H5705 H5705
until, up to — Aramaic preposition and conjunction marking temporal, spatial, or quantitative limit
This Aramaic preposition, cognate with Biblical Hebrew ad, appears 35 times exclusively in the Aramaic portions of Daniel and Ezra, serving as the standard marker for temporal and spatial endpoints. It governs durations ('for thirty days,' Dan 6:8), deadlines ('until the Ancient of Days came,' Dan 7:22), quantitative limits ('up to a hundred talents,' Ezra 7:22), and spatial extent ('up to here,' Dan 7:28). The compound conjunction ad di ('until that') introduces temporal clauses throughout Daniel's visions. Every target language renders it with a single limit-particle: Spanish 'hasta,' French 'jusqu'a,' German 'bis' — confirming a unified prepositional function with no semantic splits.
Senses
1. until, up to (temporal/spatial limit) — An Aramaic preposition marking a boundary in time, space, or quantity, equivalent to Hebrew ad. Temporal use dominates: 'until the time of the end' (Dan 7:26), 'until now' (Ezra 5:16). Also marks amount ('up to a hundred talents,' Ezra 7:22) and space ('up to here,' Dan 7:28). The conjunction ad di introduces temporal subordinate clauses (Dan 2:34; 4:30). 35×
AR["إِلَى-", "حَتَّى", "حَتَّى-"]·ben["-পর্যন্ত-", "পর্যন্ত", "পর্যন্ত-", "যতক্ষণ", "যতক্ষণ-না", "যতক্ষণ-না-"]·DE["bis"]·EN["for-", "on", "to-", "until", "until-", "up-to"]·FR["jusqu'à"]·heb["עד"]·HI["जब-तक", "तक", "दिन"]·ID["Sampai", "ketika", "pada", "sampai", "supaya"]·IT["fino-a"]·jav["lapuran", "ngantos", "ngantos-"]·KO["까지", "까지-"]·PT["até", "até-"]·RU["До-", "для-", "до", "до-", "пока", "пока-"]·ES["cuando", "hasta", "hasta-"]·SW["hadi", "hadi-", "ili-", "tarehe"]·TR["-dek", "-e-kadar", "-e-kadar-", "içinde-", "ta-ki", "ta-ki-", "çukurun"]·urd["تاکہ-", "تک", "تک-", "جب-تک-", "یہاں-تک"]
Related Senses
H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H1242 1. morning (214×)H5750 2. still, yet (continuative) (166×)G5119 1. then (160×)G3568 1. now (147×)G2193 1. until (143×)G3825 1. (141×)G3752 1. (123×)H6153 1. evening, time of day (123×)H0227a 1. then (122×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† עַד35 prep. and conj. even to, until (BH III. עַד; so 𝔗 Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb336 S-CA 5 +));— 1. prep.: a. of space, even to Dn 7:13; עַד־כָּה v 28. b. of amount, up to Ezr 7:22 (4 times). c. of time, until Dn 2:20; 6:15, 27; 7:18(×2), 26 Ezr 4:24; 5:16 וְעַד־כְּעַן; = our against 6:15 (cf. BH, p. 724 a top); to (the end of) = during Dn 6:8 עַד יוֹמִין תְּלָתִין,…