עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֹ Gn 28:12 (E). 3. of inanimate things: a. hail c. עַל pers. Ex 9:19 (J); dew c. עַל loc. Nu 11:9 (JE), ψ 133:3; rain (as אָבָק and עָפָר), sq. מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על pers. Dt 28:24, so in sim. of future king יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַל־גֵּז ψ 72:6; of גֶּשֶׁם and שֶׁלֶג, c. מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם Is 55:10; manna (c. עַל loc.) Nu 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן) heaven 2 K 1:10(×2), 12(×2), 14 2 Ch 7:1, abs. 2 Ch 7:3. b. waters, flowing down הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִן־הָהָר Dt 9:21, cf. Jos 3:13 (sq. מִלְמָ֑עְלָה), v 16; sq. עַל־יַם הָעֲרָבָה v 16; עַל־הָעֲרָבָה Ez 47:8; sq. מִן 47:1. c. tears, פַּלְגֵי־מַיִם יָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י ψ 119:36, and so La 3:48; also עֵינִי יֹרְדָה מַיִם La 1:16, and so Je 9:17; 13:17; 14:17 (cf. also Is 15:3, 1 j). d. of oil descending upon (על) beard, etc. ψ 133:2(×2). e. of shadow on dial 2 K 20:11 = Is 38:8(×2). f. of boundary going down (from or to a place) Jos 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Nu 34:11(×2), 12 Jos 15:10; 16:7; 17:9; 18:13, 16. g. come down, abs. of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Je 13:18. h. pride of power Ez 30:6. i. of calamity מֵאֵת י׳ Mi 1:12; עַל־קָדְקְדוֹ הֲמָסוֹ יֵרֵד ψ 7:17; of sword descending on (על) Edom Is 34:5. j. fig. of words of talebearer; יָֽרְדוּ חַדְרֵי־בָּ֑טֶן Pr 18:8 = 26:22.—Vid. also supr. 1 k. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הוֹרִד 2 K 16:17; וְהוֹרִיד consec. Am 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד); 2 ms. וְהוֹרַדְתָּ֫ 1 K 2:9; 2 fs. sf. הוֹרַדְתֵּנִי Jos 2:18 (v. Baern. and Köi 412); הוֹרִידוּ 1 S 6:15 La 2:10 etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוֹרֶד Ju 7:5 + 5 times (+ 1 K 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד for וַיָּרֶד, v. רדד); sf. יוֹרִידֵנִי Ob 3; יוֹרִדֵהוּ 1 S 30:16 1 K 17:23; וַיֹּרִדֵם 1 K 18:40; 2 ms. וְלֹא תּוֹרֵד 1 K 2:6; sf. (הֲ)תוֹרִדֵנִי 1 S 30:15, תּוֹרִדֵם ψ 55:24 etc.; Imv. ms. הוֹרֵד Ex 33:5 + 2 times; sf. הוֹרִדֵהוּ Ez 32:18; הוֹרִידֵמוֹ ψ 59:12; fs. הוֹרִידִי La 2:18; mpl. הוֹרִידוּ Gn 43:7, 11; sf. הוֹרִדֻהוּ Gn 44:21; Inf. cstr. לְהוֹרִיד Gn 37:25; sf. הוֹרִדִי Ez 31:16; Pt. מוֹרִיד 1 S 2:6; מֹרִיד 2 S 22:48;—cause to come or go down: 1. a. bring down (to Egypt), c. acc. pers. + שָׁ֫מָּה Gn 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי 44:21; abs. 43:7; c. acc. rei 43:11; + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה 37:25; abs. 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Dt 1:25 (sq. אֵלֵינוּ); to (אֶל) Amalekites 1 S 30:15(×2); abs. v 16; bring down (obj. pers. vel rei) אֶל־הַמַּיִם Ju 7:4, 5; אֶל־נַ֫חַל Dt 21:4 1 K 18:40; יָ֫מָּה 1 K 5:23; to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה) Ju 16:21; from Jerusalem to Gihon, c. עַל (Qr אֶל) 1 K 1:33; to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל) Jo 4:2; from (מִן) temple (to king’s house) 2 K 11:19 = 2 Ch 23:20; from (מֵעַל) altar 1 K 1:53; from (מִן) upper chamber, sq. הַבַּ֫יְתָה 1 K 17:23; from (מִן) the heavens Am 9:2; Edom, from (מִן) nest in rocks Je 49:16 Ob 4; cf. of Isr. כְּעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם Ho 7:12; c. acc. of limit (אֶרֶץ) Ob 3; bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ) ships Is 43:14 (v. VB). b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם) Ez 34:26, cf. Jo 2:23; = cause to flow down, obj. spittle, וַיּוֹרֶד רִירוֹ אֶל־זְקָנוֹ 1 S 21:14; tears הוֹרִידִי כַנַּחל דִּמְעָה La 2:18; water-streams וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֹת מָ֑יִם ψ 78:16. c. = lay prostrate, prostrate הוֹרִיד מִמֵּךְ עֻזֵּךְ Am 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד) cf. Pr 21:22; וְאוֹרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֹשְׁבִים Is 10:13; of God’s casting down peoples ψ 56:8 Is 63:6 (sq. לָאָרֶץ); מוֹרִיד עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּנוּ 2 S 22:48 (וַיַּדְבֵּר in ‖ ψ 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֹחַ Je 51:40; so ψ 59:12 (si vera l.; 𝔖 וַהֲנִידֵמוֹ make them vagabonds, v. LagProph. Chald. (1872), xlviii. VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr2 S 15:20). d. bring down to Sheʾôl י׳ מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֹרִיד שְׁאוֹל וַיָּ֑עַל׃ 1 S 2:6; sq. שְׁא(וֹ)ל also 1 K 2:6, 9; sq. שְׁא֫וֹלָה (obj. grey hair) Gn 42:38; 44:29, 31 (all J); cf. Ez 26:20; 31:16; 32:18; sq. לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת ψ 55:24; לַשַּׁחַת Ez 28:8. 2. take down (from cart) 1 S 6:15; the sea from upon (מֵעַל) the brazen oxen 2 K 16:17; corpse from (מִן) tree Jos 8:29, and (מֵעַל) 10:27 (both JE); the מִשְׁכָּן Nu 1:51 (P); the פָּרֹכֶת Nu 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ Ex 33:5 (JE). 3. let down וַתֹּ֫רֶד כַּדָּהּ עַל־יָדָהּ Gn 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ v 46, to give one a drink; וַיּוֹרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶת־אַמְתַּחְתּוֹ אָ֑רְצָה Gn 44:11 (all J); obj. pers. Jos 2:18, בַּחֶבֶל בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן v 15 (both JE); בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן 1 S 19:12; cf. also הוֹרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ רֹאשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלַםִ La 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground. †Hoph. Pf. הוּרַד Gn 39:1 + 2 times + 1 S 30:24 Kt (Qr Qal Pt.); וְהוּרַד consec. Zc 10:11; 2 ms. וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ez 31:18; Impf. 2 ms. תּוּרַד Is 14:15;— 1. be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gn 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 30:24 Kt (v. supr.); to She’ôl הוּרַד שְׁאוֹל גְּאוֹנֶךָ Is 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶל־שְׁאוֹל תּוּרַד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בוֹר v 15; וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ אֶל־אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית Ez 31:18; וְהוּרַד גְּאוֹן אַשּׁוּר Zc 10:11.—In Am 3:11 We reads וְהוּרַד ממך (v. Hiph. supr.) 2. be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן Nu 10:7 (P).

[שָׁחָה172] vb. bow down (NH id.; J Aram. שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);— Qal Imv. fs. שְׁחִי Is 51:23 bow down. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Pr 12:25, fig., anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opp. שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpaʿlēl170 (Ges§ 75 kk) Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ez 46:2; 2 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Dt 4:19 + 3 times; 1 s. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי 1 S 16:4 + 2 times; 3 mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Je 8:2, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 S 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Is 44:17 +; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Gn 49:8 +; 2 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Gn 33:6; 37:7, etc.; Imv. fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי ψ 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ 29:2 +; Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Gn 37:10 +; sf. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ 2 K 5:18 (but 𝔊 𝔙 and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); Pt. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה 2 K 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Ez 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;— 1. bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.: a. c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.v.), 1 S 24:9; Gn 43:28 (J) 2 S 14:4, 22; Ru 2:10; 1 K 1:31; 2 K 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Est 3:2(×2), 5. b. c. ל, sq. phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה 2 S 14:33 1 K 1:23; לאפים Gn 48:12 (E) 2 S 18:28; אפים Gn 42:6 (E) + 4 times; om. אפים 33:3 (J) + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Is 60:14. c. c. לְ pers. only, Gn 23:7 (P) 27:29(×2); 37:9 (E), 49:8 Ex 11:8 (J) + 8 times; c. לפני Gn 23:12 (P); c. אל Is 45:14 (‖ התפלּל); abs. Gn 33:6, 7(×2) (J), Ex 18:7 (E) 2 S 9:8; 16:4; Is 49:7. 2. before God, in worship, etc.: a. c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Ex 34:8 (J); ארצה om. Gn 24:26, 48 (J) + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה 2 Ch 7:3; כרע 29:29; נפל ארצה Jb 1:20; נפל לפני 2 Ch 20:18. b. sq. phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Ne 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Gn 24:52 (J); השׁ׳ ונכרעה ψ 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ 29:2; 96:9 = 1 Ch 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) ψ 5:8; 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים 99:5; 132:7. c. c. לְ only: 1 S 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ 𝔊L and mod.), 15:25; Je 7:2 ψ 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Dt 26:10; Is 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ loc. Is 27:13; c. לְ loc. ψ 99:9; abs. Gn 22:5 (E) Ju 7:15 + 5 times; acc. loc. Ex 33:10 (E) Je 26:2 Ez 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Is 36:7 = 2 K 18:22 = 2 Ch 32:12; c. על loc. Gn 47:31 (J) 1 K 1:47 Ez 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Ex 24:1 (E). d. before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Jos 5:14; Nu 22:31; sq. אפים ארצה Gn 19:1; ארצה 18:2 (all J). 3. before other gods: abs. Is 2:20; 44:15, 17; 46:6; acc. loc. 2 K 5:18(×3); 19:37 = Is 37:38; c. לְ, Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9 (10 words), Ex 23:24 (E), Nu 25:2 (J), Jos 23:7 (D), Dt 8:19; 11:16; 1 K 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Lv 26:1 (H); לפני 2 Ch 25:14 (‖ קטּר).

καταβαίνω, Doric dialect κᾰβαίνω Refs 7th c.BC+: future -βήσομαιRefs 8th c.BC+perfect -βέβηκ; Boeotian dialect participle καταβεβάων Refs: aorist κατέβην Refs 8th c.BC+; poetry 3rd.pers. plural κατέβαν LXX+8th c.BC+, Laconian dialect κάβασι Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect 1st pers. plural subjunctive καταβήομεν (variant{-βείομεν}) Refs 8th c.BC+; late 3rd.pers. singular optative κατάβοι LXX+1st c.BC+; poetry participle καββάς Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive καταβήμεναι Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, Epic dialect aorist 1 κατεβήσετο Refs 8th c.BC+; imperative καταβήσεο Refs 8th c.BC+:—go or come down from.., with genitive, πόλιος κ. Refs; οὐρανόθεν κRefs 5th c.BC+: also with Preps., ἐξ ὄρεος Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. Ἀΐδαν, Ἀΐδα δόμον, Refs 8th c.BC+ (later absolutely, die, Refs 4th c.AD+; ἔσω κ. Refs 8th c.BC+ she came down from the upper floor, Refs 8th c.BC+; κλίμακα κατεβήσετο came down the ladder,Refs 5th c.BC+; ξεστὸν ἐφόλκαιον καταβάς having got down by the lading-plank, Refs 8th c.BC+ come downstairs, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially __1 dismount from a chariot or from horseback, δίφρου Refs 8th c.BC+; but κ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων give up riding, Refs 4th c.BC+ —hence in passive, ἵππος καταβαίνεται the horse is dismounted from, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 go down from the inland parts to the sea, especially from central Asia Refs 5th c.BC+; also from Athens, κ. ἐς Πειραιᾶ, ἐς λιμένα, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 go down into the scene of contest, γυμνὸν ἐπὶ στάδιον κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸ τοῦτο (i.e. τὸ ἀεθλεύειν) Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, = Latin in certamen descendere, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare καταβατέο; μέτρῳ καταβαίνειν 'seek no more contests' (μέτρῳ by litotes for μή), Refs 5th c.BC+; μεθ᾽ ὅπλων κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 of an orator, come down from the tribune, Refs 5th c.BC+; later, also κ. ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου, ἀπὸ τῶν ἰαμβείων, to cease from.., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 less frequently of things, πρὶν.. καταβήμεναι ἐκ Διὸς οὖρον Refs 8th c.BC+; of tears, Refs 5th c.BC+; of streams, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the womb, Refs 4th c.BC+; πόσσω κατέβα τοι ἀφ᾽ ἱστ; at what price did [the robe] come down from the loom? Refs 3rd c.BC+; of the heavenly bodies, set, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II metaphorically, __II.1 attain, πόμπιμον κατέβαινε νόστου τέλος Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, attain one's end, ἐν φάει κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; simply, come to, arrive at in course of speaking, κατέβαινε ἐς λιτάς he ended with prayer, Refs 5th c.BC+participle, κατέβαινε αὖτις παραιτεόμενοςRefs; καταβάς, of a writer, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.2 κ. εἰς.. conform to, εἰς τοὺς Χρόνους κ. τούτους Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 condescend, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 fall in value, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.5 λέγεται μηδὲν αὐτοῖς τούτων καταβαίνειν, of abusive language, does not affect them or get home, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† יָצַק vb. pour, cast, flow (Talm. id.)— Qal Pf. יָצַק Lv 8:15 + 2 times; וְיָצַק consec. 2:1; 14:15; וַיִּצֹק Lv 8:12 sf. יְצָקָם 1 K 7:46 2 Ch 4:17, etc.; Impf. יִצֹּק Lv 14:26 Nu 5:15; וַיִּצֹּק Gn 28:18 + 8 times; וַיִּ֫צֶק 1 K 22:35 (intrans.); 3 fs. וַתִּצֹּק 2 S 13:9; אֶצֹּק Is 44:3; אֶצָּק־ v 3; וַיִּֽצְקוּ 2 K 4:40; Imv. יְצֹק Ez 24:3; צַק 2 K 4:41; יִצְקוּ 1 K 18:34; Inf. צֶ֫קֶת Ex 38:27 Jb 38:38; Pt. pass. Jb 28:2 + 5 times; pl. יְצוּקִים 2 Ch 4:3; יְצֻקִים 1 K 7:24; יְצֻקוֹת v 30;— 1. pour, pour out, oil, in anointing, sq. acc. (שׁמן) + על Gn 28:18 (E), 35:14 (J); sq. מִשֶּׁמֶן + על Lv 8:12 (P); sq. על (שׁמן implied from context) Ex 29:7 (P), 1 S 10:1 2 K 9:3; sq. שֶׁמֶן + אֶל־ v 6; fig., c. רוּחִי + על Is 44:3; oil in sacrifice, + על Lv 2:1, 6 Nu 5:15; in cleansing, + על Lv 14:15, 26 (upon his palm; all P); oil into (על) vessels 2 K 4:4; water, for washing, + על 3:11; for drenching, + על 1 K 18:34; for boiling (into (בְ) the caldron), symbol., Ez 24:3; for satisfying thirst (fig.) + על Is 44:3; blood (of sacrifice) + אֶל־יְסוֹד Lv 8:15; 9:9 (P); pottage, for eating, 2 K 4:40, 41; cakes (לְבִבוֹת) 2 S 13:9; fig. of disease יָצוּק בּוֹ ψ 41:9 infused into him (al. less prob. as 3 molten, i. e. fixed upon). 2. cast (objects of metal) Ex 25:12; 26:37; 36:36; 37:3, 13; 38:5, 27 (all P), 1 K 7:46 = 2 Ch 4:17, 1 K 7:24, 30; 2 Ch 4:3. 3. Pt. pass. as adj. fig. cast, hard, of crocodile’s scales Jb 41:15; of crocodile’s heart v 16(×2) (as stone). 4. intrans. flow, pour, only וַיִּצֶ֫ק 1 K 22:35 (of blood), Jb 38:38 בְּצֶקֶת עָפָר לַמּוּצָק. Hiph. Impf. וַיַּצִּ֫קוּ 2 S 15:24; וַיַּצִּקֻם Jos 7:23; Pt. f. מֹי‌֯צָ֑קֶת 2 K 4:5;—pour (oil) 2 K 4:5, fig. of shekels of silver, etc., pour out Jos 7:23; of the ark, 2 S 15:24 set down (?); but read וַיַּצִּיגוּ (Dr Gr). Hoph. Pf. הוּצַק ψ 45:3; Impf. יוּצַק Lv 21:10 Jb 22:16; Pt. מוּצָ֑ק 1 K 7:23, 33 2 Ch 4:2 Jb 37:18; מֻצָק 11:15; cstr. מֻצַּק 1 K 7:16;— 1. be poured, subj. שֶׁמֶן, sq. על (in anointing), Lv 21:10 (H); fig. of foundation of wicked Jb 22:16, v. Di; of grace חֵן, on lips, ψ 45:3 (sq. ב), v. Che. 2. Pt. = cast, molten הים המ׳ 1 K 7:23 = 2 Ch 4:2, ראי Jb 37:18; as pred. 1 K 7:33; cstr. as subst. מֻֽצַּק נְחֹשֶׁת 1 K 7:16. 3. Pt., fig. firmly established, pred. of pers., וְהָיִיתָ מ׳ Jb 11:15 and thou shalt be established (‖ לֹא תִירָא). Cf. צוּק²" dir="rtl" >II צוק (p. 848).

† I. פָּרַץ † I. פָּרַץ vb. break through (NH id.; J.Aram. פְּרַץ id.; perhaps Assyrian parâṣu (v. DlHWB); Arabic فَرَصَ cut, slit, also hit);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. פָּרַץ 2 S 5:20 +; 2 ms. sf. פְּרַצְתָּנוּ ψ 60:3, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְרֹץ Ex 1:12; 19:22, יִפְרָץ־ v 24, וַיִּפְרֹץ Gn 30:30 +, etc.; Inf. abs. פָּרֹץ Is 5:5; cstr. פְּרֹץ 2 Ch 31:5, פְּרוֹץ Ec 3:3; Pt. act. פֹּרֵץ Mi 2:13; Ec 10:8; pass. fs. פְּרוּצָה 2 Ch 32:5; Pr 25:28; mpl. פְּרֻצִים Ne 4:1, + הֵם פְּרוּצִים 2:13 Qr (> Kt המפרוצים);—break through: 1. break or burst out, from womb Gn 38:29 (J; c. acc. cogn.); from enclosure Mi 2:13. 2. break through, down (from without), c. acc. גָּדֵר Is 5:5 ψ 80:13; 89:41; Ec 10:8; חוֹמָה Ne 3:35; 2 Ch 26:6, cf. pt. pass. Ne 2:13; 2 Ch 32:5; c. בְּחוֹמָה = make a breach in 2 K 14:13 = 2 Ch 25:23; עִיר פְּרוּצָה Pr 25:28; abs., opp. בָּנָה Ec 3:3; הַפֹּרֵץ Mi 2:13; הַפְּרוּצִים Ne 4:1 the part broken down. 3. break into, c. acc. בֵּית י׳ 2 Ch 24:7. 4. break open, a mining shaft Jb 28:4. 5. break up, break in pieces, c. acc. מַעֲשֶׂיךָ 2 Ch 20:37 (‖ וַיִּשָּֽׁבְרוּ אֳנִיּוֹת). 6. break out (violently) upon, of י׳ in sudden judgment, c. acc. pers. 2 S 5:20 = 1 Ch 14:11, ψ 60:3; c. ב pers. Ex 19:22, 24 (J), 1 Ch 15:13, so of plague ψ 106:29; of י׳, c. acc. cogn. פֶּרֶץ + ב pers. 2 S 6:8 = 1 Ch 13:11; c. acc. cogn. + sf. Jb 16:14. 7. use violence, abs. Ho 4:2. 8. break over [limits], increase, וַיִּפְרֹץ לָרֹב Gn 30:30 (J), 1 Ch 4:38; + ה loc. Gn 28:14 (J); abs. 30:43 (J), Ex 1:12 (J; + רָבָה), Ho 4:10 Is 54:3, פָּרַץ בָּאָרֶץ Jb 1:10. 9. burst open, intrans., of wine-vats Pr 3:10 (c. acc. mat. תִּירוֹשׁ). 10. spread, i.e. become known, of הַדָּבָר 2 Ch 31:5.—1 Ch 13:2 is prob. corrupt, v. Kau, who (after SS) conj. נֶחֱרָצָה; פ׳ in 2 Ch 11:23 is appar. distribute (c. מִן partit.), but dubious.—1 S 28:23; 2 S 13:25; 27; 2 K 5:23 v. פָּצַר" dir="rtl" >פצר. Niph. Pt. אֵין חָזוֹן נִפְרָ֑ץ 1 S 3:1 no vision spread abroad (i.e. general, or frequent, cf. Qal 10; ‖ דְּבַר י׳ הָיָה יָקָר), but text dubious. Pu. Pt. f. מְפרָ֑צֶת Ne 1:3 broken down. Hithp. Pt. pl. הַמִּתְפָּֽרְצִים 1 S 25:10 slaves who break away, each from (מִפְּנֵי) his master.

† הָרַס vb. throw down, break or tear down (MI הרס;? Arabic هَرَسَ, bruise, bray, pound, crush (grain))— Qal Pf. הָ׳ La 2:2, 17; הָרָ֑ס Is 14:17; וְהָרַסְתָּ֫ Ju 6:25 וְהָרַסְתִּ֫י Ez 13:14 Mi 5:10; וְהָֽרְסוּ Ez 16:39; 26:4, 12 הָרָ֑סוּ 1 K 19:10, 14; Impf. יַהֲרוֹס Jb 12:14; sf. יֶהֶרְסֶ֑ךָ Is 22:19; וַיֶּהֶרְסֶ֑הָ 1 Ch 20:1; יֶהֶרְסֶנָּה Pr 29:4 יֶהֶרְסֵם ψ 28:5; 3 fs. sf. 3 ms. תֶּהֶרְסֶנּוּ Pr 14:1; 2 ms. תַּהֲרֹס Ex 15:7; אֶהֱרֹם Je 24:6; 42:10 אֶהֱרוֹס Mal 1:4; 3 mpl. יֶהֶרְסוּ Ex 19:21, 24; יַהֲרֹ֑סוּ 2 K 3:25; Imv. הֲרָס־ ψ 58:7; sf. הָרְסָהּ 2 S 11:25; Inf. הֲרֹס Je 31:28, הֲרוֹס Je 1:10; Pt. act. הֹרֵס Je 45:4; pass. הָרוּס 1 K 18:30;— 1. throw down, tear down, c. acc.: altar(s) Ju 6:25 1 K 18:30; 19:10, 14; height (גַּב, where idol-altar stood? cf. גַּב sub גבב) Ez 16:39; city (cities) Is 14:17 2 S 11:25 2 K 3:25 1 Ch 20:1 (cf. MI27) Mal 1:4 (obj. not expr.); wall(s) Ez 13:14; 26:12; house Pr 14:1 (fig. of foolish woman’s action); strongholds (מִבְצָרִים) La 2:2 Mi 5:10; tower(s) Ez 26:4; fig. overthrow (i.e. ruin) land Pr 29:4 (opp. יַעֲמִיד); obj. men Ex 15:7 (poem in E) Is 22:19 (cast down Shebna from office); fig., opp. building up, of Yahweh’s dealings with men ψ 28:5, cf. (without obj.) Je 24:6; 42:10; obj. indef. אשׁר בָּנִיתִי אֲנִי הֹרֵס Je 45:4; abs. Je 1:10; 31:28 La 2:17 Jb 12:14. 2. break down, break away ה׳ שִׁנֵּימוֹ בְּפִימוֹ ψ 58:7 break away their teeth in their mouth! fig., addressed to God. 3. break through, intr., sq. אֶל־י׳ Ex 19:21; sq. לַעֲלֹת אֶל־י׳ v 24 (both J). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נֶהֱרָ֑סָה Pr 24:31; 3 pl. נֶהֶרְסוּ Je 50:15 Jo 1:17; וְנֶהֶרְסוּ consec. Ez 30:4; 38:20; Impf. יֵהָרֵס Je 31:40; 3 fs. תֵּהָרֵס Pr 11:11; יֵהָרֵס֑וּן ψ 11:3; Pt. הַנֶּהֱרָסוֹת Ez 36:35, 36;—be thrown or torn down; stones of wall Pr 24:31; wall of city Je 50:15; cities Ez 36:35 cf. v 36; fig. ruined Pr 11:11 (opp. תָּרוּם); foundations, יְסוֹדֹת Ez 30:4; שָׁתוֹת ψ 11:3; mountains Ez 38:20; storehouses מַמְּגֻרוֹת Jo 1:17 [v. מ׳]; valley E. of Jerus. לֹא־יִנָּתֵשׁ וְלֹא־יֵהָרֵס Je 31:40 it shall not be plucked up nor thrown down, appar. proverb. expression, implying destruction, removal. Pi. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּהָֽרְסֵם Ex 23:24; Inf. abs. הָרֵס Ex 23:24; Pt. pl. sf. מְהָֽרְסַיִךְ Is 49:17;—over-throw, tear down הָרֵס תְּהָֽרְסֵם Ex 23:24 thou shalt utterly tear them down (JE; obj. = idols cf. Di); pt. destroyers, of Zion Is 49:17 (‖ מַחֲרִיבַיִךְ).

† נָתַץ vb. pull down, break down (NH Hoph., and deriv.; cf. perhaps Ethiopic ነሠተ (with transp. and weakening of sibilant), destruere, demoliri, excidere Di 634);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ Ju 6:30 +, 3 pl. נָֽתְצוּ 2 K 25:10; Je 52:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִתֹּץ Ez 26:9 + v 12 (Co, for MT יִתְּצוּ); וַיִּתֹּץ Ju 9:45; 2 K 23:7; sf. יִתְּצֵנִי Jb 19:10, יִתָּצְךָ ψ 52:7; 1 s. אֶתֹּץ Ju 8:9; 3 mpl. וַיִּתְּצוּ 2 K 10:27(×2); 2 mpl. תִּתֹּ֑צוּ Dt 7:5 תִּתֹּצ֑וּן Ex 34:13 Ju 2:2; וַתִּתְֿצוּ Is 22:2, etc.; Imv. נְתֹץ ψ 58:7; Inf. cstr. לִנְתֿוֹץ Je 1:10; 18:7, לִנְתֹֿץ 31:28 (on תֿ v. Ges§ 45 g); Pt. pass. pl. הַנְּתֻצִים Je 33:4;— 1. lit. pull down a structure (acc.): altar Ju 2:2; 6:30, 31, 32; Ex 34:13 (J), Dt 7:5; 2 K 23:12; high place (במה) v 8, בָּמָה + מִזְבֵּחַ v 15; מַצֵּבָה 10:27; בֵּית הַבַּעַל v 27; 11:18 = 2 Ch 23:17, cf. 2 K 23:7; a tower Ju 8:9, 17, cf. Ez 26:9 (בְּחַרְבוֹתָיו); (any) house Is 22:10; Ez 26:12; Lv 14:45, so הַנְּתֻצִים Je 33:4 (strangely + אֶל, cf. Gf Gie); city-wall Je 39:8; 2 K 25:10 = Je 52:14; city Ju 9:45. 2. fig.: a. pull down a nation, break its power, וְלִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנ׳ וּלְהַאֲבִיד (וְלַהֲרוֹם) (obj. not expressed) Je 1:10 (so Ecclus 49:7b), = 18:7. cf. 31:28. b. an individual, subj. God, יִתְּצֵנִי סָבִיב Jb 19:10, יִתָּצְךָ ψ 52:7. c. jawteeth of lions (metaph.) ψ 58:7 (break down, break off, so only here, but v. נָתַע). Niph. be pulled, broken, down: Pf. 3 pl. נִתְּצוּ מִפְּנֵי י׳ Je 4:26 (of cities), so נ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ Na 1:6 (of rocks). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. נִתַּץ 2 Ch 33:3; 3 pl. וְנִתְּצוּ Ez 16:39 (consec.); 2 mpl. וְנִתַּצְתֶּם Dt 12:3; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְנַתֵּץ 2 Ch 34:7; 3 mpl. וַיְנַתְּצוּ 31:1 + 2 times;—tear down (chiefly late): c. acc. altars Dt 12:3, + בָּמוֹת 2 Ch 31:1, + הַחַמָּנִים, etc., 34:4, + אֲשֵׁרִים v 7; בָּמוֹת alone 33:3, רָמֹתַיִךְ Ez 16:39; city wall 2 Ch 36:19. Pu. be torn down: Pf. 3 ms. נֻתַּץ Ju 6:28 (of altar + אֲשֵׁרָה). Hoph. (or Qal pass. Ges§ 53 u) be broken down, broken, only Impf. 3 ms. יֻתָּ֑ץ Lv 11:35 (of תַּנּוּר, v. Dr-WhiteHpt, and כִּירַיִם, v. supr., p. 468 b).

† כָּרַע bow down (NH id.; Aramaic כְּרַע; Arabic كَرَعَ put one’s mouth into water, or water-vessel; i.e. kneel to drink? denom. from foll.?);—Qal Pf. 3 m. כ׳ Gn 49:6 + 6 times; 3 mpl. כָּֽרְעוּ Ju 7:6 + 4 times; Impf. יִכְרַע Ju 7:5 + 3 times; 1 s. וָאֶכְרְעָה Ezr 9:5; 3 mpl. יִכְרְעוּן Jb 31:10; 2 mpl. תִּכְרָ֑עוּ Is 65:12; 1 pl. וְנִכְרָ֑עָה ψ 95:6 + 6 times Impf.; Inf. cstr. כְּרֹעַ 1 K 8:54; Pt. כֹּרֵעַ Est 3:5; pl. כֹּרְעִים Est 3:2; f. כֹּרְעוֹת Jb 4:4.— 1. bow על ברכים to drink Ju 7:5, 6, in supplication to Elijah 2 K 1:13; in the worship of God 1 K 8:54; Ezr 9:5; c. ברכים subj. and ל of God 1 K 19:18; Is 45:23; without ברכים c. לִפְנֵי ψ 22:30; 72:9; ‖ השׁתחוה 2 Ch 7:3; 29:29 ψ 95:6, worship of God, but Est 3:2(×2), 5 in obeisance to Haman. 2. bow down, of the couching lion Gn 49:9; Nu 24:9 (both poetry). 3. preg. c. על, bow down over (in order to lie with) a woman Jb 31:10. 4. bow down, of a woman in childbirth 1 S 4:19, so of animals Jb 39:3; idols, removed by enemies Is 46:1, 2; בִּרְכַּיִם כֹּרְעוֹת Jb 4:4 tottering (feeble) knees; of enemies in death, כרע [ו]נפל bow and fall down Ju 5:27(×3) ψ 20:9, preg. without נפל 2 K 9:24; Is 65:12, c. תַּחַת Is 10:4.— Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִכְרִיעַ ψ 78:31; 2 fs. sf. הִכְרַעְתִּנִי Ju 11:35; Impf. 2 ms. תַּכְרִיעַ 2 S 22:40 = ψ 18:40; Imv. sf. הַכְרִיעֵהוּ ψ 17:13; Inf. abs. הַכְרֵעַ Ju 11:35.— 1. cause to bow in grief Ju 11:35(×2). 2. cause to bow down in death ψ 17:13; 78:31, c. תַּחַת 2 S 22:40 = ψ 18:40.

† I. [רָדָה] vb. have dominion, rule, dominate (NH רָדָה, 𝔗Jon רְדָא, chastise; Arabic رَدَى tread, trample; Syriac ܪܕܳܐ chastise, also (and so Assyrian radû) go, flow);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְרָדוּ Is 14:2; Lv 26:17; 2 mpl. רְדִיתֶם Ez 34:4; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִרְדֶּנּוּ Lv 25:53, וַיִּרְדֶּ֑נָּה La 1:13, juss. וְיֵרְדְּ Nu 24:19 ψ 72:8; 2 ms. תִּרְדֶּה Lv 25:43, 46, etc.; Imv. ms. רְדֵה ψ 110:2; mpl. רְדוּ Gn 1:28; (Jo 4:13 v. ירד); Inf. cstr. רְדוֹת Ez 29:15; Pt. רֹדֶה 1 K 5:4; Is 14:6; sf. רִדֵם ψ 68:28; pl. הָרֹרִים 1 K 5:30 + 2 times;—have dominion, rule, over, usually c. ב pers. vel pop. 1 K 5:4, 30; 9:23 = 2 Ch 8:10; Is 14:2; Lv 25:43, 46, 53; 26:17; Ez 29:15; Ne 9:28 ψ 49:15; ב of fish, etc., Gn 1:26, 28; בְּקֶרֶב ψ 110:2; c. acc. pers. Ez 34:4; Is 14:6 (perhaps + acc. cogn., v. [מִרְדָּה] infr.); acc. om. Nu 24:19 (מִיַּעֲקֹב), Je 5:31 (+ עַל־יְדֵיהֶם, v. יָד 5 h (2); vid. also ingenious conj. sub II. רדה; but יוֹרוּ teach), ψ 72:8; for וַיִּרְדֶּנָּה La 1:13 and it (the fire) prevailed against them (my bones), read perhaps יָרָ֑דָה into my bones it descended (Bu).—רֹדֵם ψ 68:28 is dub.; Grill Hup-Now Che Du קִדֵּם. יְרַד Ju 5:13(×2) v. יָרַד" dir="rtl" >יָרַד. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. וּמְלָכִים יַרְדְּ Is 41:2 and kings he causeth (him) to dominate; but apoc. form strange, read יָרֹד (√ רדד q.v.) Ew Di Du; יַחֲרִד 𝔊 Klo Che.

† [שָׁחַח] vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch (NH id.; TelAm. šaḫâḫu (Wkl TelAm. Vocab.), prostrate oneself, prob. Canaanism; Assyrian šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשַׁח Is 2:11, 17, 1 s. שַׁח֫וֹתִי ψ 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי 35:14, 3 pl. שָֽׁתֲחוּ Jb 9:13, שַׁחוּ Hb 3:6; Pr 14:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָשֹׁחַ ψ 10:10, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Jb 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ ψ 107:39; Inf. cstr. (= abs., as adv., Ges§ 118 q Köii. 2, §§ 221, 402 d cf. also BaNB 164) שְׁחוֹח Is 60:14;— 1. be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳, Is 2:11, 17 (both ‖ שָׁפֵל), Hb 3:6 (of hills), Jb 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳), ψ 107:39 (+ מָעַט); by man 10:10. 2. bow in homage, לִפְנֵי pers. Pr 14:19; וְהָֽלְכוּ אֵלַיִךְ שְׁחוֹחַ Is 60:14 (‖ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ). 3. bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), ψ 35:14; 38:7. 4. crouch, of wild beast in lair Jb 38:40. Niph. Impf. be prostrated, humbled: וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם Is 2:9 (‖ שָׁפֵל) = 5:15 (‖ id.); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ec 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Is 29:4 (‖ שָׁפֵל). Hiph. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; Pf. 3 ms. הֵשַׁח Is 25:12; 26:5 (both ‖ הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōʿ. be cast down, despairing: Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחָ֑ח ψ 42:7, 2 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v 6, 12; 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).

κατέρχομαι, future κατελεύσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist κατήλῠθον or κατῆλθον, infinitive κατελθεῖ; Doric dialect subjunctive κατένθῃ Refs 4th c.AD+participle κατενθών, perfect participle κατηνθηκώς, see at {καθέρπω} Refs: perfect κατελήλυθα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—go down, Οὐλύμποιο κατήλθομεν Refs 8th c.BC+; go down to the grave, κ. Ἄϊδος εἴσω, Ἄϊδόσδε, Refs 5th c.BC+; from high land to the coast, ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν κατελεύσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+; down the Nile, εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 of things, κατερχομένης ὑπὸ πέτρης by the descending rock, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a river, κατέρχεται ὁ Νεῖλος πληθύων comes down in flood, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 κ. εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα, Latin descendere in certamen, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 with accusative, come to a place, ὑμέτερον δῶ Refs 8th c.BC+ __5 of property, pass to, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II come back, return, especially come back from exile, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; φυγὰς κατελθών Refs 5th c.BC+ in passive sense, ὑπ᾽ ὀλιγαρχίας κατελθεῖν to be brought back by.., Refs 5th c.BC+

† [נָחֵת] vb. (Aramaic and poet.) go down, descend (Aramaic נְחֵת, ܢܚܶܬ; Palm. נחת Lzb 323);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יֵחַת Je 21:13; 3 fs. תֵּ֫חַת Pr 17:10, וַתִּנְחַת ψ 38:3; 3 mpl. יֵחַ֑תּוּ Jb 21:13 (forms יֵחַת, יֵחַתּוּ v. also חתת);— 1. go down, descend, to attack Je 21:13; into She’ôl Jb 21:13. 2. fig. descend in chastisement ψ 38:3 (hand of י׳; ‖Niph. v. infr.); sq. בְּ descend into i. e. make impression on, Pr 17:10 (of reproof). Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. נִחֲתוּ sq. בְּ = penetrate ψ 38:3, (of arrows of י׳). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִחַת 2 S 22:35 (v. Ges§ 145, 7); = 3 fs. וְנִחֲתָה ψ 18:35; Inf. abs. נַחֵת ψ 65:11;—cause to descend = press down, according to most, in וְנ׳ קֶשֶׁת נְחוּשָׁה זְרֹעֹתָ֑י 2 S 22:35 = ψ 18:35 so that my arms press down, stretch, a bow of bronze, but dub.; Bu conj. Hiph. יַנְחִת; HPS וַיָּ֫שֶׁת and makes my arms a bow of bronze; of pressing down, smoothing out, furrows of land ψ 65:11. Hiph. Imv. הַנְחַת Jo 4:11 thither bring down thy heroes, י׳! (on form cf. Ges§ 64 R. 3 Köi. 314 f.).

καθαιρ-έω, Ionic dialect κατ-, Aeolic dialect κατάγρημι, which see: future -ήσωRefs 8th c.BC+: future Refs 1st c.AD+aorist 2 καθεῖλον, infinitive καθελεῖν: aorist 1 καθεῖλα LXX: Ionic dialect perfect participle passive καταραιρημένος Refs 5th c.BC+:—take down, καθείλομεν ἱστία Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. ἄχθος take it down, i.e. off one's shoulders, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τῶν ἐκ τῆς στοᾶς ὅπλων some of them, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τινά, from the cross, Refs 2nd c.BC+ —middle, κατελέσθαι τὰ τόξα take down one's bow, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 put down, close the eyes of the dead, ὄσσε καθαιρήσουσι θανόντι περ Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 of sorcerers, bring down from the sky, σελήνην Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 κατά με πέδον γᾶς ἕλοι may earth swallow me! Refs 5th c.BC+ __II put down by force, destroy, ὅτε κέν μιν μοῖρ᾽ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; kill, slay, ταῦρονRefs 7th c.BC+; ἐάν τις ἀποκτείνῃ.. ἐν ὁδῷ καθελών Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, of criminals, to be executed, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 put down, reduce, κ. Κῦρον καὶ τὴν Περσέων δύναμιν Refs 5th c.BC+; καθαιρεθῆναι, opposed to ἀρθῆναι, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially depose, dethrone, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὸ λῃστικὸν ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης remove it utterly from.., Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ὕβριν τινός LXX+5th c.BC+passive, καθῃρημένος τὴν αἴσθησιν bereft of sense, Refs 1st c.AD+; καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος [Ἀρτέμιδος] NT __II.3 raze to the ground, demolish, πόλεις LXX+5th c.BC+; τῶν τειχῶν a part of the walls, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 cancel, rescind, τὸ Μεγαρέων ψήφισμα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 as law-term, condemn, ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψῆφος a verdict of guilty, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἐμὲ πάλος καθαιρεῖ.. λαβεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; simply, decide, ὅ τι ἂν αἱ πλείους ψῆφοι καθαιρῶσι Refs 1st c.BC+; in book-keeping, ἃν καθαιρῶσιν αἱ ψῆφοι whatever the counters (or accounts) prove, probably in Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.6 reduce, τῶν αὐξανομένων καὶ καθαιρουμένων γραμμῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; of mild caustics, τὰ ὑπερσαρκέοντα καθαιρεῖ (probably to be read instead of καθαίρει) Refs 5th c.BC+: Rhet., minimize, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III overpower, seize, κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος ᾕρει Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. τινά overtake, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τινὰ ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ catch in the act of folly, Refs 5th c.BC+ seize by.., Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, κ. ὑπό τινος Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV fetch down as a reward or prize, καθαιρεῖν ἀγῶνας Refs 1st c.AD+: metaphorically, achieve, ἀγώνιον.. εὖχος ἔργῳ καθελών Refs 5th c.BC+future infinitive καθαρεῖν, παστόν, μίτρανRefs:—middle, φόνῳ καθαιρεῖσθ᾽, οὐ λόγῳ, τὰ πράγματα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V less frequently like the simple αἱρεῖν, take and carry off, Refs

χᾰλάω, Refs 4th c.BC+, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural χαλόωσιν Refs 2nd c.AD+; Aeolic dialect 3rd.pers. plural χόλαισι Refs 7th c.BC+future χᾰλάσω [λᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐχάλᾰσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect χάλασσα Refs, plural subjunctive χαλάσσομεν Refs 7th c.BC+; Doric dialect participle χᾰλάξαις Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular future or aorist subjunctive χαλάξει (uncertain meaning) Refs:—middle, Epic dialect aorist χαλάσαντο Refs 3rd c.BC+ —passive, aorist ἐχαλάσθην, subjunctive χᾰλασθῇ Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect κεχάλασμαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: pluperfect ἐκεχάλαστο Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I transitive, slacken, loosen, χ. βιόν, τόξα, unstring the bow, Refs; χ. τὰ νεῦρα, opposed to συντείνειν, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, opposed to ἐπιτείνεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 let down, let fall, πτέρυγα χαλάξαις Pi.[same place]; χαλάσας ὀλίγον τὸ μέτωπον having unbent the brow, Refs 5th c.BC+; μαστοὺς χάλασον, says the Cyclops to his ewe, Refs 5th c.BC+; κράββατον, δίκτυα χ., NT; dip in a liquid, εἰς αἷμα Refs; soak, Refs —middle, ἱστὸν χαλάσαντο lowered it, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __I.3 let loose, release, τινὰ ἐκ δεσμῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; absolutely, let go, slacken one's hold, μηδαμῇ χάλα Refs __I.4 ἡνίας χ. slacken the reins, especially in metaphorically sense, χ. τὰς ἡνίας τοῖς λόγοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.5 κλῇθρα χ. loose the bars or bolts, i.e. undo or open the door, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.6 loosen or undo things drawn tightly together, χ. κρεμαστὴν ἀρτάνην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, τὰ χαλώμενα ὅπλα Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.7 of the bowels, etc., ὑγρὰ χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.8 metaphorically, τὴν ὀργήν χ. let it go, Refs 5th c.BC+; remit, μήτε τῆς προνοίας χαλώσης τὴν.. ὑπεροχήν Refs 5th c.AD+; τὸ ἀεὶ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχειν ἐχάλασαν relaxed the strict principle that.. Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be softened, λίθος εἰς ὑγρότητα κεχαλασμένος Refs 4th c.AD+; also κεχαλάσθαι εἰς τὸ αὐτεξούσιον to have free play, opposed to συντετάχθαι, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II intransitive, become slack or loose, opposed to συντείνω, Refs 7th c.BC+; πύλαι χαλῷσαι open gates, Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically with genitive, have a remission of, χαλάσσομεν τὰς θυμοβόρω λύας Refs 7th c.BC+; relax, φρονήματος χ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with dative person, χ. τινι give way or yield to any one, be indulgent to him, εἰ τοῖσιν.. κτείνουσιν ἀλλήλους χαλᾷς Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, give way, εἴκειν ὁδοῦ χαλῶντα τοῖς κακίοσιν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 absolutely, grow slack or weak, ἐπειδὰν αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι παύσωνται κατατείνουσαι καὶ χαλάσωσι Refs; abate, χαλάσει ὁ παγετός Refs 5th c.BC+

† [נְחֵת] vb. descend (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH (poet., and late));— Pe. Pt. נָחִ֑ת Dn 4:10, 20 (both מִן־שְׁמַיָּא). Haph. deposit, ב loc.: Impf. 2 ms. תַּחֵת (K§ 42, b)) Ezr 6:5 (GuHpt reads 3 mpl.); Imv. ms. אֲחֵת (K§ 15 d)) 5:15 (acc. rei); Pt. pass. pl. מְהַחֲתִין 6:1 (were) deposited. Hoph. (WCG 225) be deposed: Pf. 3 ms. הָנְחַת Dn 5:20 (מִן־כָּרְסֵא).

ἀποβαίνω, future -βήσομαι, with Epic dialect aorist 1 -εβήσετοRefs 8th c.BC+aorist 2 ἀπέβην: perfect ἀποβέβηκα—in these tenses intransitive (present not in Refs 8th c.BC+:— step off from a place, νηὸς ἀ. alight, disembark from a ship, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν, ἀπὸ τῶν πλοίων, Refs 5th c.BC+:absolutely, disembark, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἵππων ἀ. ἐπὶ χθόνα dismount from a chariot, Refs 8th c.BC+ seems to be the art of leaping from horse to horse (compare ἀποβάτης) τῇ συνωρίδι τοῦ ἀποβάντοςRefs having stepped off ground on which none should step, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 go away, depart, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς δώματα, κατὰ δῶμα, Refs 8th c.BC+; of death, ἀπὸ δὲ φθίμενοι βεβᾶσιRefs 5th c.BC+; of hopes, vanish, come to nought, Refs __II of events, issue, result from, τὰ ἔμελλε ἀποβήσεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς μάχηςRefs 5th c.BC+resulted, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἀποβαῖνον, contraction τὠποβαῖνον, the issue, event, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἀποβαίνοντα, τὸ ἀποβάν, the results, Refs 5th c.BC+the probable results, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2 frequently with an adverb or other qualifying phrase, σκοπέειν.. τὴν τελευτὴν κῇ ἀποβήσεται how it will turn out, issue, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. παρὰ δόξαν, ἀ. τοιοῦτον, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 absolutely, turn out well, succeed, ἡ ὑπόσχεσις ἀπέβηRefs 5th c.BC+; of dreams, turn out true, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 of persons, with an adjective, turn out, prove to be so and so, ἀ. οὐ κοινοί prove partial, Refs 5th c.BC+; also of a wound, ἰάσιμον ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4.b with εἰς.., ἀ. εἰς τὰ πολιτικὰ οἱ τοιοῦτοι prove fit for public affairs, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.4.c of conditions, etc., ἀπέβη ἐς μουναρχίην things ended in a monarchy, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.5 of space, μέγεθος μὲν ἦν πρὸς τὸν Ἠριδανὸν ἀποβεβηκῦα reaching, extending to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.6 τῷ ἀποβεβηκότι ποδί with the hind foot, opposed to τῷ προβεβηκότι, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B causal, in aorist 1 ἀπέβησα, cause to dismount, disembark, land (in which sense ἀποβιβάζω serves as present), ἀ. στρατιήνRefs 5th c.BC+ __B.II hence, in passive, τὸ ἀποβαινόμενον σκέλος a leg put out so as not to bear the weight of the body, Refs 5th c.BC+:—active, Refs

καθίημι, Ionic dialect κατ-, future καθήσω Refs 4th c.BC+aorist 1 καθῆκα, Epic dialect καθέηκα Refs 8th c.BC+: 2nd pers. dual aorist 2 κάθετον Refs: perfect καθεῖκα Refs 5th c.BC+:—let fall, drop, send down, κὰδ δὲ [κεραυνὸν].. ἧκε Χαμᾶζε Refs 8th c.BC+; οἶνον λαυκανίης καθέηκα I have sent the wine down my throat, Refs; καθίετε ἵππους ἐν δίνῃσι sink them in the stream, as an offering to the river-god, Refs; [ἱστία] ἐς νῆας κάθεμεν we let them down, lowered them, Refs 8th c.BC+ [same place]; σχοίνῳ σπυρίδα κ. let it down by a cord, Refs 5th c.BC+; σῶμα πύργων κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κοντὸν ἐς [τὴν λίμνην] κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπλα εἰς ἅλἀRefs 5th c.BC+; κ. σπονδάς pour them, Refs; τὸν κλῆρον ἐς μέσον καθείς, of putting lots into a helmet or urn, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατιεμένην καταπειρητηρίην, of a sounding-line, Refs 5th c.BC+ reach by sounding, sound, οὐδεὶς καθεὶς ἐδυνήθη πέρας εὑρεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+ pass a catheter, Refs 2nd c.AD+; οἵαν πρόφασιν καθῆκε (παρὰ προσδοκίαν for οἷον ἄγκιστρον) Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγους συμβατηρίους κ. make offers of peace, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κ. πεῖραν make an attempt, Refs 2nd c.AD+; εἰς ὤμους κ. κόμας let one's hair flow loose, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. πώγωνα let one's beard grow long, Refs 5th c.BC+ (passive, τὰς τρίχας καθειμέναι Refs 5th c.BC+; [αἱ ὄϊες] μείζω τὰ οὔθατα καθιᾶσιν Refs 4th c.BC+ (passive, of a mare's udder, Refs 5th c.BC+; also τείχη καθεῖναι ἐς θάλασσαν carry them down to the sea, Refs 5th c.BC+ (passive, καθεῖτο τείχη Refs; καθῆκε τὰ σκέλη let down his legs, of one who had been lying, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἀμφοῖν ἄμφω (i.e. τὰ σκέλη) καθέντος, of a wrestler, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κ. δόρατα let down one's pike, bring it to the rest, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. τὰς κώπας let down the oars, so as to stop the ship's way, Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely of striking, δι᾽ ὀμφαλοῦ καθῆκεν ἔγχος Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. πρὸς γαῖαν γόνυ to kneel down, Refs; κ. τινὰ ἐς ὕπνον let him fall asleep, Refs 1st c.BC+; [πώλους] ἐς λειμώνων Χλόην Refs 5th c.BC+; of a general, κ. στρατόπεδα εἰς.. let them march into.., Refs 2nd c.BC+; κ. ἐπί τινας τόπους ἐνέδρας lay an ambush, Refs:—passive, stretch down seawards, ὄρεα μέχρι πρὸς τὴν θάλατταν καθειμένα Refs 5th c.BC+ U.; τὸ καθειμένον τῆς φωνῆς low tone of voice, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 send down into the arena, enter for racing, ἅρματα, ζεύγη, Refs 5th c.BC+; of plays, produce, Refs 5th c.BC+; διδασκαλίαν Refs 1st c.AD+; so ἔδοξε τοῖς πρυτάνεσι.. γνώμας καθεῖναι (Comedy texts for προθεῖναι) Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν λογοποιοὺς κ. Refs 4th c.BC+: frequently in later Greek in a general sense, set in motion, employ, Refs 2nd c.AD+; φίλους καὶ ῥήτορας κ. employ them, Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be put in motion, ἡ στρατηλασίη κατίετο ἐς πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 allow to return from exile, φυγάδας Refs 5th c.BC+ __II intransitive, swoop down like a wind, λαμπρὸς καὶ μέγας καθιείς Refs 5th c.BC+; of rivers, run down, ἑκατέρωσε μέχρι τοῦ μέσου Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. εἰς γόνυ sink on the knee, Refs 1st c.AD+; κ. εἰς ἀγῶνα, Latin descendere in arenam, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κ. ἐς Ῥόδον arrive there, variant for{κατῆγεν}, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [רָדַד] vb. beat out, fig. beat down, subdue (NH Pi. stamp or beat down, make flat, spread out; 𝔗 רְדַד beat out; cf. prob. Arabic رَدَّ repel, reject (NöM 75); Assyrian radâdu is pursue (rare));—Qal, fig., beat down: Inf. cstr. לְרַד לְפָנָיו גּוֹיִם Is 45:1; Pt. act. הָרוֹדֵד עַמִּי תַּחְתָּ֑י ψ 144:2;—so also Impf. יָרֹד Is 41:2 acc. Ew al. (for MT יַרְדְּ, v. I. רדה Hiph.).—Ju 19:11 read יָרַד. Hiph. lit. beat out: Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫רֶד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים … אֶת־הַזָּהָב 1 K 6:32 and beat out the gold upon the cherubim (covered them with beaten gold).

† [צָנַח] vb. descend (meaning inferred from context);— Qal Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּצְנַח מֵעַל הַחֲמוֹר Ju 1:14 = Jos 15:18 and she descended (alighted) from the ass; וַתּ׳ בָּאָרֶץ Ju 4:21 and it (the tentpeg) went down into the ground.

κατασκάπτω, perfect -έσκᾰφα Refs 6th c.BC+:—dig down, Refs 3rd c.BC+; but usually, __II destroy utterly, raze to the ground, Refs 5th c.BC+ (Teos, LXX+6th c.BC+, etc.:—passive, Refs (Locrian dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+.

† [גָּלַשׁ] vb. sit, sit up, possibly also recline (cf. Arabic جَلَسَ sit up; so Thes De al. (not Ew))—only Qal Pf. (שֶׁ)גָּֽלְשׁוּ Ct 4:1; 6:5 שֶׁגָּֽלְשׁוּ מ(הר) גִּלְעָד of flocks of goats, in sim. of a woman’s hair; construction & sense rather awkward.

† II. נַ֫חַת n.[m.] descent;—only cstr., of י׳’s arm in judgment Is 30:30.—i. נַחַת v. sub נוח.

† [נָחֵת] adj. descending;—mpl. נְחִתִּים (on form cf. Köii. 81), 2 K 6:9 (to battle); but read prob. with Th Klo Benz after 𝔊 נֶחְבִּים hidden.

† [תָּכָה] vb. meaning wholly dub.;— Pu. Pf. 3 pl. וְהֵם תֻּכּוּ לְרַגְלֶ֑ךָ Dt 33:3; were led or assembled would suit context; v. especially Dr Berthol.