H5310b H5310b
to disperse, be scattered; used of people scattering or being dispersed across territory
This verb describes the scattering or dispersal of populations and armies. Genesis 9:19 states that from Noah's sons "was the whole earth dispersed," while Isaiah 33:3 describes nations scattering before divine judgment. The root may be related to the more common פוץ (scatter), though some scholars derive it as an independent root with cognates in Aramaic and Arabic meaning to shake, pour out, or disperse.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Describes the action of dispersing or scattering, typically of human populations. In 1 Samuel 13:11, the people "were scattered" from Saul; in Genesis 9:19, humanity "dispersed" across the earth; Isaiah 11:12 and 33:3 refer to the "dispersed of Judah" and scattering nations. Cross-linguistic evidence shows consistent rendering as dispersion/scattering verbs, though some translations bracket unusual passive participle forms like [ונפצות] and [נפצו]. 4×
AR["انْتَشَرَتْ", "تَشَتَّتَتِ", "تَفَرَّقَ", "وَ-مُشَتَّتَاتِ"]·ben["ও-ছড়িয়ে-পড়াদের", "ছড়িয়ে-পড়েছে"]·DE["[ונפצות]", "[נפצו]", "breitete-sich-aus", "scattered"]·EN["and-dispersed-of", "are-scattered", "scattered", "was-scattered"]·FR["[ונפצות]", "[נפצו]", "dispersa", "était-dispersé"]·heb["ו-נפוצות", "נפץ", "נפצה", "נפצו"]·HI["और-तितर-बितरी-", "तितर-गए", "फैल-गई"]·ID["berserak", "dan-yang-tercerai-berai", "mereka-tercerai-berai", "tersebar"]·IT["[ונפצות]", "[נפצו]", "disperse", "fu-disperse"]·jav["buyar", "lan-ingkang-kasebar", "mawut", "sumebar"]·KO["퍼졌다", "흩어졌다", "흩어진-자들을"]·PT["dispersou-se", "e-espalhadas-de", "foi-dispersa", "foram-dispersas"]·RU["и-рассеянных", "рассеиваются", "расселилась", "рассеялся"]·ES["fue-esparcida", "fueron-dispersadas", "se-dispersaba", "y-a-las-dispersas-de"]·SW["ilitawanyika", "na-waliotawanyika", "umetenda-upumbavu", "yanatawanyika"]·TR["dagildilar", "dağıldı", "ve-dagitilmislarini", "yayıldı"]·urd["اور-منتشروں", "بکھر-گئے", "منتشر-ہوئیں", "پھیل-گئی"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. נָפַץ vb. disperse, be scattered (often taken as secondary √ from Niph. of פוץ, yet cf. NH נפץ, Qal (Pt.), Pi., scatter; Syriac ܢܦܰܨ pour out, throw down, 𝔗 נְפַץ; Arabic نَفَضَ shake (irreg. correspondence of sibilants cf. Nö l.c.), Ethiopic ነፍጸ: dissipari, aufugere Di 713);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. נ׳ הָעָם מֵעָלַי 1 S 13:11 the people were scattered from me; 3 fs. נָֽפְצָה כָל־הָאָרֶץ Gn 9:19 (J)…