H6414 H6414
judges, arbiters, those who decide cases
This term denotes judges or legal arbiters who render decisions in disputes. It appears three times, each raising interpretive questions. Exodus 21:22 likely refers to judges who assess penalties in a case of injury to a pregnant woman. Deuteronomy 32:31 has 'our enemies being judges'—even Israel's foes must acknowledge Yahweh's superiority. Job 31:11 uses it in parallel with 'iniquity,' describing adultery as 'an iniquity for judges'—a crime requiring judicial punishment. The term emphasizes the judicial role—those authorized to weigh evidence, render verdicts, and impose penalties.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Judges or legal arbiters who decide cases and render judgment. Exodus 21:22 addresses injury to a pregnant woman: the offender shall pay 'as the judges (בִּפְלִלִים) determine'—legal arbitration of damages. Deuteronomy 32:31 declares: 'our enemies themselves being judges (פְלִילִים)'—even they must concede Yahweh's supremacy over their gods. Job 31:11 describes adultery as 'an iniquity for judges' (עֲוֹן פְּלִילִים, with some textual variants)—a crime requiring judicial punishment. The term emphasizes the deciding function. Translations: 'judges,' 'arbiters,' Spanish 'jueces,' French 'juges,' German 'Richter.' 3×
AR["بِ-القُضاةِ", "قُضَاةٌ", "لِلقُضاةِ"]·ben["বিচারকদের", "বিচারকদের-অনুসারে।", "বিচারকেরা"]·DE["Richter", "[פלילים]", "durch-judges"]·EN["by-judges", "judges", "of-judges"]·FR["juges", "par-judges", "פלילים"]·heb["ב-פלילים", "פלילים"]·HI["न्यायाधीशों-का", "न्यायाधीश।", "से-न्यायाधीशों"]·ID["dengan-hakim-hakim", "hakim-hakim"]·IT["da-giudici", "di-judges", "judges"]·jav["hakim", "ingkang-kaadili", "miturut-putusan-hakim."]·KO["심판관들이다", "재판관들-에서", "재판관들의"]·PT["de-juízes", "juízes", "por-árbitros"]·RU["для-судей", "судьи", "через-судей"]·ES["de-jueces", "sean-jueces", "según-los-jueces"]·SW["kwa-waamuzi", "wa-hakimu", "waamue"]·TR["hakimlerle", "yargıçlar", "yargıçların"]·urd["جج", "قاضیوں کے لیے", "قاضیوں-کے-ذریعے"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [פָּלִיל] n.m. judge; pl. פְּלִילִים Dt 32:31 our enemies being judges, umpires; עָוֹן פ׳ Jb 31:11, read עֲוֹן פ׳ according to Di Siegf, cf. De; עָוֹן פְּלִילִי as v 28, so Bu Du; בִּפְלִלִים Ex 21:22, read perhaps בַּנְּפָלִים for the abortion Bu ZAW xi (1891), 107, cf. also Di-Ry.