H5953a H5953a
To deal with harshly, mock, abuse; more broadly, to act toward someone (severely or otherwise), to busy oneself with practices.
A verb that ranges from cruel mockery to the broader notion of 'dealing with' someone. Its most memorable occurrences involve the abuse of power: God's mighty acts against Egypt so Israel could recount 'how I made a mockery of them' (Exod 10:2), Balaam's donkey asking 'what have I done to you that you have struck me?' (Num 22:29), and the horrific abuse at Gibeah (Judg 19:25). In Lamentations, it shifts to a wider sense of severe dealing — 'deal with them as you have dealt with me' (1:22). Spanish captures the range with 'burlarse' (to mock) for the Hitpael and 'tratar/hacer' (to deal with) for the Piel, showing how the stem distinctions carry different intensities of action.
Senses
1. mock, abuse, deal harshly — Hitpael: to mock, make sport of, abuse, deal ruthlessly. The dominant sense, used of God's mockery of Egypt (Exod 10:2), Balaam's frustration with his donkey (Num 22:29), the atrocity at Gibeah (Judg 19:25), the Philistines' fear of abuse (1 Sam 31:4), and divine hardening of Egypt (1 Sam 6:6). Spanish 'burlarse' ('to mock') and 'abusar' ('to abuse') consistently render the contemptuous, power-laden quality of this Hitpael usage. 7×
AR["سَخِرَ","سَخِرْتِ","فَ-يَسْخَرُونَ","فَعَلْتُهُ","وَ-تَعَلَّلُوا","وَ-يَتَلاعَبونَ-","وَيَتَعَبَّثُوا-"]·ben["আমি-করেছি-উপহাস","উপহাস-করলেন","এবং-অত্যাচার-করবে-","এবং-অত্যাচার-করল","এবং-উপহাস-করবে-","ও-অপমান-করে-","তুমি-উপহাস-করেছ"]·DE["[והתעללו]","du-spottete","er-dealt-harshly","ich-verfuhr-harshly","und-abuse","und-abused"]·EN["I-dealt-harshly","and-abuse","and-abused","and-they-abuse","he-dealt-harshly","you-mocked"]·FR["Je-dealt-harshly","[והתעללו]","et-abuse","et-abused","il-dealt-harshly","tu-mocked"]·heb["התעלל","התעללת","התעללתי","ו-התעללו","ו-התעללו-"]·HI["और-दुर्व्यवहार-करें-","और-दुर्व्यवहार-किया","और-मज़अक-उद'एन-","और-वे-ठट्ठा-करें-","ठठ्ठा-किया","तूने-मेरे-साथ-ठट्ठा-किया","मैंने-खेल-खिलौना-किया"]·ID["Aku-perbuat","Ia-mempermainkan","dan-mempermainkan-","dan-mereka-memperkosa-","dan-mereka-mempermainkan","dan-mereka-mempermainkan-","kamu-mempermainkan"]·IT["[והתעללו]","e-abuse","e-abused","e-agire","egli-dealt-duramente","io-trattò-harshly","tu-mocked"]·jav["Kula-tindakaken","Panjenenganipun-tumandang","lan-nganiaya-","lan-ngècè-","lan-nyisikaken-","lan-piyambakipun-nyiksa-","panjenengan-sampun-ngece"]·KO["그리고-그들이-학대하리라-","그리고-학대했다","그리고-희롱하고-","그리고-희롱하리라","내가-행한-것을","너가-조롱했다","희롱했다-그가"]·PT["e-abusaram-","e-escarneceram-de-","e-zombe-de","e-zombem-","fiz-escarnecido","zombaste","zombou"]·RU["и-издевались-над","и-надругались-","издевалась-ты","надругался","совершил-Я"]·ES["me-burlé","se-burló","te-burlaste","y-abusaron-de","y-se-burlen","y-se-burlen-"]·SW["aliwadhihaki","na-wakamtesa","na-wakanidhalilisha","na-wakanifanyia-aibu-","na-wanidhalilishe","nilifanya","umenidhihaki"]·TR["alay-ettin","eğlendi","ve-alay-edecekler-","ve-alay-ederler-","ve-aşağılarlar-","ve-istismar-ettiler-","yaptığımı"]·urd["اور-بے-عزتی-کریں-","اور-تماشا-کریں","اور-تمسخر-کریں-گے-","اور-زیادتی-کی-اُنہوں-نے","ذلیل-کیا-میں-نے","مذاق-اڑایا-تُو-نے","چھیڑی"]
2. deal with, act toward — Piel: to deal with, act toward someone — a broader, less inherently negative sense than the Hitpael. In Lamentations 1:22 and 2:20, Jerusalem cries to God about how he has 'dealt with' her, and asks to whom he has 'done thus.' Spanish 'tratar' and 'hacer' ('to treat, to do') capture the general relational quality. The severity comes from context rather than the verb itself. 3×
AR["فَعَلْتَ","وَافْعَلْ"]·ben["এবং-ব্যবহার-করুন","এমন-করেছেন","ব্যবহার-করেছেন"]·DE["behandelt","und-behandelt"]·EN["You-dealt","You-dealt-thus","and-deal-with-them"]·FR["et-enfant","tu-as-fait"]·heb["ו-עולל","עוללת"]·HI["और-कर-उन-पर","तूने-ऐसा-किया-है","तूने-किया-है"]·ID["Engkau-lakukan","dan-lakukanlah"]·IT["agire","e-agire"]·jav["Panjenengan-sampun-nindakaken","Panjenengan-sampun-tumindak","lan-tumindaka"]·KO["그리고-행하소서","당신-이-했나이다","당신-이-행하셨네"]·PT["e-faze-a-eles","fizeste"]·RU["Ты-поступил","и-поступи"]·ES["has-tratado","me-hiciste","y-hazles"]·SW["na-uwatendee","umenitendea","umetendea"]·TR["ve-yap","yaptın"]·urd["اور-کر","تُو-نے-کیا","کیا-ہے-تُو-نے"]
3. busy oneself with, practice — Hitpael infinitive: to busy oneself with, to practice or commit actions deliberately. Psalm 141:4 prays that the heart not be inclined 'to practice wicked deeds.' Spanish 'para practicar' and French 'a agir' ('to act') render the self-engaging, deliberate quality of occupying oneself with an activity. 1×
AR["لِـ-أَرْتَكِبَ"]·ben["আচরণ-করতে"]·DE["zu-practice"]·EN["to-practice"]·FR["à-agir"]·heb["ל-התעולל"]·HI["करने-के-लिए"]·ID["untuk-mengerjakan"]·IT["[להתעולל]"]·jav["kanggo-nindakaken"]·KO["행하게"]·PT["para-praticar"]·RU["чтобы-делать-"]·ES["para-practicar"]·SW["kushiriki"]·TR["yapması-için-"]·urd["مصروف-ہونے-کے-لیے"]
4. cause grief, afflict — Piel with emotional object: to cause grief, to afflict or deal painfully with. Lamentations 3:51 says 'my eye causes grief to my soul' — a specialized application where the 'dealing' produces suffering. The inward, psychological dimension distinguishes this from the interpersonal 'dealing with' of sense 2. 1×
AR["تُؤْلِمُ"]·ben["কষ্ট-দিয়েছে"]·DE["behandelt"]·EN["causes-grief"]·FR["[עוללה]"]·heb["עוללה"]·HI["दुखी-करती-है"]·ID["menyebabkan-penderitaan"]·IT["agire"]·jav["ndadosaken-susah"]·KO["해를-끼친네"]·PT["aflige"]·RU["мучит"]·ES["aflige"]·SW["linasababisha-maumivu"]·TR["acı-veriyor"]·urd["دکھ-دیتی-ہے"]
5. be dealt with — Pual passive: to be dealt with, to have harsh treatment inflicted upon oneself. Lamentations 1:12 asks onlookers to behold the suffering 'that has been dealt to me.' Spanish 'me ha sido hecho' ('has been done to me') preserves the passive framing. This is the recipient's perspective on the severe treatment described actively in senses 1 and 2. 1×
AR["فُعِلَ"]·ben["করা-হয়েছে"]·DE["behandelt"]·EN["was-dealt"]·FR["enfant"]·heb["עולל"]·HI["किया-गया-है"]·ID["ditimpakan"]·IT["agire"]·jav["sampun-dipun-tindakaken"]·KO["내렸네"]·PT["foi-feito"]·RU["постигла"]·ES["me-ha-sido-hecho"]·SW["yamenitendea"]·TR["yapıldı"]·urd["کیا-گیا"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [עָלַל] vb. Poʿēl, act arbitrarily (toward) (NH id., deal with (rare), and deriv.; Arabic عَلَّ do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, ii. divert, occupy, v. divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, always c. ל pers.: Pf. 2 ms. עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי La 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳…