H6064 H6064
To fine or impose a monetary penalty; more broadly, to punish; in Niphal, to be fined or suffer punishment.
A legal verb rooted in the courtroom and the marketplace, originally denoting the imposition of a monetary fine. Deuteronomy 22:19 prescribes that the slandering husband 'shall be fined a hundred shekels,' and 2 Chronicles 36:3 records Pharaoh Neco fining the land of Judah. Spanish consistently uses 'multar' (to fine) for these concrete penalties, while broadening to 'castigar' (to punish) in Proverbs' wisdom sayings (17:26; 21:11). The Niphal passive -- 'to be fined, punished' -- appears in Exodus 21:22 with the emphatic infinitive absolute construction 'he shall surely be fined,' and in Proverbs 22:3 and 27:12, where the naive pass on and 'are punished.'
Senses
1. to be fined, be punished — Niphal passive: to be fined or punished -- to suffer a penalty imposed by others. Exodus 21:22 uses the emphatic infinitive absolute ('anosh ye'anesh, 'he shall surely be fined') for injuring a pregnant woman. In Proverbs 22:3 and 27:12, the simple pass on and 'are punished.' French 'punir' and Spanish 'castigados/multado' reflect the range from monetary fine to general punishment. 3×
AR["وَ-يُعاقَبُونَ", "يُعاقَبُونَ", "يُغَرَّمُ"]·ben["এবং-শাস্তি-পায়", "শাস্তি-দেওয়া-হবে", "শাস্তি-পায়"]·DE["[ונענשו]", "[נענשו]", "er-soll-sein-bestrafte"]·EN["and-are-punished", "he-shall-be-punished"]·FR["et-punir", "il---être-punit", "punir"]·heb["ו-נענשו", "ייענש", "נענשו"]·HI["और-दंडित-होते-हैं", "दण्डित-होगा", "दण्डित-होते।"]·ID["dan-dihukum", "ia harus didenda"]·IT["e-e-sono-punished", "e-sono-punished", "egli-shall-essere-punì"]·jav["dipunukum", "lan-dipunukum", "piyambakipun-dipunukum"]·KO["벌-받다", "벌을-받느니라-그리고", "벌하리라"]·PT["e-são-punidos", "será-multado", "são-punidos"]·RU["да-оштрафуется", "и-наказываются", "наказываются"]·ES["será-multado", "son-castigados", "y-son-castigados"]·SW["ataadhibiwa", "huadhibiwa", "na-huadhibiwa"]·TR["cezalandırılacak", "ve-cezalandırılır"]·urd["اور-سزا-پاتے-ہیں", "جرمانہ-کیا-جائے-گا", "سزا-پاتے-ہیں"]
2. to fine, impose a monetary penalty — Qal active: to fine or mulct someone -- imposing a specific monetary penalty. Deuteronomy 22:19 prescribes fining the slanderous husband a hundred shekels of silver. Pharaoh Neco fines the land in 2 Chronicles 36:3. Amos 2:8 condemns those who drink wine bought 'with the fines of the condemned.' Spanish 'multar/multo' precisely captures the monetary character of this sense. 3×
AR["المُغَرَّمينَ", "وَ-غَرَّمَ", "وَيُغَرِّمُونَهُ"]·ben["এবং-জরিমানা-করবে", "ও-জরিমানা-করলেন", "জরিমানাদের"]·DE["[ויענש]", "[ענושים]", "und-sie-soll-fein"]·EN["and-he-fined", "and-they-shall-fine", "those-fined"]·FR["[ויענש]", "et-ils-devra-fin", "punir"]·heb["ו-יענש", "ו-ענשו", "ענוּשים"]·HI["और-उसने-जुर्माना-किया", "और-दंड-देंगे", "जुर्माने-से-लिया"]·ID["dan-mendenda", "dan-menghukum", "orang-orang-yang-didenda"]·IT["[ויענש]", "[ענושים]", "e-essi-dovra-fior"]·jav["kang-dipun-denda", "lan-ngenakaken-dènda", "lan-ngukum"]·KO["그리고-그가-벌금을-매겼다", "그리고-벌하리라", "벌받은-자들의"]·PT["e-multou", "multados", "¶ e-o-multarão"]·RU["И-оштрафуют", "и-оштрафовал", "оштрафованных"]·ES["Y-lo-multarán", "multados", "y-multó"]·SW["na-watamtoza", "wayaּanosh", "ya-waliotozwa-faini"]·TR["cezalandırılmışların", "ve-ceza-kesti", "ve-cezalandıracaklar"]·urd["اور-جرمانہ-لگایا", "اور-جرمانہ-کریں", "جرمانے-کی"]
3. to punish — Qal active in a broader punitive sense: to punish, not limited to fines. Proverbs 17:26 says it is not good to punish the righteous, and 21:11 teaches that when a scoffer is punished, the simple gain wisdom. Spanish shifts from 'multar' to 'castigar' here, signaling the move from financial penalty to general discipline. Exodus 21:22's infinitive absolute intensifies the Niphal rather than standing as an independent Qal occurrence. 3×
AR["بِ-عِقابِ-", "عِقابُ", "غَرامَةً"]·ben["যখন-শাস্তি-পায়", "শাস্তি-দেওয়া", "শাস্তি-দেওয়া-হবে"]·DE["[בענש]", "[ענוש]", "punishing"]·EN["punishing", "when-punished"]·FR["dans-punir", "punir", "punishing"]·heb["ב-ענוש-", "ענוש"]·HI["दंड", "दंड-देने-पर-", "दण्ड-से"]·ID["Ketika-dihukum", "denda", "menghukum"]·IT["in-quando-punished", "punishing"]·jav["ing-ukuman-saking", "paukuman", "ukum"]·KO["벌주는-것은", "벌주면-", "벌하고"]·PT["Ao-punir-", "multar", "punir"]·RU["наказывать", "при-наказании-", "штрафом"]·ES["Al-castigar-al-", "castigar", "multar"]·SW["aadhibishwapo", "kuadhibiwa", "kumwadhibu"]·TR["cezalandırmak", "cezalandırıldığında-", "cezalandırılmakla"]·urd["جرمانہ-کیا-جاتے-ہوئے", "سزا-دینا", "سزا-دینے-پر-"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [עָנַשׁ] vb. denom. (Gerber61 f.) fine, mulct;— Qal Pf. consec. וְעָֽנְשׁוּ Dt 22:19 (2 acc.); Impf. וַיַּעֲנֹשׁ 2 Ch 36:3 (2 acc.; ‖ 2 K 23:33 supr.); Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹשׁ Pr 17:26 (לְ pers.); = punish (in gen.) עֲנָשׁ־ 21:11; Pt. pass. עֲנוּשִׁים Am 2:8 those fined, mulcted. Niph. Impf. + Qal Inf. abs. עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ Ex 21:22 (E) he shall be strictly fined; more gen. Pf. נֶעֱנָ֑שׁוּ Pr 22:3 be mulcted, punished = 27:12.