Doing and Making

I. עָשָׂה I. עָשָׂה vb. do, make (NH = BH; MI23.26 עשתי, l.3.9 ואעש, l.24 Imv. עשו; OH n.pr. עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in S. Sem. lang.; on Sab. v. especially DHMSB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849);— Qal2524 Pf. 3 ms. Gn 3:1 +, sf. עָשָׂהוּ Ho 8:6 +; 3 fs. עָֽשְׂתָה Dt 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consec. Lv 25:21; 2 ms. עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:14 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲשֶׂה Gn 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 K 16:25 + 3 times, וַיַּעַשׂ Is 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Is 64:3, 2 ms. תַּעֲשֶׂה 1 S 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Gn 26:29 Jos 7:9, juss. (c. אַל) תַּעַשׂ Gn 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה 2 S 13:12 Je 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 s. אֶעֱשֶׂה Gn 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ez 20:14 Dn 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Dt 10:3 + 4 times Ez; etc.; Imv. ms. עֲשֵׂה Ju 10:15 +; fs. עֲשִׂי Je 6:26 +, etc.; Inf. abs. עָשׂה 44:17 +; עָשׂוֹ 7:5 + 2 times (4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); cstr. עֲשׂוֹת Gn 2:4 +, עֲשֹׂה 50:20 + 2 times, עֲשׂוֹ 31:28, sf. עֲשׂתוֹ 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ †Ex 18:18, etc.; Pt. act. עֹשֶׂה Is 5:5 +, sf. הָעשֹׁוֹ Jb 40:19 (but v. infr.); pl. עֹשִׂים Gn 24:49 +; sf. עֹשָׂ֑י Jb 35:10 (yet v. Ges§ 124 k), etc.; pass. עָשׂוּי Ex 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Jb 41:25 (Ges§ 75 k); f. עֲשׂוּיָה Ez 21:20 +, etc.;— I. 1. do (1560 + times): a. (1) c. acc. act. Gn 3:14 (J) 20:10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of י׳ 2 K 12:3; 14:13 +, evil 8:18, 27 + (cf. i. עַיִן 3 c); do God’s commands, statutes, etc., Dt 16:12; 30:8, Nu 15:39 (P); ע׳ חַיִל 1 S 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Pr 31:29 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Lv 20:13 (H), Dt 20:18; sq. מִן part., וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Lv 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; v. מִן 3 b (d)), cf. וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּל־מִצְוֹת י׳ v 13, 22; 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, c. acc. cogn. מַעֲשֶׂה Ex 18:20; 23:12 (E), also (י׳ subj.) Dt 11:7 Dn 9:14 Ec 3:11; c. acc. מְלָאכָה Gn 2:2, 2 (J), Ex 20:9, 10 = Dt 9:13 (10 Words); c. acc. דְּרָכֶיךָ †Is 58:13; ע׳ מְלוּכָה עַל 1 K 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of י׳ performing signs (אֹתֹת) Jos 24:17 (E), Nu 14:11, 22 (JE), Dt 11:3, so Moses Ex 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) v 21. (2) do something to one (ל pers.) Gn 20:9 (E), Ju 9:56 +; c. עַל reflex. Je 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially י׳ subj., c. לְ, do good to Ex 18:9 (E), 1 K 8:66, or evil Gn 42:28 (E); in phr. so may God do to me, etc. 1 S 3:17 2 K 6:31 + (v. יסף Hiph. 1). (3) do something for one (ל pers.) Gn 30:31 1 K 11:8 +, dir. obj. om. 1 S 20:4; + ל rei Ju 21:7, 16 what shall we do for them, for wives? c. עַל pers. Ne 5:19; c. dat. eth. (ל) 1 S 10:7; c. לְ, of י׳ doing kindness for 1 S 22:3; executing vengeance for Ju 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); י׳ doing a sign (אוֹת) for †Ju 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֹת לְ), cf. עֲשֵׂה־עִמִּי אוֹת לְטוֹבָה ψ 86:17. (4) do someth. (in relation or intercourse) with (עִם, אֵת pers.), י׳ subj. Ex 34:10 Dt 1:30 all that he did with you, 10:21 (cf. ψ 86:17 supr.), human subj. 2 Ch 24:24 (obj. שְׁפָטִים), Ru 2:11. (5) seldom c. ב, usually of executing judgment upon 1 S 28:18 Is 48:14, more gen. Est 1:15 what shall we do with the queen? also, subj. י׳, Ez 25:11; 28:26 ψ 149:7, 9 Nu 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ע׳ חֲסָדִים בּ׳ Ne 13:14. (6) of י׳ doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1 K 8:45, 49 ψ 9:5. (7) c. adv. do thus, כֹּה, Jos 6:14 (JE), according to, כְּ, Gn 6:22 (P), 18:21 (J), 1 K 2:6; acc. as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Gn 27:19 (J); Ex 1:17 (E) +; c. בְּ of manner, Ju 9:16a, Ez 8:18; 25:15. b. work for (ל rei) Gn 30:30 (J); c. ל pers. 1 S 14:6 Ez 29:20 (for י׳); work in (ב) gold or other material 1 K 7:14 2 Ch 2:6, 13 Ex 31:4, 5; 35:32 (all P); c. בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָח) Ex 5:9 (J) in toil Ne 4:10; work w. (עִם) God 1 S 14:45, so prob. of God’s working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron 1 S 12:6 (usually appoint); c. עִם with (of pers. in whose company, in whose field) Ru 2:19(×2) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Pr 31:13; without prep. Ex 36:1 Ne 3:38. 2. deal with, c. עִם, 2 Ch 2:2 Dn 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר acc. as); c. אֵת, Ez (17:17) 20:44 Mic 5:14 ψ 109:21; Ez 22:14 Zp 3:19 (Gr Now ins. כָּלָה, v. ii 1 g), + כְּ Je 21:2, + בְּ of manner Ez 23:25, 29; c. לְ pers. + בְּ 25:12; c. בְּ pers., Je 18:23 Dn 11:7, + כְּ according toNe 9:24 Est 3:11. 3. often in phr., do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: c. עִם, (עִמָּדִי) Gn 19:19; 24:12, 14 (J), Ju 1:24; 8:35 1 S 15:6 2 S 2:5; 10:2 = 1 Ch 19:2 +; c. עַל, 1 S 20:8 (but read עִם Vrss We Dr al.); abs., ψ 109:16; obj. חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, c. עִם, Jos 2:14 (JE) Ju 9:19 2 S 2:6; c. אֵת with, Gn 24:49; 32:11; 47:29 (all J); c. לְ, Ex 20:6 = Dt 5:10, 2 S 22:51 = ψ 18:51; so ע׳ טוֹב, c. עִם, Gn 26:29 (J), cf. Ju 8:35; 9:16; c. אֵת with, 1 S 24:19 2 S 2:6. 4. abs. act, act with effect, especially of י׳, 1 K 8:32, 39 Je 14:7 Ez 20:9, 14, 22 ψ 22:32; 37:5; 52:11 Dn 9:19; of men 2 Ch 31:21 Dn 8:12, 24; 11:28, 30, 32; c. ל pers. Ez 31:11. II. 1. make (670 + times): a. c. obj. concr., ark Gn 8:6, altar 13:4, idols Ju 18:24, 31 +, etc. b. often of God’s making (creating) Gn 3:1 (J), 1:7, 16, 25 (P), Ne 9:6 Jb 9:9 Pr 8:26 2 Ch 2:11 ψ 95:5 +; making man ψ 100:3; 119:73 (made by God’s hands), in the womb Jb 31:15(×2); making constituting, nation Dt 26:19; 32:6, 15; pt. sf. עֹשֵׂהוּ his Maker Is 17:7 Pr 14:31; 17:5 (הָעֹשׂוֹ Jb 40:19 is improb., most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpr. of foll. words); עֹשֶׂךָ Is 51:13, עֹשֵׂנִי Jb 32:22 (Ginsb; v 22 van d. H. Baer), עֹשֵׂנוּ ψ 95:6; so appar. pt. pl. עֹשָׂ֑י Jb 35:10, עֹשַׂיִךְ Is 54:5 (Ges§ 124 k expl. as sg.). c. make something, c. לְ reflex., make for thee Ex 20:4 Dt 9:12; 10:1 +, for (ל) another 1 S 2:19 2 S 7:11 1 K 2:24 +; obj. מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Gn 40:20 Est 5:4, also (no ל) Gn 29:22 (E) Ju 14:10 Est 5:5, 12 and (fig., י׳ subj.) Is 25:6; c. ל rei, Dt 22:8; c. ל of animal Gn 33:17 (J). d. make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) 2 S 7:9 1 Ch 17:8, also (no ל) 2 S 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל) Ez 18:31. e. make war with (אֶת) Gn 14:2 Jos 11:18 (D); c. עִם, Dt 20:12, 20 1 Ch 5:10, 19; abs. 1 Ch 22:8; c. ל reflex. Pr 24:6; pt. עֹשֵׂה מִלְחָמָה 2 Ch 11:1; 26:11, 13; make peace, c. ל pers. Jos 9:15 (J); ע׳ אִתִּי בְרָכָה 2 K 18:31 make an agreement with me. f. c. ב, ע׳ פֶּרֶץ בּ׳ Ju 21:15 י׳ brought a catastrophe upon (cf. פרץ). g. c. 2 acc., make something out of (acc. mater.) Ex 25:18; 28:13; 37:17, 24 Ct 3:10 Dt 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges§ 117 ii) Ho 8:4 Gn 27:9 Ju 17:4 Nu 11:8; 17:3 ψ 104:4; make something כָּלָה, i.e. utterly destroy it Na 1:8 Zp 1:18 Ez 20:17 Ne 9:31; c. pt. pass. as 2nd acc. Ex 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, 39:9; but also c. acc. + לְ, Ho 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Ju 8:27 Ex 27:3 (P), Dt 9:14 Je 37:15 Ez 4:9 IS 44:17, 19; make something for (ל pers.), + מִן of material Ct 3:9. 2. produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Ho 8:7(×2), vineyard, grapes Is 5:2(×2), 4(×2), 10, tree, fruit 2 K 19:30 = Is 37:31, Ho 9:16 Je 12:2; 17:8 Ez 17:23 (all fig.), Gn 1:11, 12 (P); branches Jb 14:9 and (fig.) Ez 17:8; land, fruit Lv 25:21 cf. Hb 3:17, abs. Gn 41:47; of seed Is 5:10, vine, shoots Ez 17:6 (fig.); of cows, yielding milk Is 7:22; hippop. producing fat Jb 15:27. 3. prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Gn 18:7, 8 Ju 6:19; 13:15 1 S 25:18 (pass.), 2 S 12:4(×2) Gn 27:14, 17, 31 2 S 13:5, 7 1 K 17:12 Ex 12:39 (+ ל reflex.) Ez 35:6; a bullock for sacrifice 1 K 18:23, 25, 26; כְּלֵי גוֹלָה Ez 12:3 (+ ל reflex.); a chamber Ne 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל pers. and inf.). 4. make offering, e.g. עוֹלָה Ju 13:16 Je 33:18 Lv 16:24, עוֹלָה וָזֶבַח 2 K 5:17 (+ ל dei), הַחַטָּאת Lv 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Nu 15:3, 14, various offerings 1 K 8:64 Lv 9:22 Ez 45:17; 46:2 +; + לי׳ to י׳ Lv 17:9 +; also c. acc. of thing sacrificed (perhaps orig. prepare or provide, v. supr.) Ez 43:25(×2); 46:15 Lv 14:30; 15:15, 30; 16:9 Nu 6:11, 17 ψ 66:15 (+ ל dei) +; abs. = offer sacrifice Ex 10:25 (E + לי׳), to (ל) heathen gods 2 K 17:32. 5. attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Dt 21:12; wash (feet) 2 S 19:25; trim (beard) v 25 (cf. Fr faire la barbe, Ger. die Haare machen). 6. observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. pass-over Ex 12:47, 48; Nu 9:4, 6, 13; Jos 5:10, also (+ לי׳) Ex 12:48 Nu 9:10, 14 (all P), Dt 16:1 +; sabbath Ex 31:16; Dt 5:15; feast of weeks 16:10, booths 16:13, Purim Est 9:21, 27, etc. 7. acquire property of various kinds (cf. ‘make money’) Gn 12:5; 31:1 (J); Is 15:7; Je 17:11; 48:36; Dt 8:18; Ez 22:13; 28:4(×2); 38:12; 2 Ch 32:29; Ec 2:8; + ל reflex. Dt 8:17; 2 S 15:1; 1 K 1:5; of fruits from vineyards, etc. ψ 107:37. 8. appoint priests 1 K 12:31; 13:33; 2 Ch 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast 1 K 12:32, 33 (+ ל pers.); ordain a sacrifice Nu 28:6, a festal day ψ 118:24; institute, אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit 2 K 21:6 = 2 Ch 33:6 (cf. Dr Dt 18:11). 9. bring about, of י׳’s effecting a deliverance Ex 14:13 (לָכֶם), 1 S 11:13; 2 S 23:10 (ins. also ‖ 1 Ch 11:13 Dr), v 12; cause, sq. cl. c. שֶׁ Ec 3:14. 10. use, וְע׳ לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ 1 S 8:16; pass. Ex 38:24 11. spend, pass, days of life Ec 6:12. Niph.97 Pf. 3 ms. נַעֲשָׂה Ju 16:11 +; 3 fs. נֶעֶשְׂתָה 2 S 17:23 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָשֶׂה Gn 29:26 +, 3 fs. c. ו subord. וְתֵעָשׂ Est 5:6; 7:2; 9:12 (Ges§ 109 f), etc.; Inf. cstr. הֵעָשׂוֹת Est 9:1, 14, etc.; Pt. נַעֲשֶׂה Ne 5:18, etc.;— 1. be done (pass. of Qal I 1): a. subj. מְלָאכָה Ju 16:11 (c. ב instr.), Ne 6:16 (c. מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים), v 9 Ex 12:16 + 4 times; subj. om. Ez 44:14, indef. Est 4:1; c. כֵּן 9:14; be done, כַּתּוֹרָה Ezr 10:3; be committed, of offence, Dt 13:15; Nu 15:24; Ec 4:1 + 3 times; c. neg. not (yet) done, i.e. future Is 46:10; be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ez 12:25, 28; Dn 11:36; Est 5:5; 7:2; 9:12; be executed, carried out, of sentence Ec 8:11, decree Est 9:1; be followed, of counsel 2 S 17:23; nearly = occur Ec 1:9(×2), 13; 9:3, 6, subj. מַעֲשֶׂה 1:14; 2:17; 4:3; 8:9, 17, subj. הֶבֶל v 14, עִנְיָן v 15. b. Impf. c. neg., is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Gn 20:9 (E), 29:26 (c.כֵּן), 34:7 (both J), 2 S 13:12 (כֵּן); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by י׳ Lv 4:2, 13, 22, 27; 5:17. c. be done to, c. ל of animal 1 S 11:7 (כֹּה); ל pers. Ex 2:4 (E) 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Is 3:11; Je 5:13 (כֹּה), Lv 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Nu 15:34 (P) + 8 times; be done for, ל pers. Ju 11:37; Est 6:3, עִם pers v 3; ל rei Nu 15:11 (כָּכָה). d. be done upon, against (ב) Dn 9:12. †2. (pass. of Qal II): a. be made, of concr. things 1 K 10:20 = 2 Ch 9:19 (throne), Je 3:16 (ark), 2 K 12:14; Ez 43:18; Ex 25:31; Nu 4:26 (P); c. acc. mat. Lv 2:7. b. be produced from (מִן) vine Nu 6:4. c. be prepared, of food Ex 12:16; Lv 6:14; 7:9 (all P), Ne 5:18(×2). d. be offered, מִנְחָה Lv 2:8, 11, kid Nu 28:15, 24. e. be observed, passover 2 K 23:22, 23 (ל dei) = 2 Ch 35:18, 19; Purim Est 9:28. f. be used + ל rei Lv 7:24; 13:51 (P), Ez 15:5(×2); cf. Ex 38:24; 1 S 8:16. †Pu. Pf. 1 s. עֻשֵּׂיתִי ψ 139:15 I was made.

ποιέω, Doric dialect ποιϝέω Refs, etc.: Epic dialect imperfect ποίεον Refs 8th c.BC+; contraction ποίει Refs; Ionic dialect ποιέεσκον Refs 5th c.BC+future ποιήσω: aorist ἐποίησα, Epic dialect ποίησα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect πεποίηκα:—middle, Ionic dialect imperfect ποιεέσκετο Refs 5th c.BC+: future ποιήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist ἐποιησάμην, Epic dialect ποι- Refs 8th c.BC+perfect πεποίημαι in middle sense, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future ποιηθήσομαι (μετα-) Refs 4th c.BC+, see above; πεποιήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐποιήθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect πεποίημαι Refs 8th c.BC+:—Attic dialect ποῶ Refs, etc., is guaranteed by metre in Trag. and Comedy texts, as ποῶ Refs 5th c.BC+, and found in codex Laur. of Refs 5th c.BC+ (ποήσω), 82.9 (ποεῖ), 154.7 (ἐποησάτην), etc.; but ποι- is always written before -οι, -ου, -ω in Inscrr.: πο- also in Aeolic dialect πόημι πόης πόει Refs 7th c.BC+; compare ποιητής. Used in two general senses, make and do. __A make, produce, first of something material, as manufactures, works of art, etc. (opposed to πράττειν, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. πύλας ἐν [πύργοις] Refs 8th c.BC+; of smith's work, π. σάκοςRefsh' (= ἐποίησε) Ἀργεῖος Refs 6th c.BC+; τίς.. τὴν λίθον ταύτην τέκτων ἐποίε; Refs 3rd c.BC+; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα made from trees, i.e. of cotton, Refs 5th c.BC+to be made with.., Refs 3rd c.AD+; also τῶν τὰ κέρεα.. οἱ πήχεες ποιεῦνται the horns of which are made into the sides of the lyre, Refs 5th c.BC+; also δέρμα εἰς περικεφαλαίας πεποίηται Refs:—middle, make for oneself, as of bees, οἰκία ποιήσωνται build them houses, Refs 8th c.BC+; [ῥεῖθρον] π., of a river, Refs 4th c.BC+; also, have a thing made, get it made, ὀβελούς Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν Ἀπόλλω, i.e. a statue of Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.2 create, bring into existence, γένος ἀνθρώπων χρύσεον Refs 8th c.BC+the creator, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, beget, υἱόν Refs 5th c.BC+; παῖδας ποιεῖσθαι, ={παιδοποιεῖσθαι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; conceive, παιδίον π. ἔκ τινος Refs 5th c.BC+:—active in this sense only in later Gr., Refs 1st c.AD+; of the woman, παιδίον ποιῆσαι Refs __A.3 generally, produce, ὕδωρ π., of Zeus, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. γάλα, of certain kinds of food, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἄρρεν π., of an egg, Refs 2nd c.AD+; μέλι ἄριστον π., of Hymettus, Refs 1st c.BC+; π. καρπόν, of trees, NT (metaphorically in religious sense,Refs; of men, κριθὰς π. grow barley, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. πενίαν, πλοῦτον, of the stars, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __A.3.b in Mathematics texts, make, produce, τομήν, σχῆμα, ὀρθὰς γωνίας, Refs 3rd c.BC+ —passive, πεποιήσθω ὡς.. let it be contrived that.., Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.3.c postulate, imply, ἡ προσθήκη ἀφαίρεσιν καὶ ἔλλειψιν ποιεῖ Refs 3rd c.AD+ __A.3.d π. τὸ πρόβλημα effect a solution of the problem, Refs 3rd c.BC+; π. τὸ ἐπίταγμα fulfil, satisfy the required condition, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.4 after Refs 8th c.BC+, of Poets, compose, write, π. διθύραμβον, ἔπεα, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. Φαίδραν, Σατύρους, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. κωμῳδίαν, τραγῳδίαν, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, write poetry, write as a poet, ὀρθῶς π. Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by a quotation, ἐπόησάς ποτε.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.4.b represent in poetry, Ὅμηρον Ἀχιλλέα πεποιηκέναι ἀμείνω Ὀδυσσέως Refs 5th c.BC+; ποιήσας τὸν Ἀχιλλέα λέγοντα having represented Achilles saying, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.4.c describe in verse, θεὸν ἐν ἔπεσιν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐποίησα μύθους τοὺς Αἰσώπου put them into verse, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.4.d invent, καινοὺς θεούς Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπὸ ποιητέω τινὸς ποιηθὲν [τοὔνομα] Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to αὐτοφυῆ, κύρια, Refs 1st c.BC+ __A.II bring about, cause, τελευτήν Refs 8th c.BC+; also of things, ἄνεμοι αὐτοὶ μὲν οὐχ ὁρῶνται· ἃ δὲ ποιοῦσι φανερά Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.b with accusative et infinitive, cause or bring about that.., σε θεοὶ ποίησαν ἱκέσθαι [ἐς] οἶκον Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τινὰ αἰσχύνεσθαι, κλάειν, ἀπορεῖν, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by a relative clause, π. ὅκως ἔσται ἡ Κύπρος ἐλευθέρη Refs 5th c.BC+ —also middle, ἐποιήσατο ὡς ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ εἶενRefs __A.II.2 procure, π. ἄδειάν τε καὶ κάθοδόν τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγος ἀργύριον τῷ λέγοντι π. gets him money, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, procure for oneself, gain, κλέος αὐτῇ ποιεῖτ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.3 of sacrifices, festivals, etc., celebrate, π. ἱρά Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὴν θυσίαν τῷ Ποσειδῶνι Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἼσθμιαRefs 5th c.BC+; π. σάββατα observe the Sabbath, LXX; π. ταφάς, of a public funeral, Refs 5th c.BC+; also of political assemblies, π. ἐκκλησίαν Refs 5th c.BC+; ξύλλογον σφῶν αὐτῶν Refs:—middle, ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.II.4 of war and peace, πόλεμον π. cause or give rise to a war, πόλεμον ἡμῖν ἀντ᾽ εἰρήνης πρὸς Αακεδαιμονίους π. Refs 4th c.BC+; but π. ποιησόμενοι about to make war (on one's own part), Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰρήνην π. bring about a peace (for others), Refs 5th c.BC+; but εἰρήνην ποιεῖσθαι make peace (for oneself), Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἐπεποίητο συμμαχίη Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.5 frequently in middle with Nouns periphrastic for the Verb derived from the Noun, μύθου ποιήσασθαι ἐπισχεσίην submit a plea, Refs 8th c.BC+; ποιέεσθαι ὁδοιπορίην, for ὁδοιπορέειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. πλόον, for πλέειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. κομιδήν, for κομίζεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; θῶμα π. τὴν ἐργασίην, for θωμάζειν, Refs; ὀργὴν π., for ὀργίζεσθαι, Refs; λήθην π. τι, for λανθάνεσθαί τινος, Refs; βουλὴν π., for βουλεύεσθαι, Refs; συμβολὴν π., for συμβάλλεσθαι, Refs; τὰς μάχας π., for μάχεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; καταφυγὴν π., for καταφεύγειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀγῶνα π., for ἀγωνίζεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. λόγον [τινός] make account of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; but τοὺς λόγους π. hold a conference, Refs 5th c.BC+; also simply for λέγειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; also π. δι᾽ ἀγγέλου, π. διὰ χρηστηρίων, communicate by a messenger, an oracle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III with adjective as predicate, make, render so and so, ποιῆσαί τινα ἄφρονα make one senseless, Refs 8th c.BC+; [δῶρα] ὄλβια ποιεῖν make them blest, i.e. prosper them,Refs 8th c.BC+ substantive, ποιῆσαι ἀθύρματα make into playthings, Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, appoint, instal, τὸν Μωϋσῆν καὶ τὸν Ἀαρών LXX+NTmiddle, ποιεῖσθαί τινα ἑταῖρον make him one's friend, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τινὰ ἄλοχον or ἄκοιτιν take her to oneself as wife, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τινὰ παῖδα make him one's son, i.e. adopt him as son, Refs 8th c.BC+; θετὸν παῖδα π. adopt a son, Refs 5th c.BC+ adopt, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἦσαν αὐτῷ παῖδες ἄρρενες, π. Λεωκράτη Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ ἔπεα ἀπόρρητα π. making them a secret, Refs; also ἑωυτοῦ ποιέεται τὸ.. ἔργον makes it his own, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.IV put in a certain place or condition, etc., ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς.. ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ὧδε νόημα ποίησ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+; of troops, form them, ὡς ἂν κράτιστα.. Refs 5th c.BC+; in politics, ἐς ὀλίγους τὰς ἀρχὰς π. Refs 5th c.BC+; and in war, π. Γετταλίαν ὑπὸ Φιλίππῳ bring it under his power, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, ποιέεσθαι ὑπ᾽ ἑωυτῷ Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινὰς ἐς φυλακήν, τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων ἐς ἀσφάλειαν, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ λεπτὰ πλοῖα ἐντὸς π. put the small vessels in the middle, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινὰ ἐκποδών (see. ἐκποδών); ὄπισθεν π. τὸν ποταμόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.IV.2 in Mathematics texts, multiply, π. τὰ ιβ ἐπὶ τὰ έ, τὰ ζ ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτὰ π., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.V middle, deem, consider, reckon a thing as.., συμφορὴν ποιέεσθαί τι take it for a misfortune, Refs 5th c.BC+; δεινὸν π. τι esteem it a grievous thing, take it ill, Refs (rarely in active, δεινὰ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; μέγα π. with infinitive, deem it a great matter that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἑρμαῖον π. τι count it clear gain, Refs 5th c.BC+ deem of no account, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ, ἐν ὁμοίῳ π., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν νόμῳ π. consider as lawful, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἀδείῃ π. consider as safe, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ πολλοῦ π., Latin magni facere, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ πλείονος, περὶ πλείστου π., Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ ὀλίγου, περὶ ἐλάττονος, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸ πολλοῦ π. with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.VI put the case, assume that.., ποιήσας ἀν᾽ ὀγδώκοντα ἄνδρας ἐνεῖναι Refs 5th c.BC+: without infinitive, ἐν ἑκάστῃ ψυχῇ ποιήσωμεν περιστερεῶνά τινα (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, πεποιήσθω δή be it assumed then, Refs; οἱ φιλοσοφώτατοι ποιούμενοι those who are reputed.., Refs read τί οἰώμεθα..; __A.VII of Time, οὐ π. χρόνον make no long time, i. e. not to delay, Refs 4th c.BC+; μακρότερον ποιεῖς you are taking too long, Refs 3rd c.BC+; μέσας π. νύκτας let midnight come, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔξω μέσων νυκτῶν π. τὴν ὥραν put off the time of business to past midnight, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὴν νύκτα ἐφ᾽ ὅπλοις ποιεῖσθαι spend it under arms, LXX+5th c.BC+; τὰς ἡμέρας ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι π. Refs 1st c.BC+; tarry, stay, μῆνας τρεῖς NT+1st c.AD+ __A.VIII in later Greek, sacrifice, μοσχάριον LXX; καρπώσεις ὑπέρ τινοςLXX sacrifice to Ashtoreth,LXX __A.IX make ready, prepare, as food, μοσχάριονLXX; π. τὸν μύστακα trim it,LXX __A.X ποιεῖν βασιλέα play the king,LXX __B do, much like{πράσσω, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν} Refs 8th c.BC+; ποιέειν Σπαρτιητικά act like a Spartan, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὴν μουσικήν practise it, Refs 5th c.BC+; πᾶν or πάντα π., see at {πᾶς} Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.2 with double accusative, do something to another, κακά or ἀγαθὰ ποιεῖν τινα, first in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀγαθόν, κακὸν π. τινά, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἐκείνου (i.e. χώραν) κακῶς π. LXX+5th c.BC+; also of things, ἀργύριον τωὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐποίεε he did this same thing with silver, LXX+5th c.BC+:—in middle, φίλα ποιέεσθαί τισι Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 with an adverb, ὧδε ποίησον do thus, Refs; πῶς ποιήσει; how will you act? Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently with participle, εὖ ἐποίησας ἀπικόμενος Refs 5th c.BC+; καλῶς ποιῶν almost Adverbial, καλῶς γ᾽, ἔφη, ποιῶν σύ Refs 4th c.BC+fortunately, Refs __B.4 in Prose (rarely in Poetry, Refs 4th c.BC+ I will do this for you, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II absolutely, to be doing, act, ποιέειν ἢ παθεῖν πρόκειται ἀγών Refs 5th c.BC+; ποιεῖν, as a category, opposed to πάσχειν, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.b of medicine, operate, be efficacious, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς στραγγουρίαν, πρὸς τοὺς δαιμονιζομένους, Refs 4th c.BC+; also of charms, Refs __B.II.2 Refs 5th c.BC+ good-will made greatly for, on the side of, the L., Refs: the former passage is imitated by Refs 2nd c.AD+ __C middle, ={προσποιέομαι}, pretend, with infinitive, Refs 1st c.BC+ 'builder', 'maker', cf. Sanskrit cinóti, cáyati 'arrange in order', 'build'.)

עָבַד290 vb. work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do, make, especially Nab. Palm. (often), Lzb331 f. Cook86, so 𝔗 עֲבַד, Syriac ܥܒܰܕ (very often); but also Old Aramaic Ph. עבד slave, vassal (and in many n.pr.), 𝔗 עַבְדָּא, Syriac ܥܰܒܕܳܐ id.; Assyrian abdu, id. (rare); NH עָבַד serve, perform acts of worship (c. acc. cogn.), and deriv.; Arabic عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); cf. WeSkizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, ii. enslave; عَبْدٌ slave, worshipper; Sab. עבד id. DHMSudar. Alt. p. 18; GerberVerb. Denom.14 ff. thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., cf. also NöZMG xi (1886), 741);— Qal272 Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ez 29:18 +; sf. עֲבָדוֹ Mal 3:18 +; 3 mpl. עָֽבְדוּ Dt 7:4; עָבָ֑דוּ Nu 4:26, + 64 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹד Gn 25:23 +; sf. יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Ex 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ ψ 22:31 2 K 10:18; 3 mpl. יַעַבְדוּ Dt 12:30 +; יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Gn 15:14 (Dr§ 103) Jb 36:11; 2 mpl. תַּעַבְדוּן Ex 3:12, תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Jos 24:15, + 99 times Impf.; (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם v. Hoph.); Imv. עֲבֹד 1 S 26:19; sf. עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Ch 28:9; עִבְדוּ Ex 5:18 + 15 times; עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ez 20:39; sf. עִבְדֻהוּ 1 S 7:3; Inf. cstr. עֲבֹד Mal 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Je 34:9, 10; sf. עָבְדוֹ Je 27:6 +, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵד Gn 4:2 +; pl. עֹבְדִים Nu 18:21 +; cstr. עֹבְדֵי ψ 97:7 +; sf. עֹבְדָיו 2 K 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zc 2:13;— †1. labour, work, do work: abs. Ex 20:9 = 34:21 = Dt 5:13 (4th word); Ex 5:18 (E) Ec 5:11; c. acc. rei, till the ground Gn 2:5; 3:23; 4:2, 12 (J), 2 S 9:10; Is 30:24; Je 27:11; Zc 13:5; Pr 12:11; 28:19; obj. om. Dt 15:19; Ez 48:19; vineyard Dt 28:39; garden Gn 2:15 (J); עֹבְדֵי פִשְׁתִּים Is 19:9 workers in flax; עֹבְדֵ(י) הָעִיר Ez 48:18, 19 labourers of the city; ע׳ עֲבֹדָתוֹ Is 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖ עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); ע׳ עבדה על Ez 29:18 serve a military service against. †2. work for another, serve him by labour: abs. Ex 21:2 (E); c. acc. pers. Gn 29:15; 31:6; Ex 21:6 (E) Dt 15:12, 18; Mal 3:17; Je 34:14, king his people 1 K 12:7; subj. animals Je 27:6; Jb 39:9; c. acc. pers. et rei Gn 30:26(×2), 29 (J); c. לְ pers. 2 S 16:19; עִם Gn 29:25, 30 (E) Lv 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Gn 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי 2 S 16:19(×2); c. בְּ of price Gn 29:18, 20, 25; 31:41 (E) Ho 12:13; Ez 29:20; c. בְּ pers. work by means of another, use him as slave, Ex 1:14; Lv 25:39, 46 (P) Je 22:13; 30:8; 34:9, 10; cf. Dt 15:19. 3. serve as subjects: usually c. acc., their own rulers Ju 9:28(×2), 38 1 S 11:1; 1 K 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute ψ 18:44 = 2 S 22:44; Je 27:7; 28:14; 2 K 25:24 +, other nations 2 S 10:19; Je 40:9; Zc 2:13 +, kings other kings 2 K 18:7 +, c. לְ, 1 S 4:9(×2); †מַס עֹבֵד Gn 49:15 (J) Jos 16:10; 1 K 9:21 (see מַס); †c. בְּ pers., work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Je 25:14; 27:7; Ez 34:27. 4. serve God: a. c. acc. י׳, Ex 3:12; 4:23; 7:16, 26 (JE), ψ 22:31; Jb 21:15; Mal 3:14 +; c. acc. pers. et rei Ex 10:26 (E); acc. pers. om., Je 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Is 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Ex 13:5 (of מַצֹּת). b. other gods, c. acc. א׳ †Dt 7:16; 12:2, 30 †; אלהים אחרים 7:4; 8:19; 11:16; 13:7, 14; 17:3; 28:14, 36, 64; 29:25; 30:17; 31:20; Jos 23:16; 24:2, 16; Ju 2:19; 10:13; 1 S 8:8; 26:19; 1 K 9:6, 9; 2 K 17:35; 2 Ch 7:19, 22; Je 11:10; 13:10; 16:11, 13; 22:9; 25:6; 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Dt 29:17; זָרִים Je 5:19; ��כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 2 K 21:3; 2 Ch 33:3; Je 8:2; †הבעל(ים) Ju 2:11; 3:7; 10:6, 10; 1 S 12:10; 1 K 16:31; 22:54; 2 K 10:18(×2), 19(×2), 21, 22, 23(×2); 17:16; †אלהי נֵכָר Jos 24:20; Je 5:19; †(הַ)גִּלּוּלִים 2 K 17:12; 21:21(×2) Ez 20:39; †האשׁרים 2 Ch 24:18; עצבים ψ 106:36; †פסיל(ים) 2 Ch 33:22; 2 K 17:41; פסל ψ 97:7; c. לְ, †לבעל Ju 2:13; †לאלהים אחרים Je 44:3. 5. serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; cf. RSSem i. 69): c. acc. עבד עֲבֹדָה (v. עֲבֹדָה) Nu 3:7, 8; 4:23, 30, 47; 7:5; 8:11, 19, 22, 26; 16:9; 18:6, 21, 23; Jos 22:27; acc. om. Nu 4:24, 26, 37, 41; 8:15 (but Sam 𝔊 עבדה), v 25 18:7. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ec 5:8; 2 mpl. נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ez 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָבֵד Dt 21:4; 3 fs. תֵּעָבֵד Ez 36:34;— 1. be tilled, of land Dt 21:4; Ez 36:9, 34. 2. Ec 5:8 מֶלָךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד dub.: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De: v. Comm., especially De. †Pual Pf. 3 ms. עֻבַּד Dt 21:3; Is 14:3; pass. of Qal, c. בְּ: impers. Dt 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Is 14:3. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיד Ez 29:18; 2 ms. sf. הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Is 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ v 23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Je 17:4 Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵד 2 Ch 34:33; 3 mpl. יַעֲבִדוּ Ex 1:13; Inf. cstr. הַעֲבִיד 2 Ch 2:17; Pt. pl. מַעֲבִדִים Ex 6:5;— 1. compel to labour as slaves Ex 1:13; 6:5 (P) 2 Ch 2:17, + Gn 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), 2 S 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד, + בְּ at; on both these v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army’s service against, c. acc. + (על)אל Ez 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Is 43:23, 24 (perhaps play on meanings2, 3). 2. make to serve as subjects, c. 2 acc. Je 17:4, + Je 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ, v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.). 3. cause to serve God 2 Ch 34:33. Hoph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תָּֽעָבְדֵם Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9; Ex 23:24; 1 pl. sf. נָֽעָבְדֵם Dt 13:3 (Köi. 259 Sta§ 549 g Thes; Marg. 12 f. Qal anom. pointed (cf. WAG. ed. 2, i. 62 n. Fl Kl. Schr. i. 98); Ges§ 60, R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9; Ex 23:24; Dt 13:3.

פָּעַל57 vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה) (NH פּוֹעֵל workman, cf. J Aram.; Ph. פעל = BH (often); Arabic فَعَلَ id.; Old Aramaic פעל; Syriac in der. spec. and deriv.);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. Dt 32:27 +, פָ֫עַל אֵל Nu 23:23, 2 ms. פָּעַלְתָּ Ex 15:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִפְעַל Jb 22:17 +; 2 ms. תִּפְעָל־ 35:6, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְפָעֳלָם Jb 37:12 (v. infr.); Pt. act. פֹּעֵל ψ 15:2 +, pl. cstr. פֹּעֲלֵי 5:6 +, etc.;— 1. do: a. of God, c. acc. (abstr.) Nu 23:23; Dt 32:27; Jb 33:29, יְשׁוּעוֹת ψ 74:12; + ל pers. ψ 31:20; 68:29; Is 26:12 Jb 22:17; c. acc. cogn. פֹּעַלִ ψ 44:2 Hb 1:5; acc. om. Is 43:13, cf. 41:4. b. of men, c. acc. ψ 11:3 Jb 11:8, + ל pers. (God) 7:20, + ב pers. (God) 35:6; especially of doing evil, שָׁ֑קֶר Ho 7:1, עָוֶל Jb 34:32, עַוְלָה 36:23 ψ 58:3; 119:3, אָוֶן Pr 30:20, especially פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן Ho 6:8; Is 31:2 Jb 31:3; 34:8, 22 ψ 5:6 + 15 times ψ, Pr 10:29; 21:15, פֹּעֲלֵי רָע Mi 2:1; rarely of doing right, c. acc. מִשְׁפָּטוֹ Zp 2:3, צֶדֶק ψ 15:2. c. of clouds, c. acc. Jb 37:12 (disregarding—֑). 2. make: a. of God, c. acc. concr. object + ל end Pr 16:4, ל of 2nd obj. ψ 7:14; פֹּעֲלִי Jb 36:3 my Maker. b. of man, c. acc. concr. Is 44:12, 15; acc. om. 44:12 ψ 7:16.—Is 1:31 v. פֹּ֫עַל" dir="rtl" >פֹּעַל.

πράσσω, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect πρήσσω, Attic dialect πράττω (first in Refs 5th c.BC+, Cretan dialect πράδδω Refs: future πράξω, Ionic dialect πρήξω: aorist ἔπραξα, Ionic dialect ἔπρηξα: perfect πέπραχα, Ionic dialect πέπρηχα, (transitive) Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐπεπράχει (ν) (transitive) Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect Refs 5th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐπεπράγεσαν (intransitive) Refs 5th c.BC+:— perfect πέπραγα Attic dialect, πέπραχα Hellenistic, accusative Refs 5th c.BC+, but see above:—middle, future πράξομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐπραξαμην Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, future (see.above), also πραχθήσομαι Refs 4th c.BC+; future Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐπράχθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect πέπραγμαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __I in Epic dialect only, pass through, pass over, δὶς τόσσον ἅλα πρήσσοντες ἀπῆμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; ὄφρα πρ. ὁδοῖοRefs: Grammars note that this sense is found only in present, Refs __II experience certain for- tunes, fare well or ill, ὁ στόλος οὕτως ἔπρηξε Refs 5th c.BC+; μακαρίως, εὐδαιμόνως, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently with neuter pronoun or adjective, εὖ π. τι Refs 5th c.BC+ __III achieve, effect, accomplish, οὔ τι Refs 8th c.BC+; κλέος ἔπραξεν won it, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔπραξε δεσμόν achieved bondage, i.e. brought it on himself, Refs; ὕμνον π. grant power of song, Refs; λεόντεσσι π. φόνον do slaughter upon them,Refs 5th c.BC+; π. εἰρήνην, φιλίαν, bring it about, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. τι παρά τινος get something from.., ὧν δέονται πάντων πεπραγότες εἶεν παρὰ βασιλέως Refs 5th c.BC+; also, attempt, plot, δήμου κατάλυσιν Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, πέπρακται τοὖργον Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων the facts of what took place, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 absolutely, effect an object, be successful, δὸς Τηλέμαχον πρήξαντα νέεσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.3 of sexual intercourse, ἐπράχθη τὰ μέγιστα Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III.4 to be busy with, σὺ μὲν τὰ σαυτῆς πρᾶσσ᾽ mind your own business, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ εὖ.. οἰκοῦνται αἱ πόλεις, ὅταν τὰ αὑτῶν ἕκαστοι πράττωσι (ironical) Refs; μὴ τὰ αὑτῶν π. not to act their part, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.5 manage affairs, do business, act, εἰπεῖν τε καὶ πρᾶξαι Refs; πράττειν τὰ πολιτικὰ πράγματα, τὰ τῆς πόλεως, manage state-affairs, take part in government, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.6 generally, transact, negotiate, manage, οἱ πράξαντες πρὸς αὐτὸν τὴν λῆψιν τῆς πόλεως Refs 5th c.BC+; Θηβαίοις τὰ πράγματα π. manage matters for their interest, Refs 4th c.BC+ —so in passive, τῷ Ἱπποκράτει τὰ.. πράγματα ἀπό τινων ἀνδρῶν.. ἐπράσσετο matters were negotiated with him by.., Refs 5th c.BC+: but frequently absolutely, treat, negotiate, manage, act, οἱ πράσσοντες αὐτῷ Refs; ἐς (variant{πρὸς}) τοὺς βαρβάρους, ἐς τοὺς Εἵλωτας, Refs:—passive, ἐπράττετο οὐ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους Refs 5th c.BC+the traitors, Refs:—followed by dependent clauses, πρᾶσσε καὶ τὰ ἐμὰ καὶ τὰ σὰ ὅπῃ κάλλιστα ἕξει Refs, etc.: with accusative et infinitive, μὴ δεῦρο πλεῖν τὴν ναῦν ἔπραττεν Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.6.b especially of secret practices and intrigues, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργύρῳ ἐπράσσετ᾽ ἐνθένδ᾽ unless some bribery was being practised, Refs 5th c.BC+; νῦν δ᾽ αὔτ᾽ Ἀτρεῖδαι φωτὶ παντουργῷ φρένας ἔπραξαν have jobbed them (the arms) away to a villain, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV practise, πόνῳ π. θεοδμάτους ἀρετάς Refs 5th c.BC+: then absolutely, act, π. ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος βουλαῖσι δὲ φρήν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς πράττοντες as doing, Refs 5th c.BC+; μεθ᾽ ἡμῶν ἔπραττεν, i. e. he took our side, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.2 study, δράματα Refs see at {Ἀριστοφάνη; συλλογισμούς} Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐν τοῖς πραττομένοις in the poems which are now studied, made the subject of commentaries, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __V with double accusative person et of things, πράττειν τινά τι do something to one, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VI exact payment from one, αὐτοὺς ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἔπρηξαν Refs 5th c.BC+; πράσσει με τόκον he makes me pay interest, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὐφειλόμενον π. Δίκη Refs 4th c.BC+: frequently of tax-gatherers or other collectors of public debt, Refs 5th c.BC+; φόρον ἔπρησσον παρ᾽ ἑκάστων obtained or demanded from.., Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person, press for payment, μὴ π. τοὺς ὀφειλέτας Refs 2nd c.BC+; π. τινά τι ὑπέρ τινος demand from one as the price for a thing, Refs 2nd c.AD+ exact punishment or vengeance for a murder: hence, avenge, punish, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ὑπὸ βασιλέως πεπραγμένος φόρους called on to pay up the tribute, Refs 5th c.BC+; πραχθεὶς ὑπὸτῶνδε Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, exact for oneself, πράξασθαί τινα μισθόν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀργύριον, χρήματα, Refs 5th c.BC+; φόρους πράσσεσθαι ἀπό, ἐκ τῶν πόλεων, Refs 5th c.BC+: metaphorically of exacting punishment, etc., μεγάλ᾽ ἀντ᾽ ὀλίγων ἐπράξαο Refs 3rd c.BC+ —passive perfect and pluperfect in middle sense, εἰ μὲν ἐπεπράγμην τοῦτον τὴν δίκην if I had exacted from him the full amount, Refs 4th c.BC+ __VII with accusative person, πράττειν τινά deal with, finish off, euphemistic, ἔπρασσε δ᾽ ᾇπέρ νιν, ὧδε θάπτει Refs 4th c.BC+

עֲבַד vb. make, do (𝔗 Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. Egyptian Aramaic (S-CPap.; cf. אַזְדָּא); = BH עָבַד, q.v., but in meaning ‖ עשׂה);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Dn 3:1 +, 2 ms. עֲבַ֑דְתְּ (K§ 13, 2) 4:32; 1 s. עַבְדֵֿת 3:15; 6:23, 3 mpl. עֲבַ֫דוּ Ezr 6:13 +; Impf. 2 mpl. תַּעְבְּדוּן (Baer K§ 38, 1. b); תַּעַבְדוּן Gi Str) Ezr 6:8; 7:18; Inf. מֶעְבַּד (K§ 15, a) 2)) 4:22; 7:18 (מֶעְבַּ֑ד); Pt. act. עָבֵד 7:26 +, fs. עָבְדָא Dn 7:21; mpl. עָֽבְדִין Ezr 4:15;— 1. make, acc. rei Dn 3:1, 15 and (of creation) Je 10:11; make a feast Dn 5:1, war 7:21 (עִם pers.), ded. of temple Ezr 6:16. 2. do, acc. of deed, Dn 4:32 (of God), 6:23 Ezr 4:15, 22; do, act, כְּנֵמָא, thus, Ezr 6:13, כ, according to, Dn 7:18 and (of God) 4:32, abs. 6:11; acc. + ב rei Ezr 7:18 do something with, + עִם pers. 6:8; do, perform, acc. of God’s law 7:26, acc. of signs, etc. (subj. God) Dn 6:28 and (+ עִם pers.) 3:32. Hithpe. Impf. 3 ms. יִתְעֲבֵד Ezr 6:11 +, ד—ִ֑ 6:12; 7:21; 2 mpl. תִּתְעַבְדוּן Dn 2:5; Pt. מִתְעֲבֵד Ezr 7:26, -בֶד־ 4:19, fs. -עַבְדָא 5:8;— 1. be made into, c. n. pred., Dn 2:5; 3:29; Ezr 6:11. 2. be done, wrought, 4:19, 5:3 (subj. עֲבִידְתָּא); be performed, executed, of command Ezr 6:12; 7:21, 23, judgment 7:26.

† I. [עָלַל] vb. Poʿēl, act arbitrarily (toward) (NH id., deal with (rare), and deriv.; Arabic عَلَّ do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, ii. divert, occupy, v. divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, always c. ל pers.: Pf. 2 ms. עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי La 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳ 2:20 to whom hast thou acted thus severely? 3 fs. עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי 3:51 my eye deals severely with me, i.e. gives me pain (?; text dub.; cf. PerlesAnal. 18 Bu). Imv. ms. עוֹלֵל לָמוֹ La 1:22 deal severely with them.—Vid. also ע׳ denom. infr. Pōʿal Pf. 3 ms. מַכְאֹבִי אֲשֶׁר עוֹלַל לִי La 1:12 my pain which is severely dealt out to me. Hithpa. Pf. 1. busy, divert oneself with (cf. Arabic v.), always c. ב pers.: 1 s. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּ׳ Ex 10:2 (J) how I [י׳] have made a toy of Egypt; especially deal wantonly, ruthlessly with (ב pers.): 3 ms. הִתְעַלֵּל 1 S 6:6; 2 fs. הִתְעַלַּלְתְּ Nu 22:29 (JE; Balaam’s ass); 3 pl. וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ consec. 1 S 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4; Je 38:19; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּ־בָהּ Ju 19:25 (of abusing a woman; ‖ וַיֵּדְעוּ אֹתָהּ). Hithpōʿ. Inf. cstr. לְהִתְעוֹלֵל עֲלִלוֹת ψ 141:4 to practise practice in wickedness (perhaps denom.).

χράω. __BRefs 4th c.BC+ FORMS: contraction χρῇ Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect χρᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive χρᾶν Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect participle χρέων Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect χρείων Refs 8th c.BC+: imperfect ἔχραον Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔχρη Refs 7th c.BC+: future χρήσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔχρησα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, aorist ἐχρήσθην Refs, etc.: perfect κέχρησμαι (variant{κέχρημαι}) Refs: pluperfect ἐκέχρηστο (variant{ἐκέχρητο}) Refs:—middle, χρῶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect χρέομαι Refs 5th c.BC+, infinitive χρέεσθαι Refs; participle χρεώμενος Refsimperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐχρέωντο (variant{ἐχρέοντο}) Refs: future χρήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I in active of the gods and their oracles, proclaim, absolutely, χρείων μυθήσατο Φοῖβος Refs 6th c.BC+; χρῆσεν οἰκιστῆρα Βάττον proclaimed him the colonizer, Refs 5th c.BC+; also in Trag., ὁ χρήσας Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, warn or direct by oracle, ἔχρησας ὥστε τὸν ξένον μητροκτονεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+; χρήσαντ᾽ ἐμοὶ.. ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κακῆς εἶναι that I should be.., Refs; with infinitive aorist, Refs 5th c.BC+: rare in Attic dialect Prose, τάδε ὁ Ἀπόλλων ἔχρησεν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησε Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II passive, to be declared, proclaimed by an oracle, τίς οὖν ἐχρήσθ; Refs 5th c.BC+; mostly of the oracle delivered, τὰ ἐκ Δελφῶν οὕτω τῷ Κροίσῳ ἐχρήσθη Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ χρησθέν, τὰ χρησθέντα, the response, Refs 5th c.BC+; χρησθὲν αὐτῷ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοῦτο παθεῖν since it was foretold him by an oracle that.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἃ τοῦδ᾽ ἐχρήσθη σώματος which were declared about it, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ κακοῦ τοῦ κεχρησμένου Refsinfinitive, καί σφι ἐχρήσθη ἀνέμοισι εὔχεσθαιRefs: with accusative et infinitive, ἐκέχρηστό σφι.. τοῦτον βασιλεύσειν Refs; with infinitive aorist, Refs __B.III middle, of the person to whom the response is given, consult a god or oracle, with dative, ψυχῇ χρησόμενος Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο Refs 8th c.BC+; χ. θεῷ, χρηστηρίοισι, μαντηΐῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. χρηστηρίῳ εἰ.. inquire at the oracle whether.., Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ χρώμενοι the consulters, Refs 5th c.BC+; κεχρημένος having inquired of an oracle, Refs 4th c.BC+infinitive, σωφρονεῖν κεχρημένον being divinely warned to be temperate, Refs 4th c.BC+: later simply, receive a divine revelation, Refs 8th c.BC+ has the word in this sense only in Refs 8th c.BC+active only in present participle χρείων (future χρήσω Refsmiddle only in participle future χρησόμενος. __B furnish with a thing, in which sense the present was κίχρημι, Refs 4th c.BC+; Cretan dialect 3rd.pers. singular κίγχρητι Refs 2nd c.BC+; Delph. 3rd.pers. singular present subjunctive κιχρῇ Refs 4th c.BC+aorist χρέηRefs; present participle κιχρέντε Refsχρηννύναι, χρηννύω, Refs 4th c.BC+: middle, χρηννυόμεθα Refs 3rd c.BC+: future χρήσω Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἔχρησαRefs 5th c.BC+ (3rd.pers. singular written ἔκχρησεν Refs; imperative χρῆσον Refs 5th c.BC+ Comedy texts 205: perfect κέχρηκα Refs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐκεχρήκει Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, perfect κέχρημαι (δια-) Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, present κίχρᾰμαι Refs 1st c.AD+; infinitive κίχρασθαι Refs 4th c.BC+: imperfect ἐκιχράμηνRefs: aorist ἐχρησάμην, imperative χρῆσαι Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.:—furnish the use of a thing, i.e. lend, usually in a friendly way, δανείζω being the word applied to usurers (but χ. ={δανείζω} in LXX+5th c.BC+; χ. τὰν χέρα, in the formula of manumission, Refs:—middle, borrow, τι Refs 5th c.BC+; πόδας χρήσας, ὄμματα χρησάμενος having lent feet and borrowed eyes, of a blind man carrying a lame one, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II ={χρηματίζω}Refs

† לְבֵנָה n.f. brick, tile (NH id.; Aramaic לְבִינְתָּא, ܠܒܶܢܻܬܳܐ; Zinj. לבן (?) DHMSendsch. 37. 59; Assyrian libittu; Arabic لِبْنٌ, لَبِنٌ, لَبِنٌ, لِبْنَةٌ, لَبِنَةٌ (loan-words according to Frä4 f.); according to Thes and most from whiteness of clay, or light colour of sun-baked bricks; so NöZMG xl, 1886, 735 LagBN 139; >others regard as Assyrian loan-word VOJ i, 22 ff.; in Assyrian a deriv. from labânu, throw down, prostrate, is sought DlPr 93f. (cf. HWB 369);—ל׳ Gn 11:3 Ez 4:1; cstr. לִבְנַת Ex 24:10; pl. לְבֵנִים Gn 11:3 + 7 times; sf. מִלִּבְנֵיכֶם Ex 5:19;— 1. brick, as building-material, Gn 11:3 (sg. coll.; elsewhere pl.) v 3; Ex 1:14; straw used in making Ex 5:7, cf. v 8, 16, 18, 19; Is 9:9 (fig.; as inferior to גָּזִית hewn stone); incense burnt on Is 65:3 (= roof-tiles? cf. Che Di). 2. = tile, on which plan of city could be engraved (חקק) Ez 4:1. 3. = pavement, Ex 24:10 (cf. Di).

—

ποι-ητής, οῦ, ὁ, maker, μηχανημάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῴων, of the painter, Refs; inventor, θεῶν Refslawgiver, Refs __2 workman, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II composer of a poem, author, π. κωμῳδίας Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, poet, Refs 5th c.BC+; Homer was called ὁ π., Refs 5th c.BC+; so also Hesiod, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b composer of music, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 author of a speech, opposed to deliverer of it, π. λόγων Refs 5th c.BC+

† מַלְבֵּן n.[m.] 1. brick-mould; 2. quadrangle (on meaning brick-mould, and fig. something rectangular, v. HoffmZAW 1882, 53–72 Dr 2 S 12:31, cf. NH מַלְבֵּן; Arabic مِلْبَنٌ; Syriac ܡܰܠܒܢܳܐ;)— 1. brick-mould, 2 S 12:31 Qr (Kt, by error, מלכן), Na 3:14. 2. quadrangle, Je 43:9 (at Tahpanhes).

† [לָבַן] vb.denom. make brick (as Assyrian labânu from libittu DlHWB 370);— Qal Impf. 1 pl. נִלְבְּנָה Gn 11:3 (c. acc. cogn.); Inf. cstr. לִלְבֹּן Ex 5:7 (c. acc. cogn.), v 14 (abs.)

αὐτό-χειρ, χειρος, ὁ, ἡ, with one's own hand, creative, Refs 4th c.BC+; αὐ. λούειν, παίειν, κτείνειν, NT+5th c.BC+: with genitive, very doer, per-petrator of a thing, αὐ. τοῦδε τοῦ τάφουRefs 5th c.BC+; τῆς ἀσελγείας ταύτηςRefs 4th c.BC+; αὐ. οὔτε τῶν ἀγαθῶν οὔτε τῶν κακῶν men who accomplish neither.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II absolutely, one who kills himself, suicide, Refs 5th c.BC+; simply, murderer, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸν.. νομίζω αὐτόχειρά μου γεγενῆσθαι τούτοις τοῖς ἔργοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __III as adjective, murderous, especially of murder committed by one's own hand or by kinsmen, αὐ. θάνατος, σφαγή, μοῖρα, Refs 5th c.BC+; πληγέντες αὐτόχειρι σὺν μιάσματι, of brothers smitten by mutual slaughter, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 αὐτόχειρα γράμματα written with one's own hand, autograph, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ποί-ησις, εως, ἡ, fabrication, creation, production, opposed to πρᾶξις (action, see Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of Poetry, ἡ τῶν διθυράμβων π., τῆς τραγῳδίας, τῶν ἐπῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, art of poetry, οἱ ἐν π. γενόμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἄκροι τῆς π. ἑκατέρας, i.e. tragedy and comedy, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b poetic composition, poem, ἐς ποίησιν ἐσενείκασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II ={εἰσποίησις}, adoption, in plural, Refs 4th c.BC+; κατὰ ποίησιν Refs 2nd c.BC+; ποιήσει υἱοί Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 in collective sense, those adopted, τῆς π. ἣν ἐκεῖνος ἐποιήσατο Refs __III method of procedure, in Magic, Refs

—

—

† II. [שְׁוָה] vb. Hithpa. be set, made (Pa. שַׁוִּי make, Cappadoc. Aramaic LzbEph. i. 67; cf. BH II. [שָׁוָה]);—Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתַּוִּ֑ה Dn 3:29, subj. rei + acc. be made into something (K§ 84, 3).