H6821 H6821
contract, shrivel, draw together (of skin clinging to bones)
This verb occurs only in Lamentations' harrowing description of Jerusalem's famine victims. The root conveys the physical contraction of skin becoming tight and dried upon the bones—a visceral image of starvation's effects. Cognate languages associate the root with binding or shackling, suggesting the constraining, constricting nature of this physical deterioration. The Spanish 'pegado' (stuck, adhered) captures how the skin clings unnaturally to the skeleton.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Describes skin shriveling and contracting tightly upon bones due to severe emaciation. In Lamentations 4:8, this verb depicts the horrific physical state of famine victims during Jerusalem's siege, their skin drawn tight and dried against their skeletal frames. 1×
AR["الْتَصَقَ"]·ben["চিমটে-গেছে"]·DE["[צפד]"]·EN["shriveled"]·FR["[צפד]"]·heb["צפד"]·HI["सिकुड़-गई"]·ID["menempel"]·IT["[צפד]"]·jav["nempel"]·KO["달라붙었네"]·PT["encolheu"]·RU["сморщилась"]·ES["se-ha-pegado"]·SW["Imeshikamana"]·TR["yapıştı"]·urd["چمٹ-گئی"]
Related Senses
H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H0854 1. with (accompaniment) (665×)H1471a 1. nations, peoples (plural/collective) (466×)G3326 1. with (368×)H1285 1. covenant, pact, treaty (284×)G2453 1. Jewish person, Jew (194×)H4150 1. meeting (tent of meeting) (151×)G2992 1. people/nation (an ethnic or political community) (142×)G4862 1. (129×)G1484 1. Gentiles, non-Jewish nations (128×)H1471a 2. nation, people-group (singular) (98×)H3162b 1. together (97×)H1616 1. sojourner, resident alien (92×)H0567 1. Amorite (people group) (87×)H3064 1. Jew, Jewish person (81×)H3669a 1. Canaanite (ethnic designation) (70×)G1122 1. scribe / expert in the Law (63×)H2114a 1. stranger, foreigner (person) (54×)H5608b 1. scribe, royal secretary (48×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† צָפַד vb. draw together, contract (NH id., trans.; Arabic صَفَدَ bind fast, shackle, cf. NöM § 46 who cp. Mand. סאפטים fetters);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. צ׳ La 4:8 their skin contracteth, shrivelleth, upon (עַל) their bones.