H5237 H5237
Foreign, alien; a stranger or outsider, especially the 'foreign woman' of Proverbs wisdom literature
An adjective marking someone or something as outside the covenant community — foreign land (Exod 2:22), foreign wives (1 Kgs 11:1), foreign gods. Unlike ger (resident alien with protected status), nokri emphasizes otherness and distance. In Deuteronomic law it governs economic distinctions: interest may be charged to the nokri but not to a brother (Deut 23:20). Proverbs develops a distinctive feminine substantive — the ishah nokriyah — warning against the seductive "foreign woman" whose ways lead to death (Prov 2:16; 5:20; 7:5).
Senses
1. foreign, alien (attributive adjective) — Attributive adjective modifying nouns: foreign land (Exod 2:22), foreign women (1 Kgs 11:1; Ezra 10:2), foreign garments (Zeph 1:8). Spanish extranjera/extranjero and French étrangère consistently render the national or ethnic outsider sense. The emphasis falls on belonging to another people rather than moral judgment. 22×
AR["[أجانب]", "أَجْنَبِيًّا", "أَجْنَبِيَّاتٍ", "أَجْنَبِيَّةٍ", "الأَجْنَبِيَّاتِ", "الـ-أَجْنَبِيَّاتِ", "الـ-غَرِيبَةِ", "الْأَجْنَبِيَّ", "الْأَجْنَبِيَّاتُ", "غَريباتٍ", "غَريبٍ", "غَرِيبًا", "غَرِيبَةٍ"]·ben["-বিদেশীয়", "বিদেশিনী", "বিদেশী", "বিদেশী।", "বিদেশীয়", "বিদেশে"]·DE["[נכריה]", "als-Fremde", "der-foreign", "foreign", "fremd"]·EN["[foreigners]", "alien", "foreign", "foreigners", "the-foreign"]·FR["[נכריה]", "der-étrangères", "foreign", "le-foreign", "étranger", "étrangers", "étrangère", "étrangères"]·heb["[נכרים]", "ה-נוכריות", "ה-נכריות", "נוכרי", "נוכריה", "נוכריות", "נכריות"]·HI["[अजनबियों]", "अजनबी", "परदेशी", "पराई", "पराई-स्त्रियाँ", "पराए", "परायē", "विदेशी"]·ID["[perempuan-asing]", "asing", "luar-biasa", "orang-asing", "yang asing", "yang-asing"]·IT["[נכריה]", "foreign", "foreigners", "il-straniere", "il-straniero", "straniere", "straniero"]·jav["garwa-manca", "manca", "tiyang-manca"]·KO["[낯선-자들]", "그-이방", "그-이방의", "낯선", "낯선-자들로", "이방", "이방-의", "이방의", "이방인을"]·PT["[estranhos]", "as-estrangeiras", "estrangeira", "estrangeira.", "estrangeiras", "estrangeiro", "forâneo"]·RU["[ктив:чужих]", "иноземные", "иноземных", "чуждую", "чужеземного", "чужеземных", "чужими", "чужого", "чужой", "чужому", "чужую"]·ES["[extraños]", "extranjera", "extranjeras", "extranjero", "extraña?", "extraño", "las-extranjeras"]·SW["geni", "kigeni", "vyombo", "wa-kigeni", "wageni", "ya-kigeni"]·TR["[yabancılar]", "yabanci", "yabancilar", "yabancilarin", "yabancı", "yabancı-bir", "yabancılar"]·urd["اجنبی", "اجنبیاں", "غیر-معمولی", "غیر-ملکی", "غیرملکی"]
Gen 31:15, Exod 2:22, Exod 18:3, Exod 21:8, Deut 17:15, 1 Kgs 11:1, 1 Kgs 11:8, Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:10, Ezra 10:11, Ezra 10:14, Ezra 10:17 (+10 more)
2. foreigner, stranger (substantive masculine) — Substantive masculine use: the foreigner as a legal category distinct from the ger (protected resident). Deuteronomy's economic legislation permits charging interest to the nokri (Deut 23:20) and selling carrion to him (Deut 14:21). German Ausländer captures this legal-outsider nuance well. Solomon's prayer in 1 Kings 8:41 envisions the nokri coming from afar to worship at the Temple. 16×
AR["أَجْنَبِيًّا", "أَجْنَبِيٌّ", "أَجْنَبِيٍّ", "إِلَى-أَجَانِبَ", "الـ-غَرِيبُ", "الـ-غَرِيبِ", "الْأَجْنَبِيَّ", "الْأَجْنَبِيِّ", "الْغَرِيبُ", "الْغَرِيبِ", "غَريبٌ", "غَرِيبٌ", "لِلأَجْنَبِيِّ", "لِلْأَجْنَبِيِّ", "وَ-أجْنَبيّاً", "وَالْأَجْنَبِيُّ"]·ben["-বিদেশী", "অপরিচিত", "এবং-সেই-বিদেশী", "ও-বিদেশী", "বিদেশী", "বিদেশীদের-কাছে", "বিদেশীর", "বিদেশীর-কাছে", "সেই-বিদেশীর"]·DE["Auslaender", "[הנכרי]", "der-Auslaender", "der-foreigner", "ein-foreigner", "fremd", "und-der-Auslaender", "und-ein-foreigner", "zu-der-Auslaender", "zu-ein-Auslaender"]·EN["a-foreigner", "and-a-foreigner", "and-the-foreigner", "foreigner", "stranger", "the-foreigner", "to-a-foreigner", "to-foreigners", "to-the-foreigner"]·FR["[לנכרים]", "et-le-étranger", "et-étranger", "le-foreigner", "le-étranger", "un-foreigner", "à-le-étranger", "à-un-étranger", "étranger", "étrangère"]·heb["ה-נוכרי", "ה-נכרי", "ו-ה-נוכרי", "ו-נוכרי", "ל-נוכרי", "ל-נוכרים", "נוכרי"]·HI["और-परदेशी", "को-विदेशी", "परदेशी", "परदेशी-से", "पराया", "पराये", "विदेशियों-के-लिए", "विदेशी", "विदेशी-के"]·ID["Orang-asing-negeri", "asing", "dan-orang-asing", "dan-orang-luar", "kepada-orang-asing", "kepada-orang-asing-negeri", "kepada-orang-orang-asing", "orang-asing", "orang-lain", "orang-yang-tidak-dikenal"]·IT["[ונכרי]", "[לנכרים]", "a-il-straniero", "a-un-straniero", "e-il-straniero", "il-forestiero", "il-straniero", "straniero", "un-forestiero"]·jav["Dhateng-tiyang-manca", "Tiyang-manca", "dhateng-tiyang-asing", "dhateng-tiyang-manca", "lan-tiyang-manca", "manca", "saha-tiyang-manca", "tiyang-manca"]·KO["그-외국인", "그-외국인을", "그-이방인에게", "그-이방인이", "그리고-그-외국인이", "그리고-이방인-이", "외국인", "외국인에게", "외국인으로", "외국인이라", "이방인-에게", "이방인-의", "이방인들-에게", "이방인의", "이방인이"]·PT["a-forâneo", "e-estrangeiro", "e-o-estrangeiro", "estrangeiro", "estranho", "o-estrangeiro", "o-forâneo", "para-estrangeiros", "¶ ao-estrangeiro"]·RU["-Иноземца", "Иноземцу", "и-иноземец", "и-иноземцем", "иноземец", "иноземца.", "иноземцу", "иностранцем", "к-иноземцам", "чужеземец", "чужестранец", "чужой", "чужому"]·ES["Al-extranjero", "a-extranjeros", "al-foráneo", "el-extranjero", "el-foráneo", "extranjero", "extraño", "y-el-extranjero", "y-extranjero"]·SW["Mgeni-wa-kigeni", "ambaye", "kwa-mgeni", "kwa-mgeni-wa-kigeni", "kwa-watu-wa-nje", "kwako", "mgeni", "na-mgeni", "wa-wageni"]·TR["-yabancıyı", "başkası", "ve-tanunmaz", "ve-yabancı", "yabanci", "yabancı", "yabancıdan", "yabancılara", "yabancının", "yabancıya"]·urd["-اجنبی", "-پردیسی", "-کا-پردیسی", "-کے-پردیسی", "اجنبی", "اجنبی-سے", "اجنبی-کو", "اور-پردیسی", "غیر ملکی", "غیر-ملکی", "وَ-پردیسی", "پردیسی", "پردیسی-کے", "پردیسیوں-کو"]
Deut 14:21, Deut 15:3, Deut 23:20, Deut 29:22, Judg 19:12, 2 Sam 15:19, 1 Kgs 8:41, 1 Kgs 8:43, 2 Chr 6:32, 2 Chr 6:33, Job 19:15, Ps 69:8 (+4 more)
3. foreign woman (Proverbs figure) — The 'foreign woman' (nokriyah) of Proverbs — a substantive feminine figure representing sexual and moral danger. Paired with ishah zarah (Prov 2:16; 7:5), she symbolizes the path of folly and death. Ruth 2:10 provides a poignant counterpoint: Ruth calls herself a nokriyah, yet Boaz's kindness overturns the expected social boundary. French étrangère and Spanish extranjera both serve here, though the Proverbs figure carries connotations far beyond mere nationality. 8×
AR["(أجْنَبِيَّةٍ)", "أَجْنَبِيَّةٍ", "الْأَجْنَبِيَّةِ", "الْغَرِيبَةُ", "الْغَرِيبَةِ", "غَرِيبَةٌ", "مِنْ-الْأَجْنَبِيَّةِ"]·ben["-এর-থেকে-বিদেশিনী", "একজন-বিদেশী", "থেকে-বিদেশিনী", "বিদেশিনী", "বিদেশিনীর"]·DE["fremd"]·EN["(foreign-woman)", "a-foreign-woman", "a-foreigner", "from-the-foreign-woman", "the-foreign-woman"]·FR["de-étrangère", "un-étranger", "étrangère"]·heb["(נכרייה)", "מ-נוכרייה", "נוכריה", "נוכרייה"]·HI["(अजनबिन)", "परदेशी", "पराई-स्त्री", "परायी-स्त्री", "विदेशी-से", "विदेशी-स्त्री-की"]·ID["(perempuan-asing)", "dari-perempuan-yang-tidak-dikenal", "orang-asing", "perempuan-asing", "perempuan-yang-tidak-dikenal"]·IT["da-straniero", "straniero", "un-straniero"]·jav["garwa-manca", "saking-wanita-manca", "tiyang-manca", "wanita-manca"]·KO["(낯선-여자)", "낯선-여자는", "이방-여인을", "이방인-에게서", "이방인-의", "이방인이데"]·PT["(estrangeira)", "de-estrangeira", "estrangeira"]·RU["иноземки.", "иноземки?", "от-иноземки,", "чужая-женщина", "чужеземка", "чужую", "чужую-женщину"]·ES["(una-extranjera)", "de-extranjera", "de-la-extranjera", "extranjera", "la-extranjera"]·SW["kutoka-kwa-kigeni", "kutoka-kwa-mgeni", "mgeni", "mwanamke-kigeni", "mwanamke-mgeni", "mwanamke-wa-kigeni"]·TR["(yabancı-kadın)", "yabancı-kadın", "yabancıdan", "yabancıdan-", "yabancının", "yabancıyım"]·urd["اجنبی-سے", "پردیسن-کی", "پردیسی", "پردیسی-سے", "پردیسی-عورت", "پردیسی-عورت-کی", "پردیسی-کا", "پردیسی-کی"]
Related Senses
H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H0854 1. with (accompaniment) (665×)H1471a 1. nations, peoples (plural/collective) (466×)G3326 1. with (368×)H1285 1. covenant, pact, treaty (284×)G2453 1. Jewish person, Jew (194×)H4150 1. meeting (tent of meeting) (151×)G2992 1. people/nation (an ethnic or political community) (142×)G4862 1. (129×)G1484 1. Gentiles, non-Jewish nations (128×)H1471a 2. nation, people-group (singular) (98×)H3162b 1. together (97×)H1616 1. sojourner, resident alien (92×)H0567 1. Amorite (people group) (87×)H3064 1. Jew, Jewish person (81×)H3669a 1. Canaanite (ethnic designation) (70×)G1122 1. scribe / expert in the Law (63×)H2114a 1. stranger, foreigner (person) (54×)H5608b 1. scribe, royal secretary (48×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† נָכְרִי adj. foreign, alien (NH נָכְרִי = Gentile);—נ׳ abs. m. Zp 1:8 +; f. נָכְרִיָּה Ex 2:22 +; mpl. נָכְרִים Is 2:6 + 2 times + Pr 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), + 27:13 (so read for MT נָכְרִיָּה); fpl. נָכְרִיּוֹת Gn 31:15 +;— 1. a. foreign: עַם נָכְרִי Ex 21:8 (E) a foreign (non-Isr.) people, אִישׁ נ׳ Dt 17:15 (‖ לֹא אָחִיךָ); מַלְבּוּשׁ נ׳ Zp 1:8; אֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה Ex 2:22 (J) foreign land,…