Until (Temporal Limit)

III. עַד in poetry עֲדֵי (†Nu 24:20, 24 ψ 104:23; 147:6; Jb 7:4; 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Is 26:4; 65:18 ψ 83:18; 92:8; 132:12, 14: cf. אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, ܥܕ; Sab. עד, עדי, MordtmZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHMxxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian adi Dl§ 81 a (Arabic عَدَا is except); perhaps akin to عَدَا pass on, advance to, Köii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי prob. from ground-form ʿădăy, Ol428, 421 Köii. 309 ff.; but LagSym. ii. 101–3, Mitth. i. 231 f.; as plur. like אַחֲרֵי);—with sf. עָדַי Nu 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mi 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדֵיכֶם †Jb 32:12; 2 K 9:18 עַד־הֵם occurs; —as far as,- even to (differing from אֶל, in that the limit is included, as in Arabic حَتَّى FlKl.Schr. i. 402 f.): I. prep. 1. of space:— a. Gn 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, 12:6; 13:3, 12 + often, Is 8:8 עד צואר יגיע, 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, 25:12; 26:5 ψ 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, 69:2 באו מים עד נפשׁ (cf. Jon 2:6; Mi 1:9; Je 4:10, 18), 90:3 תָּשֵׁב אֱנוֹשׁ עַד דַּכָּא, Jb 11:7, etc.; pregn. ψ 118:27 אִסְרוּ־חַג עַד וגו׳ bind … (and lead) up to …; Is 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוֹק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Ex 22:8 עד האלהים יָבֹא דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1 S 9:9 ψ 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָל־בָּשָׂר יָבֹאוּ, Is 45:24; Jb 4:5, שׁוּב עַד י׳ Ho 14:2 al. (v. שׁוּב, stronger than שׁוּב אֶל־י׳); poet. Nu 24:20 וְאַחֲרִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v 24; rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד †Nu 23:18, הִתְבּוֹנֵן עַד †Jb 32:12; 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another prep., 1 S 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳, 1 K 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳, עַד מֵעַל Ez 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Est 4:2, and even (si vera l.) עַד אֲלֵיהֶם 2 K 9:20: cf. נֶ֫גֶד" dir="rtl" >עַד נֶגֶד Ne 3:16, 26, עַד נֹכַח Ju 19:10 +. b. In the combin. מִן … (וְ)עַד, as Gn 10:19 מצידון … עַד עַזָּה from Sidon … as far as Gaza + often (v. מן 5 a); and idiom., not of actual space, but of classes of objects, to express the idea of both … and, as Gn 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (v. מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lv 11:42 Nu 8:4 even to (i.e. including) its base and its flowers, cf. 1 S 18:4. 2. Of time: a. (a) even to, until Gn 8:5 even to the 10th month, Ex 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v 15, 18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gn 19:37, 38, עד היום הזה 26:33; 32:33, both + often; עד יום sq. inf. Ex 40:37 Jos 6:10 Ju 18:30; עד בקר till morning, Ex 12:10 + (15 times), עד הבקר 16:23 + (11 times); so עד (ה)ערב Ex 18:13, 14 +, poet. עֲדֵי ערב ψ 104:23; עַד עוֹלָם Gn 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2 K 4:35; עַד דּוֹר וָדוֹר Is 13:20; v. also בְּלִי" dir="rtl" >בְּלִי, and בֵּ֫לֶת" dir="rtl" >בִּלְתִּי, ad fin. And sq. another prep., Lv 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Ne 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Ju 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; cf. (b) end. (b) sq. inf., both of past time, as Gn 8:7; 32:25 עַד עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, 33:3; 34:5, and especially of future time, as 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, 19:22; 27:45 Dt 7:20, 23; 20:20; 22:2; 28:20, 22,—both + often; cf. בּוֹשׁ" dir="rtl" >עַד בּוֹשׁ Ju 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם … Lv 25:29 + 10 times; עַד תֻּמָּם Dt 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה †2 K 13:17, 19; Ezr 9:14; עַד כַּלּוֹתָ(ם) 1 S 15:18 Je 9:15 +; עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר Ju 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Dt 7:24 (cf. 28:48 Jos 11:14; 1 K 15:29; 2 K 3:25; 10:17; 24:20 [‖ Je 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ]; on the anom. הִ׳, v. Dr, read prob. הַ׳); and most prob. (cf. Köiii. 583) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם) עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ Dt 3:3 (v. Dr), + 5 times (v. supr. p. 117), read prob. הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(ם), Gn 43:25 Ex 22:25 Nu 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tab. against their coming, 2 K 16:11; Ez 33:22; cf. 2 S 17:22. Ellipt. Ju 16:2 עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time (q.v.), as עַד אָנָה, עַד־מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, cf. עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (v. מָה 4 b). (d) to suggest also degree (cf. 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֹם until there is no place Is 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר †ψ 40:13 Jb 5:9; 9:10; cf. Lv 26:18 וְאִם־עַד־אֵלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishments, you do not hearken to me. b. During (rare; proposes as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, cf. ἕως: so often Aramaic עַד, ܥܕ, while), 2 K 9:22 with is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.? Jb 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; sq. inf. Ju 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Ex 33:22 Jb 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jon 4:2. 3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (v. מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste †ψ 147:15; Est 5:6 וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְחֵעָשׂ, v 3; 7:2. See also לְ" dir="rtl" >עַד לְ, below. With a neg., to express not even as much as, Dt 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, †Ex 9:7 לֹא מֵת … עַד־אֶחָד, simil. 14:28 Ju 4:16; 2 S 17:22 (read אֶחָד for אַחַד: v. Dr). Sometimes almost = Lat. adeo, 1 S 2:5 (si vera l.) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Jb 25:5 הן עד־יָרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hg 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Na 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dub.) entangled even like thorns, 1 Ch 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e. like), etc. Cf. 2 S 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three. II. Conj. 1. until:— a. עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with pf., of past time, Ex 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Dt 9:21), Dt 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Jos 3:17; 8:26; Ju 4:24; 1 K 10:7 (2 Ch 9:6), 2 K 17:20, 23; 21:16; with suggestion of degree, 1 S 30:4 (sq. אֵין, 1 K 17:17; rarely of future time (the ‘future perfect,’ Dr§17), 2 S 17:13 (of degree), Ez 34:21. So עַד שֶׁ- (often in NH; v. שֶׁ), †Ju 5:7 Ct 3:4(×2); עַד כִּי †Gn 26:13 עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד, 41:49 2 S 23:10 2 Ch 26:15; and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם †Gn 28:15; Nu 32:17; Is 6:11. (b) with impf., usually of future time, Gn 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַת אָחִיךָ, 29:8; Ex 23:30; 24:14 Lv 22:4; Nu 11:20; 20:17; 1 S 22:3; Ho 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jon 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Ec 2:3. So (of the future) עַד שֶׁ- †Ct 2:7, 17; 3:5; 4:6; 8:4 ψ 123:2; and עַד כִּי †Gn 49:10 עַד כִּי־יָבֹא שִׁילֹה. b. עַד alone, until: (a) with pf., of past time, Jos 2:22; 4:23 עַד־עָבַרְנוּ, 1 S 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2 S 21:10; 1 K 11:16; Ez 28:15; of the future (rare), 2 K 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ez 39:15; Dn 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד אִם (of the fut.), †Gn 24:19, 33; Is 30:17; Ru 2:21. (b) with impf., of future time, 1 S 1:22 (ellipt.: cf. Ju 16:2, 12 a (b) end), Is 22:14; 26:20; 32:15; 62:1, 7 ψ 57:2; 71:18; Jb 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Ex 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, v 16 Jos 10:13 (poet.) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֹי אוֹיְבָיו, ψ 73:17; 2 Ch 29:34. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch, or turning-point, in the fut., as ψ 110:1 (v. De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Ho 10:12; Jb 14:6 (but v. 3); after a neg. cl., Gn 49:10; Nu 23:24 Is 42:4 ψ 71:18; 112:8; Jb 8:21 (but read prob. with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding v 20 as present, not future). 2. While (rare: cf. 12 b):— a. with pf., 1 S 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake. b. with impf., ψ 141:10 יַחַד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by. c. with ptcp., Jb 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read prob. עֹד, as v 16, 17), Ne 7:3. d. עַד שֶׁ- (without vb.) †Ct 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) †Pr 8:26 עד לא עשׂה ארץ (so עַד לָא, ܥܰܕ ܠܴܐ, often, e.g. Gn 24:15 𝔗, Mt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the fut.) †Ec 12:1, 2, 6 (cf. Talm. עַד דְּלָא, Mishn. עַד שֶׁלֹּא). 3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Is 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵּךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; v. 1. עַד); Jb 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Is 22:14 (Du). In Jos 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׂר עַד כֹּה בֵּֽרְכַנִי י׳, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; cf. Di). †III. עַד לְ, a strengthened from for עַד found chiefly in Ch Ezr, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus 1. of space: עַר לְבוֹא חֲמָת Jos 13:5; Ju 3:3; 1 Ch 13:5, עד ל׳ מִדְבָּ֫רָה 5:9, עד ל׳ מצרים 2 Ch 26:8; עַד לְמִזְרַח הַנָּ֑יְא 1 Ch 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד 12:17; עַד לִגְרָר 2 Ch 14:12; עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2 Ch 28:9; Ezr 9:6; עַד לְמֵרָחוֹק 2 Ch 26:15; Ezr 3:13. 2. Of time: עד לעולם 1 Ch 23:25; 28:7; עד למנחת הערבEzr 9:4; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezr 10:14 prob. during (Keil: Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְּ); sq. inf. עַד לַעֲלוֹת הַמִּנְחָה 1 K 18:29; עַד לִכְלוֹת 1 Ch 28:20; 2 Ch 29:28; עַד לְכַלֵּה 2 Ch 24:10; 31:1; עד להשׁחית 26:16; עַד לָמוּת 32:24 (‖ 2 K 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezr 10:14 עד להשׁיב. 3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֹל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1 Ch 12:23; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2 Ch 16:12; 17:12; 26:8; עַד לִמְאֹד 2 Ch 16:14; עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 29:30; עַד לָרֹב 31:10; עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 36:16.

ἕως, __BEpic dialect εἵως, ἧος (see. entry near the end), Doric dialect ἇς, Aeolic dialect ἆς (which see), Boeotian dialect ἇς Refs, and ἅως Refs Relat. Particle, expressing the point of Time up to which an action goes, with reference to the end of the action, until, till; or to its continuance, while: __B.I until, till, __B.I.1 with Ind., of a fact in past time, θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, ἧος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν Refs 8th c.BC+imperfect with ἄν in apodosi, of an unaccomplished action, ἡδέως ἂν Καλλικλεῖ διελεγόμην, ἕ. ἀπέδωκα I would have gone on conversing till I had.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.2 ἕ. ἄν or κε with Subj. (mostly of aorist), of an event at an uncertain future time, μαχήσομαι.. ἧός κε τέλος πολέμοιο κιχείω till I find, Refs 8th c.BC+ is sometimes omitted in Trag., ἕ. μάθῃς Refs 5th c.BC+: so frequently in later Gr., NT+2nd c.BC+ __B.I.3 ἕ. with Opt. (mostly of aorist), relating to an event future in relation to past time, ὦρσε.. Βορέην, ἧος ὃ Φαιήκεσσι.. μιγείη caused it to blow, till he should reach.., Refs 8th c.BC+ or κε is added to the Opt. (not to ἕως), if the event is represented as conditional, ἕ. κ᾽ ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη till (if possible) all things should be given back, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.I.3.b in indirect speech, ἔδωκεν.. ἕ. ἀνὴρ εἶναι δοκιμασθείην Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.I.3.c by assimilation to an optative with ἄν, [λόγον] ἂν διδοίης ἕ. ἔλθοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.4 with subjunctive or optative, expressing purpose, in order that, Refs 8th c.BC+; σπούδασον ἕως οὗ ἀγοράσῃ κτλ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.I.5 with Inf. in indirect speech, ἐντειλάμενος διεκπλέειν ἕ... ἀπικνέεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+: otherwise only in later Gr., ἕ. ἐλθεῖν ἐς.. LXX+1st c.BC+ __B.I.6 with adverbs of Time and Place, ἕ. ὅτε till the time when, with indicative, variant for{ἔστε} in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἕ. οὗ, falsa lectio for{ἐς οὗ}, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently in later Gr., Gem.[same place], NT; ἕ. πότ; how longLXX+NT; ἕ. ὀψέ till late, falsa lectio for{ἐς ὀψέ}, NT+5th c.BC+; ἕ. ὧδε as far as this place, NT __B.I.6.b with Preps., of Time, ἕ. πρὸς καλὸν ἑῷον ἀστέραRefs; of Place, ἕ. εἰς τὸν χάρακα NT+2nd c.BC+ __B.II as preposition, __B.II.1 of Time, with genitive, until, ἕως τοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι until he has made payment, Legal cited in LXX+4th c.BC+; ἕ. τινός for a time, NT+1st c.BC+ __B.II.1.b of Place, ἕ. τοῦ γενέσθαι.. up to the point where.. Refs 4th c.BC+; as far as, ἕ. Σάρδεων Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἕ. τοῦ Ἀρσινοΐτου νομοῦ Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἕ. Φοινίκης LXX+NT __B.II.1.c of Number or Degree, ἕ. τριῶν πλοίων Docum. cited in LXX+4th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔστιν ἕ. ἑνόςLXX+2nd c.BC+; ἐᾶτε ἕ. τούτου NT+3rd c.BC+; ἕ. μέθης Refs 1st c.AD+ __B.II.2 rarely with accusative, ἕ. πρωΐ LXX+1st c.AD+; ἕ. τὸ βωμῷ down to the word “βωμῷ”, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III while, so long as, with indicative, ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν Refs 8th c.BC+; ἕ. δ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἔμφρων εἰμί Refs 4th c.BC+; ἕ. ἔτι ἐλπὶς [ἦν] Refs 8th c.BC+; by τόφρα, Refs 8th c.BC+; by δέ alone,Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.III.b ἕ. ἄν c.subjunctive, when the whole action is future, οὔ μοι.. ἐλπίς, ἕ. ἂν αἴθῃ πῦρ Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.c ἕως with optative in a Conditional relative clause, φήσομεν μηδὲν ἂν μεῖζον μηδὲ ἔλαττον γενέσθαι ἕ. ἴσον εἴη αὐτὸ ἐαυτῷ Refs 5th c.BC+ __B in Refs 8th c.BC+, for a time, ἧος μὲν.. ὄρνυον· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ.. Refs 8th c.BC+; all that time, Refs 8th c.BC+, as iambus, only once in Refs 8th c.BC+; as a monosyllable, Refs 8th c.BC+; when the first syllable is to be long codices Refs 8th c.BC+, except ειος variant Refs 8th c.BC+; comparison of Doric dialect ἇς (from *ἇος) with Attic dialect-Ionic dialect ἕως points to early Ionic dialect *ἧος (cf. Sanskrit yāvat 'as great as, as long as, until') and this should probably be restored in Refs 8th c.BC+; compare τέως.)

† I. עַד and וָעֶ֑ד (so always) n.m. perpetuity ( = advancing time, cf. Assyrian adû, time, at the present time);— 1. of past time: מִנִּי עַד Jb 20:4; הררי עד Hb 3:6 ancient mountains (cf. עולם 1) so Gn 49:26 (read הַרְרֵי עַד for הוֹרַ֔י עַד). 2. of future time, לָעַד (usually לָעַ֑ד) for ever: a. during lifetime, of king ψ 21:7 Pr 29:14; of others ψ 9:19; 22:27; 61:9 Pr 12:19. b. of things, לָעַד בַּצּוּר יֵחָֽצֵב֑וּן Jb 19:24. c. of continuous existence, of nations, גְּבֶרֶת עַד (of Babylon, cf. עולם 2 c) Is 47:7 (yet v. iii. עַד II 3); anger, לעד Am 1:11; elsewhere עֲדֵי עַד ψ 83:18; 92:8 Is 26:4; 65:18. d. of divine existence, שֹׁכֵן עַד Is 57:15; attributes, לָעַד ψ 111:3, 10; 112:3, 9; residence in Zion, עֲדֵי עַד 132:14; law of God, לָעַד 19:10; promise as to dynasty of David, לָעַד 89:30; עֲדֵי עַד 132:12; inheritance of land, לָעַד 37:29; continuous relations between God and his people 1 Ch 28:9; Is 64:8; Mi 7:18 לעד. e. phrases (see עולם 2 m): (לְ)עוֹלָם וָעֶ֑ד ψ 9:6; 10:16; 21:5; 45:7, 18; 48:15; 52:10; 104:5; 119:44; 145:1, 2, 21; Ex 15:18; Mi 4:5; Dn 12:3; לָעַד לְעוֹלָם ψ 111:8; 148:6; עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד Is 45:17.—Is 30:8 read (עַד־עוֹלָם) לְעֵד for a witness (𝔖 𝔊 𝔗 Ges Ew Di Che Du) for MT לָעַד.

ἄχρι and ἄχρις (see. entry near the end): __I adverb to the uttermost, τένοντε καὶ ὀστέα λᾶας ἀναιδὴς ἄχρις ἀπηλοίησενRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.2 after Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄχρι πρὸς τὸν σκοπόν, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἄχρι ἐπὶ πολὺ τῶν πλευρῶνRefs 4th c.BC+: less frequently after the Noun, ἐς τέλος ἄχριςRefs 1st c.BC+adverb, ἄχρι πόρρω still farther, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II preposition with genitive, even to, as far as, __II.1 of Time, until, ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος until deep in the night, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄχρι δὲ τούτου until then, NT+6th c.BC+continually, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 of Space, as far as, even to, ἄχρι τῆς ἐσόδου τοῦ ἱροῦRefs 5th c.BC+: after its case, ἰνίου ἄχριςRefs 3rd c.BC+ __II.3 of Measure or Degree, ἄχρι τούτου up to this point, NT+5th c.BC+ __III as conjunction, ἄχρι, ἄχρις with or without οὗ, __III.1 of Time, until, so long as, ἄχρι οὗ ὅδε ὁ λόγος ἐγράφετοRefs 5th c.BC+; ἄχρι οὗ ἄν or ἄχρι ἄν with Subj., ἄχρι ἂν σχολάσῃ till he should be at leisure, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄχρι ἂν ἔχῃ τὸ ἴδιον ἐντελές [ἡ ἱστορία] Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἄχρι οὗ τελευτήσῃ (variant{-σει}) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄχρι ἄν, c.infinitive, Epist.Refs 1st c.BC+: with infinitive only, ἄχρις ἱκέσθαι ὀστέονRefs 4th c.AD+ __III.2 of Space, so far as, διώξας, ἄχρι οὗ ἀσφαλὲς ᾤετο εἶναιRefs 5th c.BC+: with subjunctive, αὐξάνεται εἰς μῆκος, ἄχρι οὗ δὴ ἐφίκηται τοῦ ἡλίουRefs 4th c.BC+; compare μέχρι throughout. —Epic dialect poets use ἄχρι or ἄχρις, as the metre requires: in Ionic dialect μέχρι is preferred (see. above): but ἄχρι, -ις are more common in Refs 8th c.BC+ before both consonants and vowels,Refs 2nd c.AD+; and so in Attic dialect Inscrr. (where it is somewhat less frequently than μέχρι): ἄχρι ἄν with hiatus in Refs 4th c.BC+ —Never in Trag. (ἄχρι, ={ṃṃ-χρι}, compare μέχρι.)

† עַד35 prep. and conj. even to, until (BH III. עַד; so 𝔗 Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb336 S-CA 5 +));— 1. prep.: a. of space, even to Dn 7:13; עַד־כָּה v 28. b. of amount, up to Ezr 7:22 (4 times). c. of time, until Dn 2:20; 6:15, 27; 7:18(×2), 26 Ezr 4:24; 5:16 וְעַד־כְּעַן; = our against 6:15 (cf. BH, p. 724 a top); to (the end of) = during Dn 6:8 עַד יוֹמִין תְּלָתִין, v 13; 7:12, 25. On עַד־אָֽחֳרֵין Dn 4:5 v. אָחֳרָן" dir="rtl" >אָחֳרָן; and on עַד־דִּבְרַת דִּי 4:14 v. [דִּבְרָה" dir="rtl" >דִּבְרָה]. 2. conj.: a. עַד־דִּי until, sq. pf. (of past time) Dn 2:34; 4:30; 5:21; 7:4, 9, 11, 22; sq. impf. (of fut.) 2:9; 4:20, 22, 29.—Dn 6:25 לָא מְטוֹ … עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג׳ up to the time that …, i.e. ere that. b. עַד alone, Ezr 4:21; 5:5.

μέχρῐ, and μέχρῐς, adverb as far as, so used chiefly in Prose and before a preposition, μέχρι πρός.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. ὅποι.. Refs; μ. ὅπου.. Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. νῦν (variant{τοῦ νῦν}) Refs 1st c.BC+; μέχρι πότε χηρεύομε; Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II preposition with genitive, even to, as far as, __II.1 of Place, μέχρι θαλάσσης Refs 8th c.BC+: rarely following its case, ὀμφαλοῦ μ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of Time, τέο μέχρι; i.e. τίνος μέχρι χρόνο; how long? Refs 8th c.BC+; μέχρις τε; Refs 7th c.BC+; μέχρι οὗ, μέχρι ὅσου, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. τοσούτου, ἕως ἂν.. Refs 5th c.BC+ up to my time, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. τῆς ἐκείνου ζόης till the end of his life, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 of Measure or Degree, μ. τοῦ δικαίου so far as consists with right, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. ὑγιείας, μ. ἡδονῆς,NT __II.4 with Numbers to express a round sum, up to, about, nearly, μ. δώδεκα Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes without altering the case of the substantive, τοὺς μ. τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότας Refs 4th c.BC+; μ. τινὸς πλήθους up to a certain number, Refs 4th c.BC+: hence, just short of, μ. κόρου μετρεῖσθαι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.5 in Refs 5th c.BC+ is sometimes used like the simple μέχρι, μέχρι οὗ ὀκτὼ πύργων Refs __III as a conjunction, until, with indicative, μέχρι.. ὁρμὴ ἐνέπεσε Refs 5th c.BC+; μέχρι ἄν with subjunctive Refs; μέχρις κε μένῃ NT+5th c.BC+: with infinitive, μ. σβεσθῆναι τὸ πῦρ Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.2 as long as, whilst, with indicative, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. ἄν with subjunctive, μέχρις ἂν ζῶσιν πονεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+; Doric dialect μέχρι κα ζώη Refs 2nd c.BC+—The μετώπο-ι is elided in Refs —Cf. ἄχρι throughout and entry near the end

† II. עַד n.[m.] booty, prey (upon which one advances, falls); cf. 𝔗 עֲדִי booty, Is 10:2; 33:23 +.—יֹאכַל עַד Gn 49:27 devour prey (‖ שָׁלָל); עַד שָׁלָל מַרְבֶּה Is 33:23 prey of great spoil; קוּמִי לְעַד Zp 3:8 (of God) my rising up to the prey (BrMP); אֲבִי עַד Is 9:5 father (i.e. distributor) of booty (Hi Kn Kue BrMP Du CheHpt; > Ges Ew Di al. everlasting father).